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ABSTRACT Aims/Introduction Diabetes has been related to an increased risk of oral cancer. Nevertheless, the impact of diabetes on the outcome of individuals with oral and oropharyngeal cancer is not clear. In this study, a meta‐analysis was carried out to assess the link between diabetes and the survival of individuals with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Materials and Methods Relevant cohort studies for the meta‐analysis objective were obtained through searching electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. The data were combined using a random effects model that accounted for differences between studies. Results A total of 10 cohorts involving 21,871 patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer were included. Pooled results suggest that compared with those with normoglycemia, oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients with diabetes were associated with a poor overall survival (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.29–2.22, P 0.05). In addition, diabetes was also associated with a poor progression‐free survival of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.99, P

Abstract Decoding of spatial information from place cells is currently limited to individual brain regions, severely constraining the understanding of the brain's spatial navigation mechanisms. In this study, synchronized detection of dual‐brain region spatial encoding was conducted using brain–computer interface (BCI). Therefore, an implantable microelectrode array (MEA) was developed tailored for the simultaneous detection of neuronal activities in the CA1 of the hippocampus and the Barrel Cortex (BC) of the somatosensory cortex in rats as BCI. The MEA was improved by modifying the nanocomposite PtNP/PEDOT:PSS to improve their electrical properties (reducing impedance from 1.82 ± 0.17 MΩ to 3.4 ± 0.3 kΩ), facilitating neural recordings in freely behaving rats. The neural activities were obtained from the CA1 and the BC simultaneously and validated the existence of place cells in both brain regions. This study highlighted the potential of PtNP/PEDOT:PSS‐modified MEA as BCI in concurrently detecting neural activity associated with spatial encoding in two brain regions, offering novel perspectives on the processing of tactile stimuli and the formation of cognitive maps for navigation.

Abstract The optoelectronic resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) with the integrated function of perception, storage and intrinsic randomness displays promising applications in the hardware level in‐sensor image cryptography. In this work, 2D hexagonal boron nitride based optoelectronic RRAM is fabricated with semitransparent noble metal (Ag or Au) as top electrodes, which can simultaneous capture color image and generate physically unclonable function (PUF) key for in‐sensor color image cryptography. Surface plasmons of noble metals enable the strong light absorption to realize an efficient modulation of filament growth at nanoscale. Resistive switching curves show that the optical stimuli can impede the filament aggregation and promote the filament annihilation, which originates from photothermal effects and photogenerated hot electrons in localized surface plasmon resonance of noble metals. By selecting noble metals, the optoelectronic RRAM array can respond to distinct wavelengths and mimic the biological dichromatic cone cells to perform the color perception. Due to the intrinsic and high‐quality randomness, the optoelectronic RRAM can produce a PUF key in every exposure cycle, which can be applied in the reconfigurable cryptography. The findings demonstrate an effective strategy to build optoelectronic RRAM for in‐sensor color image cryptography applications.

Abstract Hippocampal CA1 neurons show intense firing at specific spatial locations, modulated by isolated landmarks. However, the impact of real‐world scene transitions on neuronal activity remains unclear. Moreover, long‐term neural recording during movement challenges device stability. Conventional rigid‐based electrodes cause inflammatory responses, restricting recording durations. Inspired by the jellyfish tentacles, the multi‐conductive layer ultra‐flexible microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are developed. The tentacle MEAs ensure stable recordings during movement, thereby enabling the discovery of soft boundary neurons. The soft boundary neurons demonstrate high‐frequency firing that aligns with the boundaries of scene transitions. Furthermore, the localization ability of soft boundary neurons improves with more scene transition boundaries, and their activity decreases when these boundaries are removed. The innovation of ultra‐flexible, high‐biocompatible tentacle MEAs improves the understanding of neural encoding in spatial cognition. They offer the potential for long‐term in vivo recording of neural information, facilitating breakthroughs in the understanding and application of brain spatial navigation mehanisms.

Abstract Jasmine tea is loved by most people who drink flower tea owing to its unique aroma, and it is known as the top of flower teas. In our study, the quantitative evaluation of the quality of jasmine tea and detection of aroma components were carried out. First, the flavor quality of 92 kinds of jasmine tea was evaluated using multiple sub‐factor quality evaluation methods. According to the evaluation results, jasmine tea was divided into three types: “fresh and lovely” (FL), “heavy and thick” (HT), and “fresh and heavy” (FH). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to detect the aroma components of the three types of jasmine tea samples. α‐Farnesene, cis‐3‐hexenyl benzoate, acid phenylmethyl ester, linalool, methyl anthranilate, and indole were the main substances that constituted the basic aroma quality characteristics of jasmine tea. Compared to the FL type, the HT and FH types were weaker in the diversification of the characteristic aroma and accumulation of green, herb, sweet, and roast aroma substances. Green and herb aromas play crucial roles in the fresh and persistent qualities of the three types of jasmine tea, which are the key quality factors research focus of jasmine tea.

Abstract The paper proposes the method of uniform flow loading the improved consensus algorithm to achieve obstacle avoidance for multi‐UAV with 3‐D formation. In view of that the flow function is generally only applicable to two dimensional flow field, dimension reduction is to treat multi‐UAV formation as each UAV flows around along the circular surface of the projected cylinder of spherical obstacle at its different heights. To formation guaranteeing the smooth realization of obstacle avoidance of multi‐UAV formation centered on the leader, it is used the tactics of virtually expanding the radius of these static or moving equivalent cylindrical obstacles to reserve a certain space. The innovation of this strategy is to further reduce the possibility of collision between UAV formation and the edge of obstacles, meanwhile the problem of multi‐UAV formation avoiding obstacles is transformed into the problem of collision avoidance navigation for the leader treated as a particle. It is considered collision avoidance for multi‐UAV formation under three scenarios assumed are the most common situations, and the simulation experimental results of these scenarios are demonstrated on the validity of the designed experiments based on these algorithms.

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID‐19) has caused a worldwide challenging and threatening pandemic. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the COVID‐19 vaccines in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Patient self‐reported adverse events related to vaccines were recorded by follow‐up through a uniform questionnaire. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan–Meier method. A multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox proportional hazard regression model to determine the effect of each variable on the survival of lung cancer patients. Results A total of 860 patients with NSCLC on treatment were enrolled. Mean age was 57 years in patients with early stage group and 62 years in advanced stage group. The vaccination rate was 71.11% for early‐stage patients and 19.48% for advanced‐stage patients; most of them (86.5%) received the COVID‐19 inactivated virus (Vero cell) vaccine (Coronavac; Sinovac). The most common systemic adverse reaction was weakness. The main reason for vaccine refusal in those unvaccinated patients was concern about the safety of vaccination in the presence of a tumor and undergoing treatment (56.9% and 53.4%). The 1‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was 100% for vaccinated and 97.4% for unvaccinated early‐stage patients. Then we compared the progression‐free survival (PFS) of vaccinated (median PFS 9.0 months) and unvaccinated (median PFS 7.0 months) advanced stage patients (p = 0.815). Advanced NSCLC patients continued to be divided into groups receiving radio‐chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, with no statistical difference in PFS between the groups (p > 0.05). The median overall survival (OS) of vaccinated patients was 20.5 months, and that of unvaccinated patients was 19.0 months (p = 0.478) in advanced NSCLC patients. Conclusions COVID‐19 vaccination is safe for Chinese NSCLC patients actively receiving different antitumor treatments without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions, and vaccination does not affect cancer patient survival.

Key Clinical Message The combined approach of surgical resection along with superficial x‐ray radiotherapy emerges as a superior treatment option for individuals with keloids, which hold huge potential for enhancing aesthetic outcomes and preventing keloid recurrence.

Abstract Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inherited metabolic disease in humans. Clinical screening of newborn heel blood samples for PKU is costly and time‐consuming because it requires multiple procedures, like isotope labeling and derivatization, and PKU subtype identification requires an additional urine sample. Delayed diagnosis of PKU, or subtype identification can result in mental disability. Here, plasmonic silver nanoshells are used for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS) detection of PKU with label‐free assay by recognizing metabolic profile in dried blood spot (DBS) samples. A total of 1100 subjects are recruited and each DBS sample can be processed in seconds. This platform achieves PKU screening with a sensitivity of 0.985 and specificity of 0.995, which is comparable to existing clinical liquid chromatography MS (LC‐MS) methods. This method can process 360 samples per hour, compared with the LC‐MS method which processes only 30 samples per hour. Moreover, this assay enables precise identification of PKU subtypes without the need for a urine sample. It is demonstrated that this platform enables high‐performance and fast, low‐cost PKU screening and subtype identification. This approach might be suitable for the detection of other clinically relevant biomarkers in blood or other clinical samples.

Abstract As a living repair material, cell sheet exhibits significant potential in wound repair. Nonetheless, wound healing is a complicated and protracted process that necessitates specific repair functions at each stage, including hemostasis and antibacterial activity. In this work, on the basis of harvesting the cell sheet via a photothermal response strategy, a fibronectin attached cell sheet (FACS) is prepared to enhance its wound repair capability. For this purpose, the azide group (N3) is initially tagged onto the cell surface through metabolic glycoengineering of unnatural sugars, and then the conjugate (DBCO‐fibronectin) comprises of the dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) and fibronectin with multiple wound repair functions is linked to N3 using click chemistry. Biological evaluations following this demonstrates that the FACS preparation exhibits excellent biocompatibility, and the fibronectin modification enhances the capacity for cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, in vivo wound healing experiment confirms the reparative efficacy of FACS. It not only has a wound closure rate 1.46 times that of a conventional cell sheet but also reduces inflammatory cell infiltration, promotes hair follicle and blood vessel regeneration, and encourages collagen deposition. This strategy holds enormous clinical potential and paves the way for advanced functional modifications of cell sheets.

Abstract Background The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) on osteoarthritis (OA) and comprehensively evaluate the role of the Nuclear Factor erythroid 2‐Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway in chondrocytes. Method In our study, we treated chondrocytes with BDMC in an in vitro chondrocyte assay and measured its influence on extracellular matrix (ECM) expression, downstream heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and NOD‐like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) levels. Results Our study indicates that BDMC significantly activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway in chondrocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3, interleukin 1β, recombinant a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)4 and (ADAMTS)5 was significantly suppressed by BDMC. Conclusion This study confirms the potential for BDMC to activate the Nrf2/HO‐1/NLRP3 signalling pathway and alleviate OA symptoms. Therefore, BDMC is a promising therapeutic agent for OA that offers new insights and treatment methods.

Abstract Background We previously reported results of a pooled analysis of two zanubrutinib studies in relapsed or refractory (R/R) MCL showing better survival outcomes when zanubrutinib is used in second‐line versus later‐line. Here, we present an updated pooled analysis with a longer follow‐up of 35.2 months. Methods Data were pooled from two studies—BGB‐3111‐AU‐003 (NCT02343120) and BGB‐3111‐206 (NCT03206970) of zanubrutinib in R/R MCL. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment line of zanubrutinib: the second‐line and the later‐line group. The inverse propensity score weighting method was used to balance the baseline covariates between the groups. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included progression‐free survival (PFS), PFS, and OS rates, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and safety. Results Among 112 pooled patients, 41 (36.6%) patients received zanubrutinib as second‐line and 71 (63.4%) patients as later‐line therapy. After weighting, OS was significantly improved in the second‐line versus later‐line group (HR, 0.459 [95% CI: 0.215, 0.98]; p = 0.044) with median OS not estimable in both groups. The PFS was similar between the two groups (HR, 0.78 [95% CI: 0.443, 1.373]; p = 0.389) but with numerically longer median PFS in the second‐line versus later‐line group (27.8 vs. 22.1 months). ORR was numerically higher in the second‐line versus later‐line (88.6% vs. 85.7%), and DOR was similar between the two groups (25.2 vs. 25.1 months). Zanubrutinib showed a similar safety profile in both groups. Conclusion Zanubrutinib in second‐line treatment was associated with significantly improved OS compared with later‐line treatment of R/R MCL.

Abstract Background Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. The emergence of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) has been described as a new prognostic factor in many types of tumors. Methods To investigate the morbidity, incidence, and survival of MPM in DLBCL, we retrospectively reviewed the characteristics of 788 patients with DLBCL. Results Forty‐two patients were diagnosed with MPM, and 22 of them were diagnosed with subsequent primary malignancies (SPM) by pathologic biopsy. The incidence of SPM was associated with older age. Germinal center B‐cell‐like (GCB) subtype and earlier Ann Arbor stage DLBCL patients were more prone to SPM. MPM, age, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), Hans classification, and international prognostic index (IPI) score were prognostic risk factors for overall survival (OS). Conclusion These data provide a comprehensive view of MPM in DLBCL. MPM was an independent prognostic factor of DLBCL in univariate analysis.

Vibration induced by marine power devices (MPD) transmitting to the hull structure is one of the most important factors that cause ship vibration and underwater sound radiation. Vibration isolation technologies (VIT) are widely applied to reduce the vibration transmission. However, the overweight issue of VIT for marine power devices is a currently challenging engineering problem. The current reserve of lightweight and high-efficiency VIT for MPD and relevant theoretical and design research are seriously insufficient. This article first elaborates the causes of the overweight problem of VIT for MPD: (1) failing to grasp the quantitative law; (2) single vibration suppression mechanism. Then, it systematically sorts out the technical methods and application examples with potential to solve the overweight problem, such as dynamic optimization design, lightweight material method, novel intermediate mass structures, distributed dynamic vibration absorbers (DDVAs), locally resonant structures (LRS), particle damping (PD), quasizero stiffness isolators (QZSI), and active vibration control (AVC) technologies. Finally, the future development of lightweight VIT for MPD is prospected. It can be used as a reference for marine vessel vibration attenuation research and engineering design.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the mechanisms of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach (ET‐BA) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The records of 416 PTC patients who underwent ET‐BA with intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) from May 2015 to May 2021 in Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were women. Mean age was 37.80 (7.87) years. The ET‐BA was performed in 416 patients. Overall incidence of RLN injury was 4.3% (18 patients). Injury was transient in 13 patients (3.1%) and permanent in five (1.2%). Macroscopic physical changes were apparent in the injured nerve in five patients (27.8%) and postoperative hoarseness or cough after drinking water were present in 11 (61.1%). Two RLN injuries occurred during nerve identification at the RLN laryngeal entry point into the surgical field, 15 during early nerve dissection somewhere between the first 0.5 and 2 cm of the nerve's course through the surgical field, and one occurred distal to 2 cm. The percentage of patients with separation, transection, traction and thermal mechanisms of injury was 27.8%, 22.2%, 22.2%, and 16.7%, respectively. The mechanism of injury was unknown in 11.1%. Conclusions RLN injury may still occur during ET‐BA despite endoscopic magnification and early nerve identification even when IONM is used. Separation, transection, and traction injuries were the most frequent causes of injury.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors of patients with temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) treated at our institution. Methods We retrospectively included patients who were diagnosed with TBSCC between 2008 and 2019. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method was used to describe overall survival (OS), and the association between baseline characteristics and prognoses was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Fifty consecutive patients with TBSCC were included in this study. The results showed that patients with advanced modified Pittsburgh (MPB)‐ T classifications had a poorer prognosis (T3 vs. T1‐2: HR: 2.81, 95% CI: 0.34–23.43; T4 vs. T1‐2: HR: 7.25, 95% CI: 0.95–55.41; p = 0.041). Meanwhile, middle ear squamous cell carcinoma (MESCC) showed a significantly worse prognosis than external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EACSCC, HR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.04–6.76, p = 0.04). Conclusions MESCC and advanced MPB‐T classifications might be considered predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with TBSCC, indicating that special attention should be paid to the original tumor subsite and tumor extension in the management of patients with TBSCC.

Abstract Introduction Analyzing longitudinal cancer quality‐of‐life (QoL) measurements and their impact on clinical outcomes may improve our understanding of patient trajectories during systemic therapy. We applied an unsupervised growth mixture modeling (GMM) approach to identify unobserved subpopulations (“patient clusters”) in the CO.20 clinical trial longitudinal QoL data. Classes were then evaluated for differences in clinico‐epidemiologic characteristics and overall survival (OS). Methods and Materials In CO.20, 750 chemotherapy‐refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were randomized to receive Brivanib+Cetuximab (n = 376, experimental arm) versus Cetuximab+Placebo (n = 374, standard arm) for 16 weeks. EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 QoL summary scores were calculated for each patient at seven time points, and GMM was applied to identify patient clusters (termed “classes”). Log‐rank/Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to analyze the survival performance between classes. Cox analyses were used to explore the relationship between baseline QoL, individual slope, and the quadratic terms from the GMM output with OS. Results In univariable analysis, the linear mixed effect model (LMM) identified sex and ECOG Performance Status as strongly associated with the longitudinal QoL score (p

Abstract Aims/Introduction In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) during a 6‐year follow‐up study of participants, and to determine whether GGT is a risk factor for FBG. Materials and Methods A total of 1,369 individuals from the health examination survey in the urban area of Xuzhou, central China, were followed up for 6 years. The patients were divided into four groups based on their baseline GGT levels (in quartiles). The one‐way analysis of variance (anova) method was used to compare the differences between the variables and baseline. The relationship between GGT and FBG levels was investigated using repeated measurements anova. Results The grouping of baseline GGT levels affected the changes in blood glucose during the 6‐year follow‐up study. In the GGT quartile subgroups, the annual mean increase in FBG levels showed a positive relationship with baseline GGT levels. This trend was even more aggregated in the highest baseline GGT group. Interactions among time course, baseline FBG and GGT groups in different participants together affected the change of FBG levels during the follow‐up period. The repeated measures anova suggested that different baseline GGT groups were still significantly associated with increased FBG levels. GGT is a risk factor that affects FBG levels(P

Abstract Traumatic heterotopic ossification (THO) represents one of the most prominent contributors to post‐traumatic joint dysfunction, which currently lacks an effective and definitive preventative approach. Inflammatory activation due to immune dyshomeostasis during the early stages of trauma is believed to be critical in initiating the THO disease process. This study proposes a dual‐homeostatic modulation (DHM) strategy to synergistically prevent THO without compromising normal trauma repair by maintaining immune homeostasis and inducing stem cell homeostasis. A methacrylate‐hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel spray device encapsulating a curcumin‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8@ceric oxide (ZIF‐8@CeO2, CZC) nanoparticles (CZCH) is designed. Photo‐crosslinked CZCH is used to form hydrogel films fleetly in periosteal soft tissues to achieve sustained curcumin and CeO2 nanoparticles release in response to acidity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inflammatory microenvironment. In vitro experiments and RNA‐seq results demonstrated that CZCH achieved dual‐homeostatic regulation of inflammatory macrophages and stem cells through immune repolarization and enhanced efferocytosis, maintaining immune cell homeostasis and normal differentiation. These findings of the DHM strategy are also validated by establishing THO mice and rat models. In conclusion, the CZCH hydrogel spray developed based on the DHM strategy enables synergistic THO prevention, providing a reference for a standard procedure of clinical operations.

Background Knowledge gaps remain in how gender‐related socioeconomic inequality affects sex disparities in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention and outcome. Methods and Results Based on a nationwide population cohort, we enrolled 3 737 036 residents aged 35 to 75 years (2014–2021). Age‐standardized sex differences and the effect of gender‐related socioeconomic inequality (Gender Inequality Index) on sex disparities were explored in 9 CVD prevention indicators. Compared with men, women had seemingly better primary prevention (aspirin usage: relative risk [RR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.18–1.31] and statin usage: RR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39–1.57]); however, women's status became insignificant or even worse when adjusted for metabolic factors. In secondary prevention, the sex disparities in usage of aspirin (RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.63–0.68]) and statin (RR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.61–0.66]) were explicitly larger than disparities in usage of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84–0.91]) or β blockers (RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.63–0.71]). Nevertheless, women had better hypertension awareness (RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.09–1.10]), similar hypertension control (RR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02]), and lower CVD mortality (hazard ratio, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.45–0.47]). Heterogeneities of sex disparities existed across all subgroups. Significant correlations existed between regional Gender Inequality Index values and sex disparities in usage of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (Spearman correlation coefficient, r=−0.57, P=0.0013), hypertension control (r=−0.62, P=0.0007), and CVD mortality (r=0.45, P=0.014), which remained significant after adjusting for economic factors. Conclusions Notable sex disparities remain in CVD prevention and outcomes, with large subgroup heterogeneities. Gendered socioeconomic factors could reinforce such disparities. A sex‐specific perspective factoring in socioeconomic disadvantages could facilitate more targeted prevention policy making.

BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a powerful approach to study potential causal associations between exposures and health outcomes by using genetic variants associated with an exposure as instrumental variables. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize previous MR studies and to evaluate the evidence for causality for a broad range of exposures in relation to coronary artery disease and stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS MR studies investigating the association of any genetically predicted exposure with coronary artery disease or stroke were identified. Studies were classified into 4 categories built on the significance of the main MR analysis results and its concordance with sensitivity analyses, namely, robust, probable, suggestive, and insufficient. Studies reporting associations that did not perform any sensitivity analysis were classified as nonevaluable. We identified 2725 associations eligible for evaluation, examining 535 distinct exposures. Of them, 141 were classified as robust, 353 as probable, 110 as suggestive, and 926 had insufficient evidence. The most robust associations were observed for anthropometric traits, lipids, and lipoproteins and type 2 diabetes with coronary artery; disease and clinical measurements with coronary artery disease and stroke; and thrombotic factors with stroke. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies that have been conducted, only a limited number of associations were supported by robust evidence. Approximately half of the studies reporting associations presented an MR sensitivity analysis along with the main analysis that further supported the causality of associations. Future research should focus on more thorough assessments of sensitivity MR analyses and further assessments of mediation effects or nonlinearity of associations.

Abstract The spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 hijacks the host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to meditate its entry and is the primary target for vaccine development. Nevertheless, SARS‐CoV‐2 keeps evolving and the latest Omicron subvariants BQ.1 and XBB have gained exceptional immune evasion potential through mutations in their spike proteins, leading to sharply reduced efficacy of current spike‐focused vaccines and therapeutics. Compared with the fast‐evolving spike protein, targeting host ACE2 offers an alternative antiviral strategy that is more resistant to viral evolution and can even provide broad prevention against SARS‐CoV and HCoV‐NL63. Here, we use prime editor (PE) to precisely edit ACE2 at structurally selected sites. We demonstrated that residue changes at Q24/D30/K31 and/or K353 of ACE2 could completely ablate the binding of tested viruses while maintaining its physiological role in host angiotensin II conversion. PE‐mediated ACE2 editing at these sites suppressed the entry of pseudotyped SARS‐CoV‐2 major variants of concern and even SARS‐CoV or HCoV‐NL63. Moreover, it significantly inhibited the replication of the Delta variant live virus. Our work investigated the unexplored application potential of prime editing in high‐risk infectious disease control and demonstrated that such gene editing‐based host factor reshaping strategy can provide broad‐spectrum antiviral activity and a high barrier to viral escape or resistance.

Abstract Post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) occurs after acute infectious diarrhea, and dysbiosis can be involved in its pathogenesis. Here, the role of chlorogenic acid (CGA) is investigated, a natural compound with several pharmacological properties, in alleviating PI‐IBS in rats. It is elucidated that the gut microbiota plays a key role in PI‐IBS pathogenesis and that rectal administration of CGA alleviated PI‐IBS by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites. CGA supplementation significantly increased fecal Bacteroides acidifaciens abundance and glycine levels. Glycine structurally altered B. acidifaciens extracellular vesicles (EVs) and enriched functional proteins in the EVs; glycine‐induced EVs alleviated PI‐IBS by reducing inflammation and hypersensitivity of the intestinal viscera and maintaining mucosal barrier function. Moreover, B. acidifaciens EVs are enriched in the brain tissue. Thus, CGA mediates the mitigation of PI‐IBS through the gut microbiota and its metabolites. This study proposes a novel mechanism of signal exchange between the gut microenvironment and the host.

Abstract Background The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging system focuses on traditional biological factors (BFs). The present study incorporates nonbiological factors (NBFs) into the AJCC‐TNM staging system in terms of the advanced clinical management and prognostic‐prediction accuracy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods Eight thousand three hundred and thirty eligible patients with PDAC were obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to testify the feasibility of cancer‐specific survival (CSS) prediction based on TNM‐NBF stages. Results The large population‐based study demonstrated that NBFs (insurance status, marital status, county‐level median household income, and unemployment) were significant prognostic indicators (p

Ibrutinib exerts promising anticancer effects in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). However, acquired resistance occurs during treatment, necessitating the exploration of underlying mechanisms. Although three‐dimensional genome organization has been identified as a major player in the development and progression of cancer, including drug resistance, little is known regarding its role in CLL. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ibrutinib resistance through multi‐omics analysis, including high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) technology. We demonstrated that the therapeutic response to ibrutinib is associated with the expression of p21‐activated kinase 1 (PAK1). PAK1, which was up‐regulated in CLL and associated with patients' survival, was involved in cell proliferation, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the PAK1 inhibitor IPA‐3 exerted an anti‐tumour effect and its combination with ibrutinib exhibited a synergistic effect in ibrutinib‐sensitive and ‐resistant cells. These findings suggest the oncogenic role of PAK1 in CLL progression and drug resistance, highlighting PAK1 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in CLL including ibrutinib‐resistant CLL.

Herein, point light detection and ranging inertial odometry (LIO) is presented: a robust and high‐bandwidth light detection and ranging (LiDAR) inertial odometry with the capability to estimate extremely aggressive robotic motions. Point‐LIO has two key novelties. The first one is a point‐by‐point LIO framework that updates the state at each LiDAR point measurement. This framework allows an extremely high‐frequency odometry output, significantly increases the odometry bandwidth, and fundamentally removes the artificial in‐frame motion distortion. The second one is a stochastic process‐augmented kinematic model which models the IMU measurement as an output. This new modeling method enables accurate localization and reliable mapping for aggressive motions even with inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements saturated in the middle of the motion. Various real‐world experiments are conducted for performance evaluation. Overall, Point‐LIO is capable to provide accurate, high‐frequency odometry (4–8 kHz) and reliable mapping under severe vibrations and aggressive motions with high angular velocity (75 rad s−1) beyond the IMU measuring ranges. Furthermore, an exhaustive benchmark comparison is conducted. Point‐LIO achieves consistently comparable accuracy and time consumption. Finally, two example applications of Point‐LIO are demonstrated, one is a racing drone and the other is a self‐rotating unmanned aerial vehicle, both have aggressive motions.

Abstract K‐rich adakite‐like rocks (KARs) in post‐collisional settings, such as in Tibet, have been widely linked with the melting of pre‐existing thickened crust. Here, we investigate geochemical data of the Late Eocene (38–34 Ma) volcanic rocks including KARs from the southern Qiangtang terrane (SQT) of central Tibet. The data reveal that: (a) the volcanic rocks define a fractionation trend from high‐K alkaline basalt to high‐K calc‐alkaline rhyolite, with a continuous compositional range and (b) they are characterized by a narrow range of depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions relative to the pre‐Eocene SQT crust. We contend that the KARs in the SQT resulted from fractional crystallization of hydrous, alkaline melts derived from the lithospheric mantle where fractionation was dominated by amphibole and plagioclase. Partial melting of the lithospheric mantle beneath the SQT was possibly triggered by thermal perturbations owing to the north‐directed subduction of the Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern Tibet.

Abstract This study considers the problem of fault estimation for rigid satellite in the presence of external disturbances, parameter perturbations, and actuator time‐varying faults. Firstly, a Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model with interval matrix for satellite attitude system under large attitude angle scope is established, along with a detailed analysis of actuator faults in terms of additive and multiplicative descriptions. Then, a novel fuzzy adaptive observer with adjustable parameter is proposed to estimate both system states and actuator faults. The estimated errors are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded, based on descriptor augmentation technique and Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed observer realizes a lower estimation performance index in terms of quantitative assessment compared to existing observer methods. Furthermore, an auxiliary optimization variable and the elimination method are applied to decrease the conservatism of the proposed design. And an intuitive quantitative performance index of fault estimation is introduced to obtain reliable evaluation and decision. Finally, numerical simulations and analyses of rigid satellite illustrate the effectiveness and benefit of the proposed strategy.

Abstract The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a quantum coherent transport phenomenon that conventionally vanishes at elevated temperatures because of thermal dephasing. Therefore, it is puzzling that the AHE can survive in heavy metal (HM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator (AFMI) heterostructures at high temperatures yet disappears at low temperatures. In this paper, an unconventional high‐temperature AHE in HM/AFMI is observed only around the Néel temperature of AFM, with large anomalous Hall resistivity up to 40 nΩ cm is reported. This mechanism is attributed to the emergence of a noncollinear AFM spin texture with a non‐zero net topological charge. Atomistic spin dynamics simulation shows that such a unique spin texture can be stabilized by the subtle interplay among the collinear AFM exchange coupling, interfacial Dyzaloshinski–Moriya interaction, thermal fluctuation, and bias magnetic field.

Herein, a kind of three-dimensional hollow Mg-Ca-Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLCs) microsphere was prepared by self-assembly of hydrotalcite-like nanosheets. Mg-Ca-Al HTLCs microsphere (MS) has large specific surface area and large pore size, and the modification of KF·2H2O increases numerous alkaline active sites on the surface of the catalyst. The prepared catalyst has excellent catalytic effect for the production of biodiesel by transesterification. Under the optimal conditions of the catalyst addition amount which accounts for 2% of the weight of oil, the biodiesel yield of the best catalyst is as high as 92% within 30 minutes. This article also provides a paradigm of a rational structural design for regulating the morphology of HTLCs.

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on preventing colon polyp recurrence and inhibiting the progress of “inflammatory cancer transformation.” And another goal is to explore the changes of intestinal flora structure and intestinal inflammatory (immune) microenvironment of mice with colon polyps treated by Qinghua Jianpi Recipe and to clarify its mechanism. Methods. Clinical trials were conducted to confirm the therapeutic effect of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The inhibitory effect of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on “inflammatory cancer transformation” of colon cancer was confirmed by an adenoma canceration mouse model. Histopathological examination was used to evaluate the effects of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on intestinal inflammatory state, adenoma number, and pathological changes of adenoma model mice. The changes of inflammatory indexes in intestinal tissue were tested by ELISA. Intestinal flora was detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Short-chain fatty acid metabolism in the intestine was analyzed by targeted metabolomics. Network pharmacology analysis of possible mechanism of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on colorectal cancer was performed. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of the related signaling pathways. Results. Qinghua Jianpi Recipe can significantly improve intestinal inflammation status and function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Qinghua Jianpi Recipe could significantly improve the intestinal inflammatory activity and pathological damage of adenoma model mice and reduce the number of adenoma. Qinghua Jianpi Recipe significantly increased the levels of Peptostreptococcales_Tissierellales, NK4A214_group, Romboutsia, and other intestinal flora after intervention. Meanwhile, the treatment group of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe could reverse the changes of short-chain fatty acids. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental studies showed that Qinghua Jianpi Recipe inhibited the “inflammatory cancer transformation” of colon cancer by regulating intestinal barrier function-related proteins, inflammatory and immune-related signaling pathways, and free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2). Conclusion. Qinghua Jianpi Recipe can improve the intestinal inflammatory activity and pathological damage of patient and adenoma cancer model mice. And its mechanism is related to the regulation of intestinal flora structure and abundance, short-chain fatty acid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory pathways.

An 8-week growth experiment was conducted to investigate effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation-related gene expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (initial weight of 12.90±0.02 g) fed diets with high level of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP). In the negative control diet, 40% fish meal was used as the major source of protein (named as FM), while 45% fish meal protein of FM was substituted with CAP (named as FC) to form a positive control diet. Based on the FC diet, grade levels of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% tributyrin were added to formulate other five experimental diets. Results showed that fish fed diets with high levels of CAP significantly decreased the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared with fish fed the FM diet (P

Abstract Background A universally acknowledged cancer staging system considering all aspects of the T‐, N‐, and M‐classifications for middle ear squamous cell carcinoma (MESCC) remains absent, limiting the clinical management of MESCC patients. Materials and Methods A total of 214 MESCC patients were extracted from the SEER (the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database between 1973 and 2016. The relationships between patient’s characteristics and prognoses were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Novel staging schemes for MESCC were designed by adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) modeling method according to the combinations of Stell’s T‐classification and the eighth AJCC N‐ and M‐classifications, of which performances were evaluated based on five criteria: hazard consistency, hazard discrimination, explained variation, likelihood difference, and balance. Results T‐classification was the most significant prognostic factor for MESCC patients in multivariable analysis (p = 0.021). The N‐ and M‐classifications also had obvious prognostic effect but were not statistically significant by multivariate analysis due to the limited metastasis events. Three novel staging schemes (AHR‐Ⅰ–Ⅲ models, different combination of T‐ and N‐classifications) and ST (solely derived from Stell’s T‐classification) were developed, among which the AHR‐Ⅰ staging scheme performed best. Conclusions Tumor extension, quantified by Stell’s T‐classification, is the most significant prognostic factor for MESCC patients. However, our AHR‐Ⅰ staging scheme, a comprehensive staging scheme that integrating T‐, N‐, and M‐classifications, might be an optimal option for clinical practitioners to predict MESCC patients’ prognosis and make proper clinical decisions.

Abstract A scheme to implement the Jerk form of the Chua system family using a controllable canonical form applied in linear systems is proposed. The main thought is that the nonlinear function with a single independent variable input can be superposed by a multiple linear function, which is regarded as the input of the system, and its single variable is regarded as the output of the system. Its state space could be reconstructed into the controllable canonical form. The output after transformation is fed back to the nonlinear function as its input independent variable, thus the controllable canonical form is transformed into the Jerk form of the Chua’s chaotic system. All Jerk forms of three‐order Chua system, and part Jerk forms of four‐order Chua system are presented. Analysis of the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, eigenvalues of the original three‐order, four‐order Chua systems and their Jerk forms, and the same values demonstrate the equivalent of the systems for both structures. According to the complexity and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test results, the pseudo‐random performance of the chaotic sequence brought by the Jerk forms of the Chua system is better. The simplest unified circuit block diagram for the Jerk forms of the Chua’s family is also given. By changing their resistance parameters, the bifurcation diagrams show that Jerk forms’ systems are entering chaos, these circuits implement results of 2–6 scroll attractors. Experimental observations are provided for confirmation.

Abstract In situ X‐ray computed tomography (X‐ray CT) is used to investigate the effects of characteristic microstructural features on the pitting initiation and propagation in austenitic stainless steel specimens prepared with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing. In situ X‐ray CT in probing the mechanism and kinetics of localized corrosion is demonstrated by immersing two LPBF specimens with different porosities in an aggressive ferric chloride solution for the evaluation of corrosion. X‐ray CT images are acquired from the specimens after every 8 hours of immersion over an extended period of time (216 hours). Corrosion pit growth is then quantitatively analyzed with a data‐constrained modeling method. The pitting growth mechanism of LPBF stainless steel is found to be different from that of conventional stainless steels. More specifically, the mechanism of corrosion pit initiation is closely correlated with the original lack of fusion porosity (LOF) distribution on the surface of the specimens and preferential pit propagation through the LOF pores inside the specimens. Pit growth kinetics are derived from pit volume changes determined through 3D data analysis. The pit growth kinetics in LPBF specimens are found to vary in the initial pit formation, competitive pit propagation, and the dominant pit growth stages.

Abstract Combination of computed tomography (CT) radiography and deep learning to predict subsequent osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) has not been reported. To do so, we analyzed retrospectively CT images from 103 patients who experienced twice OVCF in Tongji Hospital from 2011 to 2022. Meanwhile, CT images from 70 age‐matched osteoporotic patients without vertebral fracture were used as the negative control. Convolutional neural network was used for classification and the Adam optimizer combining the momentum and exponentially weighted moving average gradients methods were used to update the weights of the networks. In the prediction model, we split 80% data of each type of the patient as the training group, while the other 20% was held as the independent testing group. We found that the number of subsequent fracture in women is higher than that in men (81 vs. 22). Additionally, the incidence rate of adjacent vertebral fracture is higher than that of remote vertebral fracture (64.1 vs. 35.9%), while the onset time of the former was 11.9 ± 12.8 months, significantly less than 22.3 ± 18.2 months of the latter (p

Abstract Developing a self‐reporting bioadhesive patch that has strong adhesion to the wet tissues and meanwhile can avoid adhering to the adjacent tissues is a current research difficulty and challenge. In this paper, inspired by the wet adhesion of spider web, slippery surface of Nepenthes, and structural color phenomena of chameleons, a novel structural color medical patch with surface dual‐properties of wet bioadhesion and slipperiness for internal tissue repair based on inverse opal scaffold is presented. The adhesive surface made by poly(acrylic acid)–polyethylene glycol–N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester and gelatin hydrogel can attain tough adhesion to internal wet tissues by absorbing tissue interfacial water and the covalent cross‐linking between the hydrogel and tissue. Besides, the slippery surface made by liquid paraffin infused inverse opal scaffold can avoid adhesion to the adjacent tissues. It is demonstrated that the designed patch can adhere tightly to the defect tissue and improve the tissue repair without adjacent adhesion when applied in a rat model with full‐thickness perforation of the stomach wall. In addition, the responsive structural color can supply a color‐sensing monitoring to evaluate the adhesive and repair process. These features impart the bioinspired patch with great scientific significance and broad clinical application prospects.

Abstract To date, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic affinities within Hyphessobrycon, even among other genera in Characidae, remain unclear. Here, we determined five new mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Hyphessobrycon species (H. elachys, H. flammeus, H. pulchripinnis, H. roseus, and H. sweglesi). The mitogenomes were all classical circular structures, with lengths ranging from 16,008 to 17,224 bp. The type of constitutive genes and direction of the coding strand that appeared in the mitogenomes were identical to those of other species in Characidae. The highest value of the Ka/Ks ratio within 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs) was found in ND2 with 0.83, suggesting that they were subject to purifying selection in the Hyphessobrycon genus. Comparison of the control region sequences among seven Hyphessobrycon fish revealed that repeat units differ in length and copy number across different species, which led to sharp differences in mitogenome sizes. Phylogenetic trees based on the 13 PCGs did not support taxonomic relationships, as the Hyphessobrycon fish mixed with those from other genera. These data were combined to explore higher level relationships within Characidae and could aid in the understanding of the evolution of this group.