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Introduction Although immune checkpoint inhibitors offer significant therapeutic benefits to patients with advanced cancer, they can also cause a variety of immune‐related adverse events. As immune checkpoint inhibitors are being widely used, rare immune‐related adverse events are being reported. Case presentation A 70‐year‐old man with advanced salivary duct carcinoma was treated with pembrolizumab following radiotherapy. After receiving two doses of pembrolizumab, the patient experienced symptoms such as micturition pain and hematuria. Immune‐related cystitis was suspected, and the patient underwent a bladder biopsy and bladder hydrodistension. Histological analysis revealed non‐neoplastic bladder mucosa with CD8‐positive lymphocyte‐dominant inflammatory cell infiltration, consistent with immune‐related cystitis. The patient's bladder symptoms improved postoperatively without steroid administration. Conclusion Although steroids are commonly administered to treat immune‐related adverse events, bladder hydrodistension may be a promising treatment option for immune‐related cystitis to avoid administration of steroids, which may impair the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction Tumors in the fibroma–thecoma group are benign tumors, typically found in the ovaries of postmenopausal women and occasionally develop in the testes. These tumors are mostly treated with radical orchiectomy because preoperative diagnosis confirming the benign nature is difficult. Case presentation A 40‐year‐old man was incidentally pointed out to have a right intrascrotal mass, measuring approximately 10 cm on computed tomography. Malignant testicular tumor was suspected based on the location and size of the tumor. The patient underwent right radical orchiectomy. Histologically, the tumor had no evidence of malignancy, and the diagnosis of tumors in the fibroma–thecoma group was made. The patient had no recurrence 8 months after surgery. Conclusion Intrascrotal tumors in the fibroma–thecoma group are rare benign tumors and mostly treated with radical orchiectomy due to concerns about malignancies. Further investigation is needed for accurate preoperative diagnosis, and we should be aware of these rare tumors.