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To cite this article: Sander I, Rozynek P, Rihs H-P, van Kampen V, Chew FT, Lee WS, Kotschy-Lang N, Merget R, Bruning T, Raulf-Heimsoth M. Multiple wheat flour allergens and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants bind IgE in baker’s asthma. Allergy 2011; 66: 1208–1215. Abstract Background: Several wheat flour allergens relevant to baker’s asthma have been identified in the last 25 years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sensitization to these allergens in German bakers. Methods: Using recombinant DNA technology, the following wheat flour allergens were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified: five subunits of the wheat α-amylase inhibitors (WTAI-CM1, WTAI-CM2, WTAI-CM3, WDAI-0.19 and WMAI-0.28), thioredoxin, thiol reductase or 1-cys-peroxiredoxin homologues, triosephosphate-isomerase, αβ-gliadin, serpin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP), dehydrin, profilin and peroxidase. In addition, ImmunoCAPs with the recombinant allergen ω-5-gliadin and two cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs), horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and the N-glycan of bromelain (MUXF), were used. Specific IgE was measured in wheat flour-positive sera from 40 German bakers with work-related asthma/rhinitis and 10 controls with pollinosis. Results: Thirty bakers (75%) had IgE to at least one of the 19 single allergens. Most frequent was IgE to WDAI-0.19, HRP and MUXF (25% each), followed by WTAI-CM1 (20%), thiol reductase (16%), WTAI-CM3 (15%), WTAI-CM2 and thioredoxin (12.5%), WMAI-28, triosephosphate-isomerase, αβ-gliadin (10%), 1-cys-peroxiredoxin (7.5%), dehydrin, serpin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (5%), ω-5-gliadin, nsLTP and profilin (2.5%). Fifteen bakers (38%) had IgE to any α-amylase inhibitor and 12 (30%) to at least one CCD. The controls reacted exclusively to CCDs (80%), profilin (60%), thioredoxin (30%), triosephosphate isomerase and nsLTP (10%). Conclusions: The single allergen sensitization profiles obtained with 17 recombinant wheat flour allergens and two CCDs revealed no major allergen for German bakers. The highest frequencies were found for α-amylase inhibitors and CCDs.

We have developed a novel class of synthetic molecular transport- ers that contain eight residues of guani- dine with an inositol dimer as the scaf- fold. The dimers were prepared by con- necting two units of myo -o rscyllo-ino- sitol via a carbonate or amide linkage, and the multiple units of the guanidine functionality were constructed on the inositol scaffold by means of peracyla- tion with w-aminocarboxylate deriva- tives of varying length. Bioassays based on confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses indicated that these transport- ers display a varying degree of mem- brane translocating ability, and the in- tracellular localization and mouse- tissue distribution studies strongly sug- gested that these transporters undergo substantially different mechanistic pro- cesses from those of peptide transport- ers reported to date. It was also shown that doxorubicin, an anticancer antibi- otic, can be efficiently delivered into mouse brain by aid of this type of transporter.