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Prone positioning during general anaesthesia is one of the most difficult practices for the perioperative nurse. Patients in this position are vulnerable to many preventable complications. However, no studies have developed an evidence-based tool to improve nursing practice during general anaesthesia and prone positioning. This study aimed to develop and test a general anaesthesia and prone position nursing checklist for use by the circulating nurse.A prospective pre-post study was performed between October 2020 and March 2021.The WHO checklist development model and evidence-based methods guided the checklist development process. We prospectively observed circulating nurses that attended to prone general anaesthesia during posterior lumbar spine surgery for 3 months before and after the introduction of the general anaesthesia and prone position nursing risk checklist. The main outcomes were successful delivery of essential prone positional nursing practices during each surgery and the nurse's opinion of the checklist's efficacy and utility.A general anaesthesia and prone position nursing checklist comprised of 4 pause points and 22 necessary nursing practices was developed. Seventy-two nurses participated in this study. Use of the checklist significantly increased the average performance of essential practices during each surgery from 72.72%-95.45%. Three measures had a compliance rate of 100%. The delivery rate of 14 measures was significantly improved, 91.7% of nurses considered the checklist easy to use, and 94.4% nurses would want the checklist to be used if they underwent a prone position and general anaesthesia operation.

Purpose The progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is critical to treatment decisions in clinical practice. The disease can be classified into four categories namely, drusen, inactive choroidal neovascularization (CNV), active CNV, and normal, according to severity based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Interpreting numerous OCT images is still time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially for the detection of the CNV activity. To address this problem, we developed a deep learning (DL) system based on OCT images, with the assistance of an attention mechanism, to automatically diagnose AMD. Methods A public dataset (total 51,140 OCT images) and a private dataset (total 4,951 OCT images) were utilized as a training dataset and a clinical validation dataset, respectively, to develop the DL model. A ResNet-34 DL model, with convolutional block attention module (CBAM) block integrated into each unit, was pre-trained on the public dataset first and then finetuned on our private dataset to automatically diagnose AMD and assist clinical decision-making. GradCam, a visualization technique, was used to improve the interpretability of our model. Results The precision and recall of our model were, respectively, 84.3% and 87.3% for drusen, 81.2% and 80.0% for inactive CNV, 97.7% and 90.2% for active CNV, and 93.7% and 96.5% for normal. The area under the curve (AUC) corresponding to drusen, inactive CNV, active CNV, and normal for our model reached 0.9395, 0.9476, 0.9880, and 0.9925 respectively. The heatmaps indicated a high level of correspondence in the region of interest between our model and ophthalmologists on the diagnosis. Conclusions The implementation of finetuning and attention mechanism improve the performance of our model in a distinct dataset. Our model successfully assisted in the diagnosis of AMD and achieved a detection precision and recall equal to those of ophthalmologists. The results of our study could contribute to the precise diagnosis of and decision-making regarding AMD.

A system for providing communication using a plurality of radio access technologies is disclosed. The system utilizes terminals capable of communicating with the plurality of radio access technologies. The terminals are capable of selecting the most suitable radio access technology for different types traffic. Different radios access technologies are further capable of cross-communication in order to route traffic over the most efficient paths.

Image encryption algorithm is an important telecommunication technology for protecting personal security. In this article, we propose a novel multi‐image visual encryption algorithm based ...

Objectives This study assessed the diagnostic performance of transabdominal oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) imaging for preoperative tumor staging of advanced gastric carcinoma by comparing it with transverse contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Methods This retrospective study included 42 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopy, radical surgery, or palliative surgery because of serious complications and had a body mass index of less than 25 kg/m2. A cereal-based oral contrast agent was used for transabdominal oral contrast-enhanced US. Retrospective analyses were conducted using preoperative tumor staging data acquired by either transabdominal oral contrast-enhanced US or transverse contrast-enhanced CT. Both contrast-enhanced US and contrast-enhanced CT examinations were reviewed by 2 experienced radiologists independently for preoperative tumor staging according to the seventh edition of the TNM classification. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated by comparing the results of contrast-enhanced US and contrast-enhanced CT with pathologic findings. The overall accuracies of the imaging modalities were compared by the McNemar test. Results No significant difference was noted in the overall accuracy of transabdominal oral contrast-enhanced US (86% [36 of 42]) and transverse contrast-enhanced CT (83% [35 of 42] P > .999). For stage T2 to T4 gastric cancer, the accuracies of transabdominal oral contrast-enhanced US were 88%, 86%, and 98%, respectively, and those of transverse contrast-enhanced CT were 93%, 83%, and 90%. Conclusions The overall accuracy of transabdominal oral contrast-enhanced US was comparable with that of transverse contrast-enhanced CT for preoperative tumor staging of advanced gastric cancer.

In this paper, because of the acquisition principle and big data of remote sensing image, we suggest an encryption scheme using chaotic system to build up the compressed sensing framework. A two-dimensional generalized Arnold map is adopted here to generate the entries of the Toeplitz matrix used as measurement matrix. Then, the selecting row of the Toeplitz matrix is also decided by the chaotic sequence generated randomly by the Arnold map. With a further function of permutation operation, we can also encrypt remote sensing image after compression. The key space is constructed by the initial conditions in chaotic system. Experiment results show that the proposed method can be suitable to compressed sensing when the random measurement matrix is generated using chaotic system. Additionally, although the permutation operation is adopted, it is mainly used to enhance the security of cipher-image. The reconstruction result is only dependent on the standard recovery algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Summary Third and Fourth Generation (3G and 4G) terrestrial systems provide higher speed Internet Protocol multimedia services to end-users with differentiated QoS across applications. To facilitate this, terrestrial architectures are moving towards an end-to-end all-IP architecture that unifies all services, including Voice over IP bearer. In parallel, Mobile Satellite Systems (MSS) are being designed to complement and/or co-exist with terrestrial coverage depending on spectrum sharing rules and operator choice. The challenge for MSS designers is to address the different physical layer characteristics while maintaining interoperability and compatibility with terrestrial services and reuse 3G Partnership Project core networks. To this end, MSS have been developed that mirror terrestrial Second Generation, 2.5G and 3G systems and are already operational in different parts of the world using different orbital constellations from low Earth orbits to geostationary orbits and both proprietary and standardized air interfaces. This paper describes architectures and methods for mobile satellite systems to achieve services similar to 3G and Fourth Generation terrestrial systems, focusing on the European Telecommunications Standards Institute Geostationary-Mobile Radio GMR-1 3G satellite air interface standard. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Low-molecular-weight copolymers of styrene and vinylbenzyl ammonium salts (oligomeric surfactant) were used to modify montmorillonite (MMT). The oligomeric-modified MMT showed good thermal stability, which made it suitable to be used for preparing polycarbonate(PC)/MMT nanocomposites at high temperature. A different series of PC/MMT nanocomposites had been prepared by melt processing using a twin screw extruder. The effect of oligomeric surfactant structure and clay loading on the morphology, mechanical property, thermal stability, and color appearance of the nanocomposites were explored. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that the PC/MMT nanocomposites had partially exfoliated structures. The PC/MMT nanocomposites were found to retain light colored, which was important for optical application. Compared to neat PC, the nanocomposites showed better properties of thermal stability and heat insulation. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly enhanced by incorporating clay into the PC matrix. The tensile strength of nanocomposites with 2 wt% clay content was up to 55 MPa, which was much higher than that of the neat PC (37 MPa). The maximum tensile modulus value was 19% higher than that of neat PC. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

In this paper, a chaotic image encryption algorithm is suggested combining with double chaotic maps, SHA-3 Secure Hash Algorithm-3, and auto-updating system. To shuffle pixel positions, a matrix having same size of the plain-image is generated dependent on the plain-image in stage of permutation. Then, SHA-3 is taken to calculate its hash values used to produce control parameter and initial condition of Logistic map. After that, total permutation is implemented for row and column to exchange pixels, where auto-updating systems are established by different images acting like one-time pad. Furthermore, 3D chaotic cat map is employed to enlarge key space in diffusion process. Permuted image is firstly divided into four sub-blocks, which are queued randomly according to the key of Logistic map. The last sub-block is picked out to calculate the hash values using SHA-3, of which are assigned into three groups to update the initial conditions of 3D chaotic cat map performing like one-time pad again. Current sub-block is designed to influence next sub-block in diffusion process. As a result, the proposed algorithm can resist efficiently the chosen-plaintext and known-plaintext attacks. Experimental results are also given to explain the high security of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Amphiphilic thermo-responsive multiblock polycarbonates consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) were facilely synthesized using triphosgene as coupling agent. The structures and molecular characteristics of the polycarbonates were confirmed by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The crystallization behavior and thermal properties of the polycarbonates were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface tension measurements confirmed that the critical micelles concentration of polymeric micelles were concentration ranges, which varied from about 2–70 mg/L to 5–40 mg/L with increasing PEO/PPO composition ratio from 0.8 to 1. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments showed bimodal size distributions, the aggregates size increased with increasing the concentration of the polycarbonates aqueous solutions. The size of the aggregates acquired from TEM was smaller than that from DLS owing to the fact that TEM gave size of the aggregates in dry state rather than the hydrodynamic diameter. The degradation process revealed that the degradation rate of the aggregates could be accelerated with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the more the polycarbonate was hydrophilic, the faster was its degradation. Rheological measurements suggested that these multiblock polycarbonates were thermo-responsive and by regulating the PEO/PPO composition ratio they could form a gel at 37°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

The novel copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with complex pseudorotaxane monomer (BAMACB) of butyl ammonium methacrylate (BAMA) and cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) were prepared via free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution. The copolymers containing pseudorotaxane (PAM/BAMACB) were characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis, TGA, and DSC. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer PAM/BAMACB are higher than that of the copolymer of acrylamide and butyl ammonium methacrylate (PAM/BAMA) because of the enhanced rigidity and the bulky steric hindrance of BAMACB side chain in PAM/BAMACB. The molecular weights of copolymer PAM/BAMACB were obtained via static light scattering. The hydrodynamic radii of coils or aggregates were investigated by dynamic light scattering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5999–6008, 2008

China has become the biggest exporter of electronic products in the world. Government policy intervention has contributed significantly to the rapid expansion of the electronics industry. The present paper examines the evolutionary development of industrial policies related to the electronics industry in China and the impacts of such policies on the shaping of the industry. In particular, the relationship between foreign funded enterprises and domestic firms are examined in detail. The future trend of the industry is also discussed in the paper, and the policy focus of the Chinese Government is predicted.

The palladium-catalyzed one-pot sequential reaction of propiolic acid derivatives with lithium halides first, and then with terminal alkynes or alkenes affords conjugated (2Z) -en-4-ynoic and (2Z,4Z)- and (2Z,4E)- dienoic acid derivatives with high stereoselectivity.

A convenient synthesis of γ-(Z)-alkylidene butenolides starting from (Z)-3-bromopropenoic acid was described.

The four isomers of difluoro[2.2]paracyclophane are uniquely identified on the basis of their 1 H, 13 C and 19 F NMR spectra. 13 C/ 12 effects on the 19 F chemical shifts were measured and a small transannular effect was detected.

The synthesis of 6-fluoro-d-biotin methyl ester and its characterization by 1H and 19F nmr and elemental analysis is described. Analogous reactions of XeF2 with tetramisole and benzylpenicillin methyl ester were carried out but monofluorinated products could not be isolated.

The reaction of XeF2 with cysteine derivatives RSCH2CH(NHR)COOR, i.e., S-benzyl-N-trifluoroacetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester, S-benzyl-N-carbobenzoxy-L-cysteine p-nitrophenyl ester, and S-methyl-N-trifluoroacetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester is described. The fluorinated products PhCHFSCH2CH(NHR)COOR, PhCH2SCHFCH(NHR)COOR, and FCH2SCH2CH(NHR)COOR were identified by 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PhCH2SCHFCH(NHR)COOR loses HF within 24 hours to give Z- and E-PhCH2SCH=C(NHR)COOR. If the reaction with XeF2 is carried out in the presence of moisture the sulfoxide RS(O)CH2CH(NHR)COOR and sulfone RSO2CH2CH(NHR)COOR are produced. Keywords: fluorination, XeF2, amino acids, cysteine.

Difluoro[2,2]paracylophane was synthesized by 1,6-Hofmann elimination of 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide in 34% yield, and four stereoisomers were separated by TLC and HPLC techniques.