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15 results on '"University of Nottingham, UK ( UON )"'

1. CEP receptor signalling controls root system architecture in Arabidopsis and Medicago

Author

Ariel Ivanovici, Malcolm J. Bennett, Craig J. Sturrock, Nadiatul A. Mohd-Radzman, Michael A. Djordjevic, Jason Liang Pin Ng, Kelly Chapman, Michael Taleski, Ulrike Mathesius, Florian Frugier, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU)-Australian National University (ANU), The Hounsfield Facility, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, UK (UON)-University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Bioscience, French National Research Agency (ANR)Australian GovernmentAustralian Research Council No. DP150104250Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)H2020 Research Infrastructures 731013A.W. Howard fellowship Lidex 'Plant Phenotyping Pipeline', and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Receptors, Peptide, Physiology, Mutant, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, Plant Roots, lateral root, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Auxin, Medicago, CEPR1, Receptor, root system architecture, chemistry.chemical_classification, CEP, Indoleacetic Acids, peptide hormone, biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, fungi, Lateral root, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, rootward auxin transport, Cell biology, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Shoot, CRA2, gravitropic set-point angle, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Root system architecture (RSA) influences the effectiveness of resources acquisition from soils but the genetic networks that control RSA remain largely unclear.We used rhizoboxes, X-ray computed tomography, grafting, auxin transport measurements and hormone quantification to demonstrate that Arabidopsis and Medicago CEP (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE)-CEP RECEPTOR signalling controls RSA, the gravitropic set-point angle (GSA) of lateral roots (LRs), auxin levels and auxin transport.We showed that soil-grown Arabidopsis and Medicago CEP receptor mutants have a narrower RSA, which results from a steeper LR GSA. Grafting showed that CEPR1 in the shoot controls GSA. CEP receptor mutants exhibited an increase in rootward auxin transport and elevated shoot auxin levels. Consistently, the application of auxin to wild-type shoots induced a steeper GSA and auxin transport inhibitors counteracted the CEP receptor mutant's steep GSA phenotype. Concordantly, CEP peptides increased GSA and inhibited rootward auxin transport in wild-type but not in CEP receptor mutants.The results indicated that CEP-CEP receptor-dependent signalling outputs in Arabidopsis and Medicago control overall RSA, LR GSA, shoot auxin levels and rootward auxin transport. We propose that manipulating CEP signalling strength or CEP receptor downstream targets may provide means to alter RSA.

Published
2020
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2. Regulation of the xcp secretion pathway by multiple quorum‐sensing modulons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author

Paul Williams, Mohammed Akrim, Andrée Lazdunski, Amel Latifi, Marc Bally, Virginie Chapon-Hervé, Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), BIOTECH Contract B104 CT960119, Association Française de lutte contre la mucoviscidose, Chapon, Virginie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires ( LISM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and University of Nottingham, UK ( UON )

Subjects
Operon, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Biology, Microbiology, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Fusion gene, Gene product, 03 medical and health sciences, type II secretion system, Bacterial Proteins, Escherichia coli, Secretion, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Type II secretion system, 030306 microbiology, Membrane Transport Proteins, quorum sensing, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Cell biology, DNA-Binding Proteins, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Quorum sensing, Trans-Activators, Autoinducer
Abstract

International audience; The virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudo-monas aeruginosa is largely dependent upon the extracellular production of a number of secreted proteins with toxic or degradative activities. The synthesis of several exoenzymes is controlled in a cell-density-dependent manner by two interlinked quorum-sensing systems. Their secretion across the outer membrane occurs through the Xcp translocation machinery. The xcp locus located at 40 min on the chromosome consists of two divergently transcribed operons, namely xcpPQ and xcpR to xcpZ. In this study, transcriptional fusions were constructed between the xcpP and xcpR genes and the lacZ reporter. Transcriptional activation of the xcpP and xcpR genes in P. aeruginosa is growth-phase dependent and the lasR–lasI auto-induction system is required for this control. In the heterologous host Escherichia coli, the lasR gene product, together with its cognate autoinducer N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL), activates both the xcpP–lacZ and the xcpR–lacZ gene fusion. The second P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing modulon rhlR–rhlI (vsmR–vsmI) is also involved in the control of the xcp genes. Expression of the lacZ fusions is strongly reduced in PANO67, a pleiotropic mutant defective in the production of N-acyl-homoser-ine lactones responsible for the activation of RhlR. Furthermore, introduction of the lasR mutation in PANO67 results in additional diminution of xcpR transcription , indicating that the two systems can regulate their target genes independently. These data demonstrate that expression of the xcp secretion system depends on a complex regulatory network involving cell–cell signalling which controls production and secretion of virulence-associated factors.

Published
1997
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3. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C negatively regulates the endocannabinoid hydrolase ABHD6 in mice, depending on nutritional status

Author

Núria Casals, Ana Cristina Reguera, Maria Casas, Jaume Lillo, Rafael Franco, Cristina Miralpeix, Josefina Casas, Gemma Navarro, Anna Fosch, Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Stephen P.H. Alexander, Admin, Oskar, Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale (U1215 Inserm - UB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut François Magendie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universitat Internacional de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UIC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición ( (CIBEROBN)), Fundació la Marató de TV3, Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, and Indiana University Bloomington

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cannabinoid receptor, Enzimas, Ratones, Hydrolases, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Regulator, Neurones, Neuronas, Hippocampus, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, malonyl-CoA, CPT1C, Ratolins, Cervell, Neurons, Hipotàlem, Chemistry, Brain, Fasting, ABHD6, Endocannabinoid system, Enzymes, Cell biology, Malonyl Coenzyme A, Nutrición, Hypothalamus, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Proteínas, malonyl–CoA, Cerebro, Nutritional Status, 03 medical and health sciences, Hydrolase, medicine, Animals, Endocannabinoid signalling, Nutrició, Nutrition, Pharmacology, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Proteins, Monoacylglycerol Lipases, 030104 developmental biology, Malonyl-CoA, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Cannabinoid, Enzims, Proteïnes, Hipotálamo, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and Purpose The enzyme α/β‐hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), a new member of the endocannabinoid system, is a promising therapeutic target against neuronal‐related diseases. However, how ABHD6 activity is regulated is not known. ABHD6 coexists in protein complexes with the brain‐specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C). CPT1C is involved in neuro‐metabolic functions, depending on brain malonyl–CoA levels. Our aim was to study CPT1C–ABHD6 interaction and determine whether CPT1C is a key regulator of ABHD6 activity depending on nutritional status. Experimental Approach Co‐immunoprecipitation and FRET assays were used to explore ABHD6 interaction with CPT1C or modified malonyl–CoA‐insensitive or C‐terminal truncated CPT1C forms. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor‐mediated signalling was investigated by determining cAMP levels. A novel highly sensitive fluorescent method was optimized to measure ABHD6 activity in non‐neuronal and neuronal cells and in brain tissues from wild‐type (WT) and CPT1C–KO mice. Key Results CPT1C interacted with ABHD6 and negatively regulated its hydrolase activity, thereby regulating 2‐AG downstream signalling. Accordingly, brain tissues of CPT1C–KO mice showed increased ABHD6 activity. CPT1C malonyl–CoA sensing was key to the regulatory role on ABHD6 activity and CB1 receptor signalling. Fasting, which attenuates brain malonyl–CoA, significantly increased ABHD6 activity in hypothalamus from WT, but not CPT1C–KO, mice. Conclusions and Implications Our finding that negative regulation of ABHD6 activity, particularly in the hypothalamus, is sensitive to nutritional status throws new light on the characterization and the importance of the proteins involved as potential targets against diseases affecting the CNS., We thank Dr. Gemma Fabriàs and Alexandre García from the Research Unit of BioActive Molecules (Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, IQAC) for technical assistance in the analysis of endocannabinoid levels. We also thank Prof. Kenneth Mackie from the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington (USA), for providing ABHD6 antibody for western blotting assays in brain tissue. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (SAF2017‐83813‐C3‐3‐R to N.C. and R.R.‐R.), Joint Bilateral Project Japan‐Spain/AEI (PCI2018‐092997/AEI to R.R.‐R.) and Fundació La Marató de TV3 (Grant 87/C/2016 to N.C.). A.F. and C.R. are recipients of a fellowship from the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de la Recerca (AGAUR) in Catalonia.

Published
2021
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4. An extended root phenotype: the rhizosphere, its formation and impacts on plant fitness

Author

Laurent Laplaze, Malcolm J. Bennett, Gabriel Castrillo, Marie Simonin, Lionel Moulin, Carla de la Fuente Cantó, Eoghan King, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), LMI Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux [Dakar] (LAPSE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, University of Nottingham, Future Food Beacon of Excellence, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) : BB/T001437/1, Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab Project (SIIL/Feed the Future) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID): 929773554, Fondazione Cariplo : FC 2013-0891, FC 2013-1888., Wiley, ANR-17-CE20-0022,RootAdapt,Traits racinaires pour l'adaptation du mil au climat futur en Afrique de l'Ouest(2017), and ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Forage (honey bee), Plant Biology & Botany, Foraging, Plant Biology, microbiome, plant nutrition, drought, Plant Science, Biology, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, salinity, soil, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, biocontrol, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Soil Microbiology, Organism, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, Ecology, exudates, Cell Biology, Plants, 15. Life on land, root, Phenotype, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, rhizosphere, Plant nutrition, Plant genes, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plants forage soil for water and nutrients, whose distribution is patchy and often dynamic. To improve their foraging activities, plants have evolved mechanisms to modify the physicochemical properties and microbial communities of the rhizosphere, i.e. the soil compartment under the influence of the roots. This dynamic interplay in root-soil-microbiome interactions creates emerging properties that impact plant nutrition and health. As a consequence, the rhizosphere can be considered an extended root phenotype, a manifestation of the effects of plant genes on their environment inside and/or outside of the organism. Here, we review current understanding of how plants shape the rhizosphere and the benefits it confers to plant fitness. We discuss future research challenges and how applying their solutions in crops will enable us to harvest the benefits of the extended root phenotype.

Published
2020
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5. Spatio-temporal domains of wildfire-prone teleconnection patterns in the western mediterranean basin

Author

Michela Mariani, Marcos Rodrigues, Ana Russo, Adrián Cardil, Luiz Felipe Galizia, Michele Salis, Universitat de Lleida, Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universidade de Lisboa, CNR-IBE, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technosylva Inc., and national funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal) through projects IMPECAF (PTDC/CTA–CLI/28902/2017) and UIDB/50019/2020 - Instituto Dom Luiz.

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Mediterrània, Regió, geography.geographical_feature_category, Incendis forestals, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], climate teleconnections, Westerlies, Mediterranean Basin, pyrogeography, Fire weather, Geophysics, Geography, Homogeneous, Peninsula, Geography: Geosciences, wildfires, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Humitat atmosfèrica, Physical geography, ZABR, fire weather, Teleconnection, Canvis climàtics
Abstract

This work explores the main climate teleconnections influencing the Western Mediterranean Basin to outline homogeneous fire-prone weather domains combining cross-correlation time series and cluster analysis. We found a zonal effect of the Scandinavian pattern over the entire region with an interesting alternation of phases from positive during winter-spring (increased rainfall leading to fuel accumulation) to negative (dry conditions) modes during summer controlling burned area and fire size. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) dominates the number of fires over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) while the Western Mediterranean Oscillation pattern modulates fire activity over the Mediterranean coast in the IP (linked to westerly winds), Southern France, Corsica and Sardinia (rainfall regulation). These distinctive influence traits resulted in three different domains splitting the IP into a Mediterranean rim along the coast (from southern Spain to southwestern France) and an inland and western region (Portugal plus western Spain); and a third in southeastern France, Corsica and Sardinia.

Published
2021
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6. Beyond tail median and conditional tail expectation: Extreme risk estimation using tail L p ‐optimization

Author

Gilles Stupfler, Laurent Gardes, Stéphane Girard, Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (IRMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling and Inference of Complex and Structured Stochastic Systems (MISTIS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Modèles statistiques bayésiens et des valeurs extrêmes pour données structurées et de grande dimension (STATIFY), School of Mathematical Sciences [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Chaire Stress Test - BNP Paribas/Ecole polytechnique/Fondation de l'X., ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), and ANR-19-CE40-0013,ExtremReg,Régression extrême avec applications à l'économétrie, l'environnement et à la finance(2019)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, asymptotic normality, Asymptotic distribution, extreme value statistics, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0502 economics and business, Statistics, Range (statistics), 0101 mathematics, heavy-tailed distribution, Extreme value theory, 050205 econometrics, Event (probability theory), Mathematics, median shortfall, 05 social sciences, Estimator, semiparametric extrapolation, Lp−optimisation, Tail value at risk, Heavy-tailed distribution, conditional tail expectation, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Quantile
Abstract

The Conditional Tail Expectation is an indicator of tail behaviour that has recently gained traction in actuarial and financial applications. Contrary to the quantile or Value-at-Risk, it takes into account the frequency of a tail event together with the probabilistic behaviour of the variable of interest on this event. However, the asymptotic normality of the empirical Conditional Tail Expectation estimator requires that the underlying distribution possess a finite variance; this can be a strong restriction in heavy-tailed models which constitute the favoured class of models in actuarial and financial applications. One possible solution in very heavy-tailed models where this assumption fails could be to use the more robust Median Shortfall, but this quantity is actually just a quantile, which therefore only gives information about the frequency of a tail event and not about its typical magnitude. We construct a synthetic class of tail L p −medians, which encompasses the Median Shortfall (for p = 1) and Conditional Tail Expectation (for p = 2). We show that, for 1 < p < 2, a tail L p −median always takes into account both the frequency and magnitude of tail events, and its empirical estimator is, within the range of the data, asymptotically normal under a condition weaker than a finite variance. We extrapolate this estimator, along with another technique, to proper extreme levels using the heavy-tailed framework. The estimators are showcased on a simulation study and on a set of real fire insurance data showing evidence of a very heavy right tail.

Published
2019
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7. Sex‐specific effects of fisheries and climate on the demography of sexually dimorphic seabirds

Author

Stephen C. Votier, Deborah Pardo, Geoffrey N. Tuck, Richard A. Phillips, Stuart Townley, Roger Pradel, A. G. Wood, Jaume Forcada, Louise Ireland, Richard B. Sherley, Rémi Choquet, Dimas Gianuca, University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute [Penryn, UK], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Cape Town, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Environment and Sustainability Institute, and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Foraging, Fisheries, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, Commercial fishing, Animals, Population growth, Carrion, 14. Life underwater, Atlantic Ocean, Sea ice concentration, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Islands, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, Sexual dimorphism, Fishery, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Matrix population models
Abstract

International audience; 1. Many animal taxa exhibit sex-specific variation in ecological traits, such as foraging and distribution. These differences could result in sex-specific responses to change, but such demographic effects are poorly understood. 2. Here, we test for sex-specific differences in the demography of northern (NGP, Macronectes halli) and southern (SGP, M. giganteus) giant petrels-strongly sexually size-dimorphic birds that breed sympatrically at South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean. Both species feed at sea or on carrion on land, but larger males (30% heavier) are more reliant on terrestrial foraging than the more pelagic females. Using multi-event mark-recapture models, we examine the impacts of long-term changes in environmental conditions and commercial fishing on annual adult survival and use two-sex matrix population models to forecast future trends. 3. As expected, survival of male NGP was positively affected by carrion availability, but negatively affected by zonal winds. Female survival was positively affected by meridional winds and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and negatively affected by sea ice concentration and pelagic longline effort. Survival of SGPs did not differ between sexes; however, survival of males only was positively correlated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). 4. Two-sex population projections indicate that future environmental conditions are likely to benefit giant petrels. However, any potential increase in pelagic longline fisheries could reduce female survival and population growth. 5. Our study reveals that sex-specific ecological differences can lead to divergent responses to environmental drivers (i.e. climate and fisheries). Moreover, because such effects may not be apparent when all individuals are considered together, ignoring sex differences could underestimate the relative influence of a changing environment on demography. K E Y W O R D S giant petrels, Macronectes giganteus, Macronectes halli, sex-specific effects, sexual size dimorphism, South Georgia, Southern Ocean, survival

Published
2019
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8. Signalling networks in cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies and drug resistance

Author

Majdi, Amine, Aoudjehane, Lynda, Ratziu, Vlad, Islam, Tawhidul, Conti, Filomena, Mestiri, Taïeb, Lagouge, Marie, Foufelle, Fabienne, Ballenghien, Florine, Ledent, Tatiana, Moldes, Marthe, Cadoret, Axelle, Delaunay, Jean-Louis, Aït-Slimane, Tounsia, Courtois, Gilles, Fève, Bruno, Scatton, Olivier, Prip-Buus, Carina, Rodrigues, Cecília M.P., Housset, Chantal, Gautheron, Jérémie, Fouassier, Laura, Marzioni, Marco, Afonso, Marta, Dooley, Steven, Gaston, Kevin, Giannelli, Gianluigi, Rodrigues, Cecilia, Lozano, Elisa, Mancarella, Serena, Segatto, Oreste, Vaquero, Javier, Marin, Jose, Coulouarn, Cédric, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Heidelberg University, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universidad de Salamanca, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), LF and JV are funded by the LABEX Plas@par project and received financial state aid managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, as part of the programme ‘Investissements d'avenir’ under the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02. MM was funded by UNIVPM grant 040020_R.SCIENT.A_2018. CC is funded by Inserm, Univ Rennes, INCa and ITMO Cancer AVIESAN (Alliance Nationale pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé) dans le cadre du Plan cancer (non-coding RNA in cancerology: fundamental to translational). KG is funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/N012615/1) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) (DBG5980005). CMPR and MBA are funded by COMPETE2020 and FCT (SAICTPAC/0019/2015 - LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016405), Portugal. OS is funded by AIRC (IG 16726). JJM is funded by Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (PI16/00598, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund, ‘Investing in your future’), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (SAF2016-75197-R), the Regional Government of Castile and Leon (SA063P17). The authors of this review article are members of the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma and participate in the initiative COST Action EURO-CHOLANGIO-NET granted by the COST Association (CA18122) and Centro Internacional sobre el Envejecimiento (OLD-HEPAMARKER, 0348_CIE_6_E)., ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), Human HepCell [AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Antoine], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP - Hôpital Saint-Antoine -Paris Biotech santé, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de chirurgie digestive hépato-bilio-pancréatique transplantation hépatique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Trafic Membranaire et Signalisation Dans les Cellules Epitheliales, Centre de Mathématiques Laurent Schwartz (CMLS), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pathologies biliaires, fibrose et cancer du foie (Inserm UMR_S 938), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol [Bristol], Università degli studi di Bari, iMed.UL, University of Lisbon, ITACA, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Drug Resistance, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Computational biology, Drug resistance, Disease, Cholangiocarcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, Humans, Medicine, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Epigenetics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hepatology, business.industry, Molecular pathogenesis, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Therapeutic resistance, 3. Good health, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, Signalling, Bile Duct Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Tumour stroma, cardiovascular system, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Special Issue: Cholangiocarcinoma; International audience; Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly disease. While surgery may attain cure in a minor fraction of cases, therapeutic options in either the adjuvant or advanced setting are limited. The possibility of advancing the efficacy of therapeutic approaches to CCA relies on understanding its molecular pathogenesis and developing rational therapies aimed at interfering with oncogenic signalling networks that drive and sustain cholangiocarcinogenesis. These efforts are complicated by the intricate biology of CCA, which integrates not only the driving force of tumour cell-intrinsic alterations at the genetic and epigenetic level but also pro-tumorigenic cues conveyed to CCA cells by different cell types present in the rich tumour stroma. Herein, we review our current understanding of the mechanistic bases underpinning the activation of major oncogenic pathways causative of CCA pathogenesis. We subsequently discuss how this knowledge is being exploited to implement rationale-based and genotype-matched therapeutic approaches that predictably will radically transform CCA clinical management in the next decade. We conclude by highlighting the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in CCA and reviewing innovative approaches to combat resistance at the preclinical and clinical level.

Published
2019
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9. Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta?analysis

Author

Jo Leonardi-Bee, Sue Cooper, Catherine Chamberlain, Ravinder Claire, Mary-Ann Davey, Katarzyna A. Campbell, Tim Coleman, Tom Coleman-Haynes, Lauren Taylor, Ivan Berlin, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), La Trobe University [Melbourne], Service de pharmacologie médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Monash University [Clayton]

Subjects
fetal health, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Birth weight, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030508 substance abuse, Medicine (miscellaneous), Gestational Age, Prenatal care, smoking, Miscarriage, nicotine replacement therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fetus, medicine, Humans, Birth outcomes, health outcomes, 030212 general & internal medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Pregnancy, Obstetrics, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Care, medicine.disease, Nicotine replacement therapy, Tobacco Use Cessation Devices, 3. Good health, smoking cessation, Pregnancy Complications, Psychiatry and Mental health, Low birth weight, Systematic review, Smoking cessation, Female, pregnancy, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

International audience; Background and aims: Smoking in pregnancy causes substantial avoidable harm to mothers and offspring; nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may prevent this, and is used to help women to quit. A recently updated Cochrane Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating impacts of NRT in pregnancy focuses primarily on efficacy data, but also reports adverse impacts from NRT. Here we identify and summarize NRT impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes reported in non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs).Methods: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs and non-RCT studies of NRT in pregnancy, with design-specific risk of bias assessment and grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) criteria applied to selected outcomes.Findings: Relevant Cochrane Review findings are reported alongside those from this new review. Seven RCTs were included; n = 2340. Nine meta-analyses were performed; non-statistically significant estimates indicated potentially reduced risk from NRT compared with smoking for mean birth weight, low birth weight, preterm birth, intensive care admissions, neonatal death, congenital anomalies and caesarean section and potentially increased risks for miscarriage and stillbirth. GRADE assessment for mean birth weight and miscarriage outcomes indicated 'low' confidence in findings. Twenty-three non-RCTs were included; n = 931 163. Eleven large studies from five routine health-care cohorts reported clinical outcomes; 12 small studies investigated mainly physiological outcomes within in-patient women given NRT. Findings from meta-analyses for congenital anomalies, stillbirth and preterm birth were underpowered and not in a consistent direction; GRADE assessment of confidence in findings was 'very low'. Routine health-care studies were of higher quality, but implications of reported findings were unclear as there was inadequate measurement and reporting of women's smoking.Conclusions: Available evidence from randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative studies does not currently provide clear evidence as to whether maternal use of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy is harmful to the fetus.

Published
2021
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10. Evidence of a South Asian Proto-Monsoon During the Oligocene-Miocene Transition

Author

Pallavi Anand, Stephen P. Hesselbo, Sev Kender, Kate Littler, Charlotte Beasley, Clemens V. Ullmann, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Clara T Bolton, Melanie J. Leng, Liviu Giosan, University of Exeter, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), British Geological Survey (BGS), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Bergen (UiB), Camborne School of Mines (CSM-UE), and Environment and Sustainability Institute [Penryn, UK]

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Terrigenous sediment, Intertropical Convergence Zone, Arabian Sea, Oligocene-Miocene transition, Geochemistry, Paleontology, trace elements, South Asian Monsoon, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Monsoon, Oxygen minimum zone, 01 natural sciences, foraminiferal stable isotopes, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Deglaciation, Precipitation, Glacial period, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The geological history of the South Asian monsoon (SAM) before the Pleistocene is not well-constrained, primarily due to a lack of available continuous sediment archives. Previous studies have noted an intensification of SAM precipitation and atmospheric circulation during the middle Miocene (∼14 Ma), but no records are available to test how the monsoon changed prior to this. In order to improve our understanding of monsoonal evolution, geochemical and sedimentological data were generated for the Oligocene-early Miocene (30–20 Ma) from Indian National Gas Hydrate Expedition 01 Site NGHP-01-01A in the eastern Arabian Sea, at 2,674 m water depth. We find the initial glaciation phase (23.7–23.0 Ma) of the Oligocene-Miocene transition (OMT) to be associated with an increase in water column ventilation and water mass mixing, suggesting an increase in winter monsoon type atmospheric circulation, possibly driven by a relative southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone. During the latter part of the OMT, or “deglaciation” phase (23.0–22.7 Ma), a long-term decrease in Mn (suggestive of deoxygenation), increase in Ti/Ca and dissolution of the biogenic carbonate fraction suggest an intensification of a proto-summer SAM system, characterized by the formation of an oxygen minimum zone in the eastern Arabian Sea and a relative increase of terrigenous material delivered by runoff to the site. With no evidence at this site for an active SAM prior to the OMT we suggest that changes in orbital parameters, as well as possibly changing Tethyan/Himalayan tectonics, caused this step change in the proto-monsoon system at this intermediate-depth site.

Published
2021
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11. Oceanic island biogeography through the lens of the General Dynamic Model: assessment and prospect

Author

Borregaard, Michael K., Amorim, Isabel R., Borges, Paulo A. V., Cabral, Juliano Sarmento, Fernandez-Palacios, Jose M., Field, Richard, Heaney, Lawrence R., Kreft, Holger, Matthews, Thomas J., Olesen, Jens M., Price, Jonathan, Rigal, Francois, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Triantis, Konstantinos A., Valente, Luis, Weigelt, Patrick, Whittaker, Robert J., School of Geography, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität Bayreuth

Subjects
LEAFHOPPERS CICADELLIDAE NESOPHROSYNE, Archipelago, CANARY-ISLANDS, Island Biogeography, LONG-TERM, Island evolution, AREA RELATIONSHIPS, Trait Evolution, Island Evolution, ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, Volcanic islands, ADAPTIVE RADIATION, SPECIES ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS, MIXED EFFECT MODELS, General Dynamic Model, Trait evolution, Volcanic Islands, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Diversity Theory, MACARONESIAN ARCHIPELAGOS, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Diversity theory, General dynamic model, Island biogeography
Abstract

DOI: 10.1111/brv.12256; International audience; The general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography (GDM) has added a new dimension to theoretical island biogeography in recognizing that geological processes are key drivers of the evolutionary processes of diversification and extinction within remote islands. It provides a dynamic and essentially non-equilibrium framework generating novel predictions for emergent diversity properties of oceanic islands and archipelagos. Its publication in 2008 coincided with, and spurred on, renewed attention to the dynamics of remote islands. We review progress, both in testing the GDM's predictions and in developing and enhancing ecological-evolutionary understanding of oceanic island systems through the lens of the GDM. In particular, we focus on four main themes: (i) macroecological tests using a space-for-time rationale; (ii) extensions of theory to islands following different patterns of ontogeny; (iii) the implications of GDM dynamics for lineage diversification and trait evolution; and (iv) the potential for downscaling GDM dynamics to local-scale ecological patterns and processes within islands. We also consider the implications of the GDM for understanding patterns of non-native species diversity. We demonstrate the vitality of the field of island biogeography by identifying a range of potentially productive lines for future research. © 2016 Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Published
2016
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12. The Origin of Molecular Mobility During Biomass Pyrolysis as Revealed by In situ 1 H NMR Spectroscopy

Author

Nicolas Brosse, Miguel Castro-Díaz, Anthony Dufour, Colin E. Snape, Mohamed Bouroukba, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sch Chem Environm & Min Engn, Nottingham Fuel & Energy Ctr, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), and Programme Energie du CNRS: CRAKIN

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, 02 engineering and technology, Poaceae, Lignin, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biopolymers, WOOD PYROLYSIS, MAGNETIC-RESONANCE, CELL-WALL, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, General Materials Science, Cellulose, KINETICS, Minerals, Temperature, CELLULOSE PYROLYSIS, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, CO-PYROLYSIS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Xylan, THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION, THERMOGRAVIMETRY MASS-SPECTROMETRY, General Energy, chemistry, Biofuel, Xylans, TEMPERATURE H-1-NMR, Protons, RADIANT FLASH PYROLYSIS, 0210 nano-technology, Pyrolysis
Abstract

International audience; The thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks offers an important potential route for the production of biofuels and value-added green chemicals. Pyrolysis is the first phenomenon involved in all biomass thermochemical processes and it controls to a major extent the product composition. The composition of pyrolysis products can be affected markedly by the extent of softening that occurs. In spite of extensive work on biomass pyrolysis, the development of fluidity during the pyrolysis of biomass has not been quantified. This paper provides the first experimental investigation of proton mobility during biomass pyrolysis by in situ 1H NMR spectroscopy. The origin of mobility is discussed for cellulose, lignin and xylan. The effect of minerals on cellulose mobility is also investigated. Interactions between polymers in the native biomass network are revealed by in situ 1H NMR analysis.

Published
2012
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13. ENERGY, WATER, AND BROAD-SCALE GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF SPECIES RICHNESS

Author

Jeremy T. Kerr, Eric E. Porter, Thierry Oberdorff, Dawn M. Kaufman, Richard Field, John Turner, Jean-François Guégan, Eileen M. O'Brien, David J. Currie, Gary G. Mittelbach, Howard V. Cornell, Bradford A. Hawkins, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Delaware [Newark], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Centre d'Etude sur le Polymorphisme des Micro-Organismes, UMR CNRS-IRD 9926 (CEPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Kansas State University, Michigan State University System, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of Georgia [USA], Miami University [Ohio] (MU), University of Leeds, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), and University of California

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), latitudinal gradient, Biodiversity, Energy balance, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Subtropics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity gradients, Water balance, energy hypothesis, Temperate climate, water-energy dynamics, species richness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, species-energy theory, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Body size and species richness, 15. Life on land, productivity hypothesis, Geography, 13. Climate action, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; It is often claimed that we do not understand the forces driving the global diversity gradient. However, an extensive literature suggests that contemporary climate constrains terrestrial taxonomic richness over broad geographic extents. Here, we review the empirical literature to examine the nature and form of the relationship between climate and richness. Our goals were to document the support for the climatically based energy hypothesis, and within the constraints imposed by correlative analyses, to evaluate two versions of the hypothesis: the productivity and ambient energy hypotheses. Focusing on studies extending over 800 km, we found that measures of energy, water, or water-energy balance explain spatial variation in richness better than other climatic and non-climatic variables in 82 of 85 cases. Even when considered individually and in isolation, water/ energy variables explain on average over 60% of the variation in the richness of a wide range of plant and animal groups. Further, water variables usually represent the strongest predictors in the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate zones, whereas energy variables (for animals) or water-energy variables (for plants) dominate in high latitudes. We conclude that the interaction between water and energy, either directly or indirectly (via plant productivity), provides a strong explanation for globally extensive plant and animal diversity gradients, but for animals there also is a latitudinal shift in the relative importance of ambient energy vs. water moving from the poles to the equator. Although contemporary climate is not the only factor influencing species richness and may not explain the diversity pattern for all taxonomic groups, it is clear that understanding water-energy dynamics is critical to future biodiversity research. Analyses that do not include water-energy variables are missing a key component for explaining broad-scale patterns of diversity.

Published
2003
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14. Hard Macrocellular Silica Si(HIPE) Foams Templating Micro/Macroporous Carbonaceous Monoliths: Applications as Lithium Ion Battery Negative Electrodes and Electrochemical Capacitors

Author

Marc Birot, Gilles Pecastaings, Rénal Backov, Nicolas Brun, Clément Sanchez, Alain Soum, S. R. S. Prabaharan, Mathieu Morcrette, Hervé Deleuze, Alain Derré, Centre de recherches Paul Pascal (CRPP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site Paris VI) (LCMCP (site Paris VI)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Team 1 LCPO : Polymerization Catalyses & Engineering, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Lithium-ion battery, law.invention, Biomaterials, law, Porous materials, Silica, Microporous material, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Carbon, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Capacitor, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Lithium ion batteries, Monolithic materials, Electrode, Lithium, 0210 nano-technology, Current density
Abstract

10 pages; International audience; By using Si(HIPEs) as hard, exotemplating matrices, interconnected macro-/microporous carbon monolith-type materials with a surface area of around 600 m2 g-1 are synthesized and shaped. The carbonaceous foams exhibit a conductivity of 20 S cm-1, addressed with excellent mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 0.2 GPa and toughness of 13 J g-1, when the carbon core is optimized). The above-mentioned specificities, combined with the fact that the external shape and size can be easily designed on demand, are of primary importance for applications. The functionality of these carbonaceous monoliths is tested as both an electrochemical capacitor and a lithium ion negative electrode. The electrochemical capacitors' voltage-current profiles exhibit a non-ideal rectangular response, confirming the double-layer behavior of the carbon studied, while the charge-discharge current profile of the electric double-layer capacitor is directly proportional to the scan where the current response during charge and discharge exhibits high reversibility. When acting as a lithium ion negative electrode, after initial irreversibility, a good cyclability is obtained, associated with a stable capacity of 200 mA h g-1 during the first 50 cycles at a reasonable current density (C/10).

Published
2009
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15. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author

Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Casimiro Mendoza, Paul R. Moorcroft, Patrick Meir, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Leandro Valle Ferreira, José Luís Camargo, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Niro Higuchi, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez, Bart Kruijt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, Eric Arets, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marielos Peña-Claros, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Gloor, Matthieu Guimberteau, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Damien Bonal, Agustín Rudas, Euridice Honorio, Anja Rammig, Juan Carlos Licona, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Gerardo Aymard, Oliver L. Phillips, Emilio Vilanova, Bia Marimon, Carlos A. Quesada, Lourens Poorter, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, John Terborgh, Anthony Di Fiore, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Jérôme Chave, Jocely Barroso, Guido Pardo, Vincent A. Vos, Marisol Toledo, Christopher Baraloto, Juliana Stropp, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Darley C.L. Matos, Michelle O. Johnson, Yadvinder Malhi, Ke Zhang, Kirsten Thonicke, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Abel Monteagudo, Luzmila Arroyo, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Timothy R. Baker, Hans Verbeeck, Gilvan Sampaio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, William F. Laurance, René G. A. Boot, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Sophie Fauset, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Celso von Randow, Rodolfo Vasquez, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Missouri Botanical Garden, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), Fundación Con-Vida, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Department of Biological Sciences [Miami], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Centro de Geociencias, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Dpt of Anthropology [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University (JCU), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University [Fairfax], Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University [Durham], Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Universitário, Institute of Biological Sciences, Medical and Health, Universidade Paranaense, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], School of Geography [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' NE/I028122/1, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao PELD-403725/2012-7, Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics', EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' 283093, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs KB-14-003-030, US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project, ERC Advanced Grant, Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award, ARC FT110100457, NERC NE/J011002/1, Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship, European Project: 283080,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,GEOCARBON(2011), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), University of Oxford, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Florida International University (FIU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Universidad de los Andes [Bogota]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES, TREE MORTALITY, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tropic Climate, Aboveground Biomass, Trees, Ecosystem model, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Primary Research Article, Biomass, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Vegetation, Net Primary Production, Dynamic global vegetation model, PE&RC, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Tree, tropical forest, productivity, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, dynamic global vegetation model, Stem, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon Cycle, forest plots, TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS, Amazonia, allometry, Environmental Chemistry, Tropical Forest, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Mortality, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allometry, Tropical Climate, WIMEK, Forest Ecosystem, EARTH SYSTEM, carbon, Theoretical Model, Primary production, 15. Life on land, South America, Models, Theoretical, Primary Research Articles, CARBON BALANCE, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, WOOD PRODUCTIVITY, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Growth, Development And Aging, Earth and Environmental Sciences, WATER-BALANCE, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, cavelab, Spatial variability, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ECOSYSTEM MODEL
Abstract

Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. © 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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