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Abstract Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic agent but exhibits potential pulmonary toxicity. In this case series, we describe the clinical, radiographic, and histologic manifestations of three patients who developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) following amiodarone treatment for variable lengths of time with different dosages. The presentations on computed tomographic images and in pulmonary pathology differed among the three patients. All three had immediate discontinuation of amiodarone and received treatment with systemic corticosteroids. One patient eventually died from ventilator‐associated pneumonia after an initial improvement. The other two patients recovered well but later experienced ILD recurrence following brief re‐exposure to amiodarone. Through this case series, we aim to demonstrate the variable features of amiodarone‐related ILD, and highlight the importance of timely amiodarone cessation and avoiding re‐exposure to prevent the progression and recurrence of ILD.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. PEL is closely related in pathogenesis to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) and typically occurs in patients with significant immunodeficiency. Cases of PEL in patients without either HIV infection or transplantation have been reported from HHV‐8‐endemic areas, but very rarely from the Asia‐Pacific region. In this case series, we describe the clinical and immunohistochemical presentations of four patients in southern Taiwan who were diagnosed with HHV‐8‐related PEL. All four patients were HIV‐negative and had not received organ transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the first authentic report of HIV‐unrelated PEL from the ethnically Chinese population. Considering the non‐specific clinical manifestations, the pivotal roles of specific assays for correct diagnosis, and the dismal prognosis of PEL, it is important for clinicians to include PEL as one of the differential diagnosis when approaching HIV‐uninfected patients with unexplained exudative body cavity effusion.