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Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sonographic and pathologic features of littoral cell angioma of the spleen in 7 patients. Methods The sonographic appearance in 7 cases of littoral cell angioma confirmed by surgical pathologic examination was retrospectively reviewed. All underwent color Doppler imaging. Two underwent contrast-enhanced sonography. The sonographic appearance was compared with pathologic findings. Results Splenic lesions were solitary in 5 cases and multiple in 2 cases. The masses ranged from 10 to 64 mm in maximum diameter. Five hypoechoic and 2 hyperechoic lesions on grayscale sonography corresponded to few and multiple blood-filled spaces on pathologic examination, respectively. Four hypovascular lesions, 1 hypervascular lesion, and the other 2 hypervascular lesions full of color flow signals on color Doppler imaging corresponded to few, several, and multiple arteries on pathologic examination. On contrast-enhanced sonography, 1 hypervascular lesion full of color flow signals showed homogeneous hyperenhancement for 8 minutes during the arterial and parenchymal phases. One hypovascular lesion showed inhomogeneous isoenhancement transiently during the arterial phase and became hypoechoic later. Conclusions Littoral cell angioma is a primary vascular splenic neoplasm with variable features on grayscale sonography and color Doppler imaging as well as contrast-enhanced sonography. The sonographic appearance of littoral cell angioma mainly depends on the type and number of tumor vessels.

The numerical implementation of traditional discrete complex image method (DCIM) approach for spatial-domain Green's functions (GFs) is limited to low values of ρ (ρ is the distance between the source and the field points of the GFs). Although recently a direct DCIM was introduced to obtain both near- and far-field region accurately, the direct DCIM was limited to choose the paths of kz plane in free-space layer. In this paper, an improved DCIM is introduced without any quasistatic and surface-wave extraction. We choose a novel path of kz plane. The improved DCIM works in both the near- and far-field region for multilayered media as direct DCIM does. And the method is applicable to choose the paths of kz plane in the layer where the source and field points are. The improvement makes it feasible to accelerate the calculation of spatial-domain GFs of electrically large buried objects in multilayered media. In this paper, the method developed for the computation of GFs is used for planar structures containing both lossless and lossy media. The CPU time used to perform the improved DCIM is less than 1 s for computing the fields, with a horizontal source-field separation from 1.6 × 103λ0 to 16λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1337–1340, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22412

A novel water soluble amphiphilic O- carboxymethyl-N-trimethyl Chitosan chloride (CMTMC) was synthesized. The structure of this material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results showed that CMTMC had been successfully prepared. To determine the flocculation performance of the synthesized amphiphilic polymer, a comparison was made among Chitosan (CS), N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), and CMTMC on the turbidity and COD removal efficiency of 1% (v/v) wastewater in sugar refinery suspensions at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 at a dosage range of 0–8 mg/L. The results showed that the water soluble amphiphilic polymer CMTMC, which contains longer polymer anion and polymer cation, had the best performance not only in turbidity removal but also in COD removal on sugar refinery wastewater. The using of CMTMC as a flocculant to treat wastewater in sugar refinery was actually more effective than CS, CMC, and TMC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010