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Background Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer for males worldwide, but the spatial and temporal trends of prostate cancer burden remain unknown in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the changing spatial and temporal trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of prostate cancer, and their association with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) in 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, covering 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. The average annual percent change was calculated to evaluate temporal trends. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to obtain spatial patterns, and the association between SDI and prostate cancer burden was estimated using a spatial panel model. Results In Asia, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer increased in almost all countries, and its mortality and DALY also increased in over half of the countries. Significantly regional disparities were found in Asia, and the hot spots for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY were all located in Western Asia, the hot spots of percent change also occurred in Western Asia for incidence and DALY. Furthermore, SDI had a positive association with mortality (coef = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-2.90) and negative association with DALY (coef = -14.99, 95% CI: -20.37 to -9.60) and MIR (coef = -0.95, 95%CI: -0.99 to -0.92). Conclusions Prostate cancer burden increased rapidly throughout Asia and substantial disparities had persisted between countries. Geographically targeted interventions are needed to reduce the prostate cancer burden throughout Asia and in specific countries.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a vital virulence factor of Fusarium graminearum, which causes Fusarium head blight (FHB). We recently found that validamycin A (VMA), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can be used to control FHB and inhibit DON contamination, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that both neutral and acid trehalase (FgNTH and FgATH) are the targets of VMA in F. graminearum, and the deficiency of FgNTH and FgATH reduces the sensitivity to VMA by 2.12‐ and 1.79‐fold, respectively, indicating that FgNTH is the main target of VMA. We found FgNTH is responsible for vegetative growth, FgATH is critical to sexual reproduction, and both of them play an important role in conidiation and virulence in F. graminearum. We found that FgNTH resided in the cytoplasm, affected the localization of FgATH, and positively regulated DON biosynthesis; however, FgATH resided in vacuole and negatively regulated DON biosynthesis. FgNTH interacted with FgPK (pyruvate kinase), a key enzyme in glycolysis, and the interaction was reduced by VMA; the deficiency of FgNTH affected the localization of FgPK under DON induction condition. Strains with a deficiency of FgNTH were more sensitive to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. FgNTH regulated the expression level of FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B by interacting with FgCYP51B. Taken together, VMA inhibits DON biosynthesis by targeting FgNTH and reducing the interaction between FgNTH and FgPK, and synergizes with DMI fungicides against F. graminearum by decreasing FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B expression., VMA inhibits DON biosynthesis by reducing the interaction between FgNTH and FgPK, and synergizes with demethylation inhibitor fungicides against Fusarium graminearum via the interaction between FgNTH with FgCYP51B.

Aims To investigate secular trends in severe periodontitis incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates in China, India, Japan, South Korea and Thailand from 1990 to 2017. Materials and methods Data were obtained from the "Global Burden of Disease Study" 2017. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change were calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. The independent age, period and cohort effects were estimated by age-period-cohort analysis. Results From 1990 to 2017, the overall age-standardized incidence, prevalence and DALY rates increased in China, Japan and India, while decreasing in South Korea and Thailand. The highest incidence, prevalence and DALY rates were in India. By APC analysis, the age effect presented increase in 20-59 years in China, Japan and South Korea, 20-54 years in India and 20-64 years in Thailand; the period effect showed progressive increases in five countries, with the most significant increase shown in China; the cohort effect showed monotonic decreases with birth cohort in five countries. Conclusions Severe periodontitis poses a serious burden in Asian countries, especially China and India. We suggest raising people's awareness of periodontal health and providing professional interventions in these countries, especially for high-risk groups, such as younger people aged ≤65 years.

Nowadays, human microbiome research is rapidly growing and emerging evidence has witnessed the critical role that oral microbiome plays in the process of human health and disease. Oral microbial dysbiosis has been confirmed as a contributory cause for diseases in multiple body systems, ranging from the oral cavity to the gastrointestinal, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and even nervous system. As research progressing, oral microbiome‐based diagnosis and therapy are proposed and applied, which may represent potential drug targets in systemic diseases. Recent studies have uncovered the possible association between periodontal disease and prostatic disease, suggesting new prevention and therapeutic treatment for the disease by targeting periodontal pathogens. Thus, we performed this review to first explore the association between the oral microbiome and prostatic disease, according to current knowledge based on published articles, and then mainly focus on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and the potential prevention and treatment derived from these mechanistic studies.

Porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) that feature a high density of phenyl rings in their robust frameworks are attractive platforms for catalysis because of their extremely high stability, high surface area, and adjustable pore size. In this paper, two PAF-supported ionic liquids were constructed by introducing ionic liquid units onto the framework of a PAF material PAF-111 using a series of stepwise post-synthetic modifications. The basic PAF-supported ionic liquid with a hydroxy anion exhibited high catalytic activity and high stability, and could undergo at least 10 cycles without any activity loss when catalyzing Knoevenagel condensation reaction under aqueous conditions. It is expected that our study will further promote the development of designing and applying functional PAF materials for catalysis in aqueous systems.

Periodontal disease is linked to a number of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Recent evidence has suggested periodontal disease might be associated with lung cancer. However, their precise relationship is yet to be explored. Hence, this study aims to investigate the association of periodontal disease and risk of incident lung cancer using a meta-analytic approach.PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched up to June 10, 2015. Cohort and nested case-control studies investigating risk of lung cancer in patients with periodontal disease were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated, as were their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed-effect inverse-variance model. Statistical heterogeneity was explored using the Q test as well as the I(2) statistic. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots symmetry and Egger's test.Five cohort studies were included, involving 321,420 participants in this meta-analysis. Summary estimates based on adjusted data showed that periodontal disease was associated with a significant risk of lung cancer (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.36; I(2) = 30%). No publication bias was detected. Subgroup analysis indicated that the association of periodontal disease and lung cancer remained significant in the female population.Evidence from cohort studies suggests that patients with periodontal disease are at increased risk of developing lung cancer.

A series of Mannich base monophenol ligands [2,4-tBu2-6-CH2NMe2-PhOH (), 2,4-tBu2-6-CH2NEt2-PhOH (), 2,4-tBu2-6-CH2Py-PhOH (), 2-tBu-4-Me-6-CH2Py-PhOH (), 4-tBu-2,6-(CH2Py)2-PhOH ()] were synthesized by Mannich reaction using phenol and formaldehyde reacting with secondary amine. A series of homoleptic lanthanide complexes [LaA3 (), GdA3 (), LaB3 (), GdB3 (), LaC3 (), GdC3 (), LaD3 (), GdD3 (), LaE3 (), GdE3 ()] were prepared by amine elimination reactions of the ligands with Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3 (Ln = La, Gd). Complexes , , , and were all characterized using NMR spectra, and the structures of complexes and were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes and are isostructural, and the lanthanum center exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry, in which the O(1), O(2) and O(3) atoms occupy three positions and N(1), N(2) and N(3) atoms occupy the other three positions. All complexes were characterized using elemental analysis and infrared spectra. The catalytic properties of complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone were studied, and the results show that all complexes are efficient initiators for this ring-opening polymerization reaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objective Association between oral sex and oral cancer is a highlighted topic all the time; however, many published epidemiological studies remain failed to obtain a consistent conclusion. We performed this meta-analysis to ascertain whether oral sex is a risk factor or a risk marker for oral cancer. Method The PubMed database was searched up to 30 August 2013 (latest updated on 21 December 2014) for relevant observational studies that tested the association between oral sex and oral cancer risk. After data extraction from eligible studies, the meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results Finally we yielded six case-control studies and one cross-sectional study with 5553 individuals. The results based on random-effects model indicated that there was no significant association between oral sex and risk of oral cancer (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.54; P = 0.33). Sensitivity analysis showed that the result was robust and subgroups analyses also revealed similar results. Publication bias was not detected. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that oral sex is a risk marker rather than an independent risk factor for oral cancer. However, the practitioners should assure they are without sexually transmitted diseases and with good oral health, and at least cleaned carefully and thoroughly before oral sex.

Many studies have been conducted to explore the association between interleukin (IL)-1β C-511T polymorphism and risk of chronic periodontitis (CP) but with different or even contradictory results. A meta-analysis was performed to further explore their association.PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and EMBASE were searched up to September 30, 2014 for relevant case-control studies. Two authors (D-YL and L-YX) independently selected studies and extracted data from included studies. The meta-analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software.Nineteen case-control studies involving 2,173 patients with CP and 3,900 healthy controls were included. Using a random-effects meta-analysis model, a non-significant association between IL-1β C-511T polymorphism and CP was identified (T versus C: odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85 to 1.25; TT versus CC: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.72 to 1.46; CT versus CC: OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.71 to 1.30; CT + TT versus CC: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.74 to 1.34; TT versus CT + CC: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.38), and sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. Subgroup analyses also revealed a non-significant association. No publication bias was detected.Based on currently available evidence, IL-1β C-511T polymorphism is not associated with the risk of developing CP. Additional research is warranted to further explore and confirm the association of genetic polymorphism and CP.

Objective To systematically review the methodological assessment tools for pre-clinical and clinical studies, systematic review and meta-analysis, and clinical practice guideline. Methods We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers Manual, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) up to May 20th, 2014. Two authors selected studies and extracted data; quantitative analysis was performed to summarize the characteristics of included tools. Results We included a total of 21 assessment tools for analysis. A number of tools were developed by academic organizations, and some were developed by only a small group of researchers. The JBI developed the highest number of methodological assessment tools, with CASP coming second. Tools for assessing the methodological quality of randomized controlled studies were most abundant. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias is the best available tool for assessing RCTs. For cohort and case-control studies, we recommend the use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) is an excellent tool for assessing non-randomized interventional studies, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (ARHQ) methodology checklist is applicable for cross-sectional studies. For diagnostic accuracy test studies, the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool is recommended; the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool is available for assessing animal studies; Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) is a measurement tool for systematic reviews/meta-analyses; an 18-item tool has been developed for appraising case series studies, and the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE)-II instrument is widely used to evaluate clinical practice guidelines. Conclusions We have successfully identified a variety of methodological assessment tools for different types of study design. However, further efforts in the development of critical appraisal tools are warranted since there is currently a lack of such tools for other fields, e.g. genetic studies, and some existing tools (nested case-control studies and case reports, for example) are in need of updating to be in line with current research practice and rigor. In addition, it is very important that all critical appraisal tools remain subjective and performance bias is effectively avoided.

Background: Several studies have investigated the association between interleukin (IL)-4 gene -590 C/T, -33 C/T, or 70–base pair (70-bp) polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility but with conflicting results. Hence, a metaanalysis was conducted to explore whether these polymorphisms are associated with periodontitis susceptibility. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science up to April 5, 2014. After the eligible studies were identified, data were extracted and quality-assessed before performing the meta-analysis. Results: The meta-analysis included 23 eligible case-control studies from 11 articles involving 12 studies of the -590 C/T polymorphism (1,220 cases and 2,039 controls), five of the -33 C/T polymorphism (715 cases and 967 controls), and four of the 70-bp polymorphism (426 cases and 506 controls). The meta-analysis showed that none of these IL-4 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with periodontitis susceptibility in all study participants. However, subgroup analysis showed that the IL-4 -590 T allele (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.42, P = 0.03) and TT genotype (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.67, P = 0.03) were associated with periodontitis in whites. Conclusions: Based on current evidence, the IL-4 -33 C/T and 70-bp polymorphisms were not associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. However, the IL-4 -590 T allele and TT genotype were associated with increased risk of periodontitis in whites. J Periodontol 2014;85:e354-e362.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effects and safety of intra‐arterial chemotherapy in children and adults with high‐grade gliomas, compared with conventional therapies.

An unprecedented deammoniative condensation reaction of primary allylic amines with nonallylic amines has been developed through CN bond cleavage. In the presence of 5 mol% palladium diacetate, 10 mol% 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb), and 5 mol% p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), a range of α-unbranched primary allylic amines smoothly underwent deammoniative condensation with nonallylic amines in an α-selective fashion to give structurally diverse secondary and tertiary amines in good to excellent yields and E selectivity. Replacing dppb with racemic 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINAP) permitted the deammoniative condensation of enantioenriched α-chiral primary allylic amines with nonallylic amines to proceed with complete retention of configuration. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction mixture permitted the identification of some π-allylpalladium intermediates, and plausible mechanisms have been proposed to account for the regioselectivity and stereospecificity of the deammoniative condensation reaction.

New N-silver(I) acetylbenzamide complexes of type Ln⋅AgNC9H8O2 (L = PPh3; n = 1, 2a; n = 2, 2b; n = 3, 2c; L = P(OEt)3; n = 1, 2d; n = 2, 2e; n = 3, 2f) were prepared. These complexes were obtained in high yields and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C{H} NMR, 31P{H} NMR and IR spectroscopy, respectively. The molecular structure of 2b has been determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis in which the silver atom is in a distorted tetrahedral geometry and crystallizes as cis–trans. New N-silver(I) acetylbenzamide complexes have a four-membered ring, which could influence their chemical and physical properties and modulate volatility. Metal organic chemical vapor deposition experiments were carried out successfully at 400°C and 450°C using 2e as precursor for the deposition of silver films, respectively. The high-purity silver film obtained at 400°C is dense and homogeneous. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Six organophosphine/phosphite-stabilized silver(I) N-hydroxysuccinimide complexes of type [C4H4NO3Ag⋅Ln] (L = PPh3; n = 1, 2a; n = 2, 2b; L = P(OEt)3; n = 1, 2c; n = 2, 2 d; L = P(OMe)3; n = 1, 2e; n = 2, 2f) were prepared. These complexes were obtained in high yields and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13 C{1H} NMR and IR spectroscopy, respectively. The molecular structure of 2b has been determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis in which the silver atom is in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. An interstitial methanol solvent molecule is hydrogen bonded to the oxygen atom of N-hydroxysuccinimide molecule. Complex 2f was used to deposit silver films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for the first time. The silver film obtained at 480 °C is dense and homogeneous, which is composed of many well-isolated, granular particulates spreading all over the substrate surface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2,2′-Position aryl-substituted tetracarboxylic dianhydrides including 2,2′-bis(biphenyl)-4,4′,5,5′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2′-bis[4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)]-4,4′,5,5′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride were synthesized. A new series of aromatic polyimides (PIs) were synthesized via a two-step procedure from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the newly synthesized tetracarboxylic dianhydrides monomers reacting with 2,2′-bis[4′-(3″,4″,5″-trifluorophenyl)phenyl]-4,4′-biphenyl diamine. The resulting polymers exhibited excellent organosolubility and thermal properties associated with Tg at 264 °C and high initial thermal decomposition temperatures (T5%) exceeding 500 °C in argon. Moreover, the fabricated sandwich structured memory devices of Al/PI-a/ITO was determined to present a flash-type memory behaviour, while Al/PI-b/ITO and Al/PI-c/ITO exhibited write-once read-many-times memory capability with different threshold voltages. In addition, Al/polymer/ITO devices showed high stability under a constant stress or continuous read pulse voltage of − 1.0 V. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

Four Lewis-base stabilized N-silver(I) succinimide complexes of type [Ln·Rm·AgNC4H4O2] (L = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), n = 1, m = 0, 2a; L = P(OEt)3, n = 2, m = 0, 2b; L = PPh3, m = 0, n = 2, 2c; L = P(OMe)3, R = TMEDA, n = 1, m = 1, 2d) were prepared by a “one-pot” synthesis methodology and characterized. The molecular structures of 2a and 2c have been determined by using X-ray single crystal analysis. Complex 2a exists as ion pair {[Ag(TMEDA)2]+[Ag(NC4H4O2)2]–} in the solid state and complex 2c is a monomer with the three-coordinate silver atom. Complex 2b was used as precursor in the deposition of silver for the first time by using MOCVD technique. The silver films obtained were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX). SEM and EDX studies show that the dense and homogeneous silver films could be obtained.

The sorption of the light gases CH4, N2, CO2 as well as water into polymer films prepared from a commercial sample of 3,3′-4, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic-dianhydride diaminophenylindane (Matrimid 5218) are measured. The light gas isotherms follow standard dual-sorption behavior for polymeric films with the Henry's Law coefficient correlated to the Lennard-Jones well depth parameter. Water sorption behavior was similar to rubbery polymers, that of significant adsorption into the polymeric matrix and was modeled by Henry's law exclusively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Objectives To investigate the expressions of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in leukocytes and the changes of blood lipoxin A4(LXA4), leukotriene (LT)B4 and LTC4 in children with asthma, and to explore the relationship between the blood eicosanoids and one of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-5, IL-8 and IL-13 and IgE in children with asthma. Study Design One hundred six asthmatic children were divided into three groups, that is, mild persistent asthmatic group, moderate persistent asthmatic group and severe persistent asthmatic group. Forty healthy children were served as controls. Methodology The expressions of 15-LO and 5-LO mRNA in leukocytes were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the blood LXA4, LTB4, LTC4, IL-5, IL-8, and IL-13 were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum hsCRP was determined with latex-enhanced immuno-turbidimetry kits. Results The leukocytic 15-LO expression and blood LXA4 were gradually decreased, and the leukocytic 5-LO expression, blood LTB4, LTC4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, and hsCRP were gradually increased in children with asthma from mild degree to moderate and severe degree. There were positive correlations between blood LXA4 and one of the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) percent-predicted values, and negative correlations between blood LTC4 and one of the PEF and FEV1 percent-predicted values in children with asthma. There were negative correlations between blood LXA4 and one of the IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, and hsCRP levels, and positive correlations between one of blood LTB4, LTC4 and one of the IL-5, IL-8, IL-13 and hsCRP levels in children with asthma. Conclusions The reversed changes between 15-LO, its product LXA4 and 5-LO, its products LTB4 and LTC4 in children with asthma from mild, moderate to severe degree were found, suggesting that insufficient generation of LXA4 and overproduction of LTs may be the reason for the asthmatic children whose illness become more serious. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:333–340. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

A novel pH-sensitive nanoparticle drug delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX) is prepared. Pullulan, a natural biocompatible polysaccharide, was partly carboxymethylized; hydrazine hydrate was condensed with the carboxyl groups forming hydrazide. The hydrazide was coupled with DOX through the formation of hydrazone bond. The chemical structure of the conjugate was determined by FTIR and (1)H NMR. The pullulan/DOX conjugate nanoparticles were formed through the aggregation of hydrophobic DOX. The size and morphology of prepared nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and their size was less than 100 nm. The content of DOX in conjugate was 3.18 wt %. The investigation of the release behavior in vitro indicated that the DOX was released from nanoparticles faster at pH 5.0 (62% DOX released within 24 h) than at pH 7.4 (29% DOX released within 24 h). The in vitro cytotoxicity of pullulan/DOX conjugate nanoparticles was tested by the MTT assay.

The four new cycloartane (=9,19-cyclolanostane) glycosides 1–4 were isolated from the aerial parts of Thalictrum fortunei (Ranunculaceae). The structures of these new glycosides were elucidated as (3β,16β,24S)-cycloartane-3,16,24,25,30-pentol 3,25-di-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (3β,16β,24S)-24-(acetyloxy)cycloartane-3,16,25,30-tetrol 3,25-di-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (3β,16β,24S)-24-(acetyloxy)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)cycloartane-16,25,30-triol 25-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (3), and (3β,16β,24S)-24-(acetyloxy)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)cycloartane-16,25,30-triol 25-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(14)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (4). The structure elucidations were accomplished by 1D- and 2D-NMR methods, HR-ESI-MS, and hydrolysis.