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1. Histomorphological Alterations of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts During Mid‐Term and Long‐Term Remodeling

Author

Hermann O. Mayr, Amelie Stoehr, Katrin T. Herberger, Florian Haasters, Anke Bernstein, Hagen Schmal, and Wolf C. Prall

Subjects
ACL, Anterior cruciate ligament, Ligamentization, Reconstruction, Remodeling, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Objective The aim of the present paper is to analyze mid‐term and long‐term alterations of human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts during the remodeling process with special regards to cellularity, α‐smooth muscle protein (αSMP) expression, and crimp length in comparison to the native ACL. Methods A total of 34 patients were included (23 male and 11 female). Biopsies of 13 semitendinosus tendon and 14 patellar tendon autografts were obtained during surgical revision secondary to an ACL reconstruction. According to the interval between the index procedure and sample collection, the patients were divided into four groups: 4–12 months, 13–60 months, 61–108 months, and >108 months. Seven samples of native ruptured ACL tissue obtained during surgical intervention served as control. All biopsies were taken from the intraligamentous part of the ACL or the graft. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted after samples were stained using hematoxylin–eosin, Giemsa, and αSMP enzyme‐labeled antibodies. The total cell density, the numbers of fibroblasts and fibrocytes, the fibroblast/fibrocyte ratio, the number of αSMP+ cell nuclei, and the percentage of αSMP+ cells per fibroblast as well as the crimp lengths were determined using light microscopy. Results In the early phase of remodeling, the grafts featured extensively high total cell counts (1021.2 ± 327.8, P = 0.001), with high numbers of fibroblasts (841.4 ± 245.2, P = 0.002), fibrocytes (174.5 ± 113.0, P = 0.04), and αSMP+ cells (78.3 ± 95.0, P = 0.02) compared to controls (390.1 ± 141.7, 304.5 ± 160.8, 65.6 ± 31.4 and 2.3 ± 2.6, respectively). Thereafter, the numbers of all cell entities decreased. After more than 108 months, the percentage of αSMP+ cells per fibroblast reached physiological values (ratio 1.3 ± 1.0, P = 0.41; control 0.8 ± 0.8), while the total cell count (834.3 ± 183.7, P = 0.001) as well as the numbers of fibroblasts (663.5 ± 192.6, P = 0.006) and fibrocytes (134.1 ± 73.0, P = 0.049) remained significantly high. The fibroblast/fibrocyte ratio showed no significant alterations over the course of time compared to the controls. The collagen crimp lengths were elongated by tendency in the early phase (28.8 ± 12.9 mm, P = 0.15; control 20.7 ± 2.2 mm) and significantly shortened over time, with the lowest values in the long term (14.8 ± 2.0 mm, P = 0.001). The comparison of biopsies from semitendinosus tendon and patellar tendon autografts revealed no significant differences for any of the histomorphological parameters investigated. Conclusion This study reveals distinctive mid‐term and long‐term immunomorphological alterations during human ACL graft remodeling. These data clearly indicate that the remodeling is a process that continues for 9 years or more. Furthermore, it seems to be a process of adaptation rather than full restoration. Even in the long run, several biological properties of the native ACL are not completely reestablished.

Published
2021
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5. Resilience trinity: Safeguarding ecosystem functioning and services across three different time horizons and decision contexts

Author

Weise, H., Auge, H., Baessler, C., Bärlund, I., Bennett, E.M., Berger, U., Bohn, F., Bonn, A., Borchardt, D., Brand, F., Chatzinotas, A., Corstanje, R., De Laender, F., Dietrich, P., Dunker, S., Durka, W., Fazey, I., Groeneveld, J., Guilbaud, C.S.E., Harms, H., Harpole, S., Harris, J., Jax, K., Jeltsch, F., Johst, K., Joshi, J., Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Kuhlicke, C., Müller, B., Radchuk, V., Reuter, H., Rinke, K., Schmitt‐Jansen, M., Seppelt, R., Singer, A., Standish, R.J., Thulke, H‐H, Tietjen, B., Weitere, M., Wirth, C., Wolf, C., Grimm, V., Weise, H., Auge, H., Baessler, C., Bärlund, I., Bennett, E.M., Berger, U., Bohn, F., Bonn, A., Borchardt, D., Brand, F., Chatzinotas, A., Corstanje, R., De Laender, F., Dietrich, P., Dunker, S., Durka, W., Fazey, I., Groeneveld, J., Guilbaud, C.S.E., Harms, H., Harpole, S., Harris, J., Jax, K., Jeltsch, F., Johst, K., Joshi, J., Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Kuhlicke, C., Müller, B., Radchuk, V., Reuter, H., Rinke, K., Schmitt‐Jansen, M., Seppelt, R., Singer, A., Standish, R.J., Thulke, H‐H, Tietjen, B., Weitere, M., Wirth, C., Wolf, C., and Grimm, V.

Abstract

Ensuring ecosystem resilience is an intuitive approach to safeguard the functioning of ecosystems and hence the future provisioning of ecosystem services (ES). However, resilience is a multi‐faceted concept that is difficult to operationalize. Focusing on resilience mechanisms, such as diversity, network architectures or adaptive capacity, has recently been suggested as means to operationalize resilience. Still, the focus on mechanisms is not specific enough. We suggest a conceptual framework, resilience trinity, to facilitate management based on resilience mechanisms in three distinctive decision contexts and time‐horizons: 1) reactive, when there is an imminent threat to ES resilience and a high pressure to act, 2) adjustive, when the threat is known in general but there is still time to adapt management and 3) provident, when time horizons are very long and the nature of the threats is uncertain, leading to a low willingness to act. Resilience has different interpretations and implications at these different time horizons, which also prevail in different disciplines. Social ecology, ecology and engineering are often implicitly focussing on provident, adjustive or reactive resilience, respectively, but these different notions of resilience and their corresponding social, ecological and economic tradeoffs need to be reconciled. Otherwise, we keep risking unintended consequences of reactive actions, or shying away from provident action because of uncertainties that cannot be reduced. The suggested trinity of time horizons and their decision contexts could help ensuring that longer‐term management actions are not missed while urgent threats to ES are given priority.

Published
2020

6. The impact of thermal seasonality on terrestrial endotherm food web dynamics: a revision of the Exploitation Ecosystem Hypothesis

Author

Oksanen, T., Oksanen, L., Vuorinen, K.E.M., Wolf, C., Mäkynen, A., Olofsson, J., Ripple, W.J., Virtanen, Risto, Utsi, T.A., Oksanen, T., Oksanen, L., Vuorinen, K.E.M., Wolf, C., Mäkynen, A., Olofsson, J., Ripple, W.J., Virtanen, Risto, and Utsi, T.A.

Abstract

Many terrestrial endotherm food webs constitute three trophic level cascades. Others have two trophic level dynamics (food limited herbivores; plants adapted to tackle intense herbivory) or one trophic level dynamic (herbivorous endotherms absent, thus plants compete for the few places where they can survive and grow). According to the Exploitation Ecosystems Hypothesis (EEH), these contrasting dynamics are consequences of differences in primary productivity. The productivity thresholds for changing food web dynamics were assumed to be global constants. We challenged this assumption and found that several model parameters are sensitive to the contrast between persistently warm and seasonally cold climates. In persistently warm environments, three trophic level dynamics can be expected to prevail almost everywhere, save the most extreme deserts. We revised EEH accordingly and tested it by compiling direct evidence of three and two trophic level dynamics and by studying the global distribution of felids. In seasonally cold environments, we found evidence for three trophic level dynamics only in productive ecosystems, while evidence for two trophic level dynamics appeared in ecosystems with low primary productivity. In persistently warm environments, we found evidence for three trophic level dynamics in all types of ecosystems. The distribution of felids corroborated these results. The empirical evidence thus indicates that two trophic level dynamics, as defined by EEH, are restricted to seasonally cold biomes with low primary productivity, such as the artic–alpine tundra and the temperate steppe.

Published
2020

7. Resilience trinity: safeguarding ecosystem functioning and services across three different time horizons and decision contexts

Author

Weise, Hanna, Auge, Harald, Baessler, Cornelia, Bärlund, Ilona, Bennett, E.M., Berger, U., Bohn, Friedrich, Bonn, Aletta, Borchardt, Dietrich, Brand, F., Chatzinotas, Antonis, Corstanje, R., De Laender, F., Dietrich, Peter, Dunker, Susanne, Durka, Walter, Fazey, I., Groeneveld, Jürgen, Guilbaud, C.S.E., Harms, Hauke, Harpole, William Stanley, Harris, J., Jax, Kurt, Jeltsch, F., Johst, Karin, Joshi, J., Klotz, Stefan, Kühn, Ingolf, Kuhlicke, Christian, Müller, Birgit, Radchuk, V., Reuter, H., Rinke, Karsten, Schmitt-Jansen, Mechthild, Seppelt, Ralf, Singer, A., Standish, R.J., Thulke, Hans-Hermann, Tietjen, B., Weitere, Markus, Wirth, C., Wolf, C., Grimm, Volker, Weise, Hanna, Auge, Harald, Baessler, Cornelia, Bärlund, Ilona, Bennett, E.M., Berger, U., Bohn, Friedrich, Bonn, Aletta, Borchardt, Dietrich, Brand, F., Chatzinotas, Antonis, Corstanje, R., De Laender, F., Dietrich, Peter, Dunker, Susanne, Durka, Walter, Fazey, I., Groeneveld, Jürgen, Guilbaud, C.S.E., Harms, Hauke, Harpole, William Stanley, Harris, J., Jax, Kurt, Jeltsch, F., Johst, Karin, Joshi, J., Klotz, Stefan, Kühn, Ingolf, Kuhlicke, Christian, Müller, Birgit, Radchuk, V., Reuter, H., Rinke, Karsten, Schmitt-Jansen, Mechthild, Seppelt, Ralf, Singer, A., Standish, R.J., Thulke, Hans-Hermann, Tietjen, B., Weitere, Markus, Wirth, C., Wolf, C., and Grimm, Volker

Abstract

Ensuring ecosystem resilience is an intuitive approach to safeguard the functioning of ecosystems and hence the future provisioning of ecosystem services (ES). However, resilience is a multi‐faceted concept that is difficult to operationalize. Focusing on resilience mechanisms, such as diversity, network architectures or adaptive capacity, has recently been suggested as means to operationalize resilience. Still, the focus on mechanisms is not specific enough. We suggest a conceptual framework, resilience trinity, to facilitate management based on resilience mechanisms in three distinctive decision contexts and time‐horizons: 1) reactive, when there is an imminent threat to ES resilience and a high pressure to act, 2) adjustive, when the threat is known in general but there is still time to adapt management, and 3) provident, when time horizons are very long and the nature of the threats is uncertain, leading to a low willingness to act. Resilience has different interpretations and implications at these different time horizons, which also prevail in different disciplines. Social ecology, ecology, and engineering are often implicitly focussing on provident, adjustive, or reactive resilience, respectively, but these different notions of resilience and their corresponding social, ecological, and economic tradeoffs need to be reconciled. Otherwise, we keep risking unintended consequences of reactive actions, or shying away from provident action because of uncertainties that cannot be reduced. The suggested trinity of time horizons and their decision contexts could help ensuring that longer‐term management actions are not missed while urgent threats to ES are given priority.

Published
2020

8. The sflt-1/plgf ratio test in pre-eclampsia: an economic assessment for the UK

Author

Vatish, M, Strunz-McKendry, T, Hund, M, Allegranza, D, Wolf, C, and Smare, C

Subjects
embryonic structures
Abstract

To assess the economic impact of introducing the soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio test into clinical practice in the United Kingdom (UK).Economic model estimating the incremental value of the information from a UK National Health Service (NHS) payer perspective generated by the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test, compared with current diagnostic procedures, in guiding the management of women with suspected pre-eclampsia. The economic model estimated costs associated with the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia in women between 24 weeks and 36 weeks + 6 days of gestation managed in either a 'test' scenario in which the sFlt-1/PlGF test is used in addition to current diagnostic procedures, or a 'no-test' scenario in which clinical decisions are based on current diagnostic procedures alone. Test characteristics and resource use were derived from PROGNOSIS, a non-interventional study in women presenting with clinical suspicion of pre-eclampsia. The main outcome measure from the economic model was the cost per patient per episode of care (from first suspicion of pre-eclampsia to birth).Introduction of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test is expected to result in cost savings of £344 per patient compared with a 'no-test' scenario. Savings are generated primarily through an improvement in diagnostic accuracy and a reduction in unnecessary hospitalisation.The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test has the potential to improve clinical decision-making, reducing unnecessary hospitalisation of women at low risk of developing pre-eclampsia, and ensuring that those women at higher risk are identified and managed appropriately.

Published
2016
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12. Protist distribution in the Western Fram Strait in summer 2010 based on 454 pyrosequencing of the 18S rDNA

Author

Kilias, E., Wolf, C., Nöthig, E.-M., Peeken, Ilka, Metfies, K., Kilias, E., Wolf, C., Nöthig, E.-M., Peeken, Ilka, and Metfies, K.

Abstract

In this study, we present the first comprehensive analyses of the diversity and distribution of marine protist (micro-, nano-, and picoeukaryotes) in the Western Fram Strait, using 454-pyrosequencing and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) at five stations in summer 2010. Three stations (T1; T5; T7) were influenced by Polar Water, characterized by cold water with lower salinity (<33) and different extents of ice concentrations. Atlantic Water influenced the other two stations (T6; T9). While T6 was located in the mixed water zone characterized by cold water with intermediate salinity (~33) and high ice concentrations, T9 was located in warm water with high salinity (~35) and no ice-coverage at all. General trends in community structure according to prevailing environmental settings, observed with both methods, coincided well. At two stations, T1 and T7, characterized by lower ice concentrations, diatoms (Fragilariopsis sp., Porosira sp., Thalassiosira spp.) dominated the protist community. The third station (T5) was ice-covered, but has been ice-free for ~4 weeks prior to sampling. At this station, dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae 1, Woloszynskia sp. and Gyrodinium sp.) were dominant, reflecting a post-bloom situation. At station T6 and T9, the protist communities consisted mainly of picoeukaryotes, e.g., Micromonas spp. Based on our results, 454-pyrosequencing has proven to be an adequate tool to provide comprehensive information on the composition of protist communities. Furthermore, this study suggests that a snap-shot of a few, but well-chosen samples can provide an overview of community structure patterns and succession in a dynamic marine environment.

Published
2013
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30. The Ets transcription factor ESE‐1 mediates induction of the COX‐2 gene by LPS in monocytes

Author

Grall, Franck T., primary, Prall, Wolf C., additional, Wei, Wanjiang, additional, Gu, Xuesong, additional, Cho, Je‐Yoel, additional, Choy, Bob K., additional, Zerbini, Luiz F., additional, Inan, Mehmet S., additional, Goldring, Steven R., additional, Gravallese, Ellen M., additional, Goldring, Mary B., additional, Oettgen, Peter, additional, and Libermann, Towia A., additional

Published
2005
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37. Protein expression profiling of glutathione S‐transferase pi null mice as a strategy to identify potential markers of resistance to paracetamol‐induced toxicity in the liver

Author

Kitteringham, Neil R., primary, Powell, Helen, additional, Jenkins, Rosalind E., additional, Hamlett, Jane, additional, Lovatt, Cerys, additional, Elsby, Robert, additional, Henderson, Colin J., additional, Wolf, C. Roland, additional, Pennington, Stephen R., additional, and Park, B. Kevin, additional

Published
2003
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