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92 results on '"Wray, C."'

49. Gestural abilities of children with specific language impairment.

Author

Wray C, Norbury CF, and Alcock K

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, Comprehension, Female, Humans, Language Development Disorders psychology, Male, Speech Production Measurement, Statistics as Topic, Vocabulary, Aptitude, Gestures, Language Development Disorders diagnosis
Abstract

Background: Specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when language is significantly below chronological age expectations in the absence of other developmental disorders, sensory impairments or global developmental delays. It has been suggested that gesture may enhance communication in children with SLI by providing an alternative means to convey words or extend utterances. However, gesture is a complex task that requires the integration of social, cognitive and motor skills, skills that some children with SLI may find challenging. In addition, there is reason to believe that language and gesture form an integrated system leading to the prediction that children with a SLI may also have difficulties with gestural communication., Aims: To explore the link between language and gesture in children with poor language skills., Methods & Procedure: Fifteen children with SLI and 14 age-matched typically developing children (TD) participated in this study. The children completed measures of expressive and receptive vocabulary, non-verbal cognition, motor control, gesture comprehension and gesture production., Outcomes & Results: TD children achieved significantly higher scores on measures of gesture production and gesture comprehension relative to children with SLI. Significant correlations between both measures of vocabulary and both measures of gesture suggest a tight link between language and gesture., Conclusions & Implications: The findings support the idea that gesture and language form one integrated communication system, rather than two separate communication modalities. This implies that children with SLI may have underlying deficits that impact not only on language but also on gesture production and comprehension., (© 2015 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.)

Published
2016
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50. Natural and experimental infection of normal cattle with Escherichia coli O157.

Author

Wray C, McLaren IM, Randall LP, and Pearson GR

Subjects
Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases pathology, Escherichia coli Infections pathology, Feces microbiology, Female, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Escherichia coli Infections veterinary, Escherichia coli O157 isolation & purification
Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of inoculating cattle orally with a strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (A84/92). However, before they were challenged two of the six calves were found to be infected naturally with a wild-type strain of E coli O157 and two more of them became infected later. The number of daily faeces samples from which the wild-type E coli O157 was isolated ranged from one to 10. After they were inoculated, A84/92 was detected in all the calves' faeces on one to six of the next 14 days, and later from the faeces samples of three calves on two, three, and 11 occasions, the last occasion being between 19 and 51 days after inoculation. Two calves were redosed with A84/92, and the organism was isolated on a further five and 15 occasions, the last being after 20 and 58 days. In three dry cows, A84/92 was isolated from the faeces on three to 11 of the 14 days after they were inoculated. Two of the cows were redosed and from one of them it was isolated on 15 occasions, the last being 44 days after the initial infection; in the other cow no further isolation was made. In three lactating cows, it was detected on three to four of the 14 days after they were inoculated, and similar results were obtained after they were reinoculated. None of the animals showed clinical signs and no lesions were detected in the intestines of the calves. Three calves had a serological response to E coli O157 but, with the exception of one cow which had a slight increase to IgM levels, no serological changes were observed in the adult cattle.

Published
2000
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