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1. Development and prospect of direct‐current circuit breaker in China

Author

Weijiang Chen, Rong Zeng, Junjia He, Yi Wu, Xiaoguang Wei, Taixun Fang, Zhanqing Yu, Zhao Yuan, Yifei Wu, Wandi Zhou, Bing Yang, and Lu Qu

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Electricity, QC501-721
Abstract

Abstract The direct‐current circuit breaker (DCCB) is the most ideal choice for DC fault isolation in DC grids. Despite a late start, China's research and development on the DCCB have made outstanding achievements. This article provides a brief glance of current China's DCCB development status. It begins by sorting out the technical route according to the topology of DCCB. Then it systematically summarises both mechanical and hybrid DCCBs with focussing on the aspects of topology structure and principle, key technology and characteristics, prototype development and application. It is apparent that Chinese scientists and engineers confronted the worldwide problem of large capacity DC breaking, and put forward a comprehensive solution which consists of an innovative topology structure based on coupled negative voltage circuit, breaking throughs on the key technologies such as highly controllable and reliable fault current commutation, millisecond‐level ultra‐fast and efficient electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, high tolerance and high stability power electronic switch, low residual voltage and fast response energy consumption device, etc. The article states that the world's first set of hybrid high‐voltage (HV) DCCB, and the first set of mechanical HV DCCB have been developed. These DCCBs will soon be deployed to the DC grids which have the highest voltage levels therefore require the strongest breaking capacity. These achievements are leading the world in the development and application of DCCB. The article also discusses the overall development trends of DCCB in the areas of new topologies, key technological breakthroughs and application scenarios, etc. These discussions serve as references for DCCB's future technological advancement and its ever‐expanding applications.

Published
2021
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2. Compatibility of Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases CF3I and c-C4F8 with Cu Contacts

Author

Can Ding, Zhenjiang Gao, Xing Hu, and Zhao Yuan

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The gas-solid compatibility between environmentally friendly insulating gas and copper contacts is worth studying. In this paper, based on density functional theory, the adsorption calculation of CF3I, c-C4F8, five typical decomposition gases, and Cu (1 1 1) surface was carried out. The adsorption energies, transferred charges, charge densities, and densities of states were calculated for different adsorption configurations. Research indicates that there is no obvious charge transfer between the I atom and the Cu atom in the four adsorption sites of Cu (1 1 1) for the CF3I molecule. There is a charge transfer between the F atoms and the Cu top surface. The electrons lost by Cu are transferred to F atoms. In the configurations of different adsorption positions on CF3I and Cu (1 1 1) planes, the top and bridge adsorption energies are −0.835 eV and −0.993 eV, respectively, which are chemical adsorption. Therefore, CF3I is most likely to form adsorption at the top or bridge site of the Cu (1 1 1) surface. The adsorption energy of c-C4F8 gas on Cu (1 1 1) surface is similar to that of CF3I at fcc and hcp sites. The absolute values are all less than 0.8 eV, and the van der Waals force is the main force. The adsorption energies of C2F4 and C3F6 in the five decomposed gases are −1.315 eV and −1.204 eV, respectively. The charge transfer is −0.32 eV and −0.45 eV, respectively. Their values are larger than those of the other gases studied, which belong to chemical adsorption. The smaller values of the remaining three gases belong to physical adsorption. All molecular structures and Cu (1 1 1) planes were not significantly deformed. From a microscopic point of view, the gas can better exist on the copper surface.

Published
2022
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3. First-Principles Calculation of Conductivity of Ce-C Codoped SnO2 Contacts

Author

Can Ding, Zhenjiang Gao, Xing Hu, and Zhao Yuan

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The contact is the core element of the vacuum interrupter of the mechanical DC circuit breaker. The electrical conductivity and welding resistance of the material directly affect its stability and reliability. AgSnO2 contact material has low resistivity, welding resistance, and so on. This material occupies an important position of the circuit breaker contact material. This research is based on the first-principles analysis method of density functional theory. The article calculated the lattice constant, enthalpy change, energy band, electronic density of state, charge density distribution, population, and conductivity of Ce, C single-doped, and Ce-C codoped SnO2 systems. The results show that Ce, C single doping, and Ce-C codoping all increase the cell volume and lattice constant. When the elements are codoped, the enthalpy change is the largest, and the thermal stability is the best. It has the smallest bandgap, the most impurity energy levels, and the least energy required for electronic transitions. The 4f orbital electrons of the Ce atom and the 2p orbital electrons of C are the sources of impurity energy near the Fermi level. When the elements are codoped, more impurity energy levels are generated at the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band. Its bandgap is reduced so conductivity is improved. From the charge density and population analysis, the number of free electrons of Ce atoms and C atoms is redistributed after codoping. It forms a Ce-C covalent bond to further increase the degree of commonality of electrons and enhance the metallicity. The conductivity analysis shows that both single-doped and codoped conductivity have been improved. When the elements are codoped, the conductivity is the largest, and the conductivity is the best.

Published
2021
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4. Operation and transient performance of a four-terminal MMC based DC grid implementing high power mechanical DC circuit breaker

Author

Binye Ni, Wang Xiang, Zhao Yuan, Xia Chen, and Jinyu Wen

Subjects
circuit breakers, hvdc power transmission, power overhead lines, power transmission control, hvdc power convertors, power electronics, fault diagnosis, power grids, high power mechanical dc circuit breaker, power industry, immature dc circuit breaker technology, controlled power electronic devices, hybrid dccb, hybrid type dccb suffers, high capital cost, mechanical type dccb, four-terminal bipolar mmc-hvdc system, transient performance, mechanical dccb, four-terminal mmc based dc grid, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Recently, there has been significant interest in developing the modular multilevel converter (MMC) based DC grids in the power industry. However, the immature DC circuit breaker (DCCB) technology hampers the development of DC grids in overhead lines transmission field. The full controlled power electronic devices based hybrid DCCB has been proposed and researched substantially. But the hybrid type DCCB suffers from the drawback of high cost and low reliability, leading to high capital cost for DC grids that require numerous DCCBs. In this paper, a mechanical type DCCB, consisting of a mechanical switch, a circuit and an oscillation circuit, is proposed. Then, a four-terminal bipolar MMC-HVDC system implementing the mechanical DCCBs is studied. Extensive simulations have been conducted to analyse the transient performance under different fault conditions. The simulation results verify the technical feasibility of this mechanical DCCB in DC grid.

Published
2019
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11. Dynamically Reconstructed Triple‐Copper‐Vacancy Associates Confined in Cu Nanowires Enabling High‐Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products

Author

Chen, Runhua, primary, Zu, Xiaolong, additional, Zhu, Juncheng, additional, Zhao, Yuan, additional, Li, Yuhuan, additional, Hu, Zexun, additional, Wang, Shumin, additional, Fan, Minghui, additional, Zhu, Shan, additional, Zhang, Hongjun, additional, Ye, Bangjiao, additional, Sun, Yongfu, additional, and Xie, Yi, additional

Published
2024
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15. Butyrate Prevents the Pathogenic Anemia‐Inflammation Circuit by Facilitating Macrophage Iron Export

Author

Xiao, Peng, primary, Cai, Xuechun, additional, Zhang, Zhou, additional, Guo, Ke, additional, Ke, Yuehai, additional, Hu, Ziwei, additional, Song, Zhangfa, additional, Zhao, Yuening, additional, Yao, Lingya, additional, Shen, Manlu, additional, Li, Jingyun, additional, Huang, Youling, additional, Ye, Lingna, additional, Huang, Lingjie, additional, Zhang, Yu, additional, Liu, Rongbei, additional, Xu, Mengque, additional, Xu, Xutao, additional, Zhao, Yuan, additional, and Cao, Qian, additional

Published
2024
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18. YTHDF1 facilitates PRC1‐mediated H2AK119ub in human ES cells

Author

Zhang, Jingyuan, primary, Wang, Tianyu, additional, Shi, Ruona, additional, Zhao, Yuan, additional, Zhang, Yanqi, additional, Zhang, Cong, additional, Xing, Qi, additional, Zhou, Tiancheng, additional, Shan, Yongli, additional, Yao, Hongjie, additional, Zhang, Xiaofei, additional, and Pan, Guangjin, additional

Published
2023
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20. Single‐cell transcriptomic atlas of distinct early immune responses induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 Proto or its variants in rhesus monkey

Author

Yang, Yun, primary, Du, Tingfu, additional, Yu, Wenhai, additional, Zhou, Yanan, additional, Yang, Chengyun, additional, Kuang, Dexuan, additional, Wang, Junbin, additional, Tang, Cong, additional, Wang, Haixuan, additional, Zhao, Yuan, additional, Yang, Hao, additional, Huang, Qing, additional, Wu, Daoju, additional, Li, Bai, additional, Sun, Qiangming, additional, Liu, Hongqi, additional, Lu, Shuaiyao, additional, and Peng, Xiaozhong, additional

Published
2023
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29. Resveratrol reverses <scp>TGF</scp> ‐β1‐mediated invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells via the <scp>SIRT3</scp> / <scp>AMPK</scp> /autophagy signal axis

Author

Jia Wang, Ping Huang, Xiafang Pan, Chunhua Xia, Hong Zhang, Han Zhao, Zhao Yuan, Jianming Liu, Chao Meng, and Fanglan Liu

Subjects
Pharmacology
Abstract

Resveratrol (Resv) has antitumorigenic and antimetastatic activities; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of Resv on the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells are still a subject of debate. In our study, we demonstrated that Resv inhibited tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth. It also suppressed invasion and pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer by reversing the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated EMT process. Meanwhile, the anticarcinogenic effects of Resv were abolished by the autophagy blocker 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or Beclin 1 small interfering RNA. Moreover, Resv upregulated autophagy-related genes and protein levels and induced the formation of autophagosomes in 4T1 breast cancer cells and xenograft mice, suggesting that autophagy was involved in the anticarcinogenic activities of Resv in both models. In addition, Resv-induced autophagy by increasing the expression of SIRT3 and phosphorylated AMPK. SIRT3 knockdown reduced AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy-related proteins levels, and suppressed the anticancer effects of Resv, demonstrating that the inhibitory effects of Resv on tumor progression were mediated via the SIRT3/AMPK/autophagy pathway. Taken together, our study provided novel insight into the anticancer effects of Resv and revealed that targeting the SIRT3/AMPK/autophagy pathway can serve as a new therapeutic target against breast cancer.

Published
2022

30. Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanocarrier Based on VO x Nanozyme Amplify Oxidative Stress for Tumor Therapy

Author

Zhang, Fang, primary, Cheng, Kai, additional, Huang, Zhuo‐Yao, additional, Hou, Xiao‐Lin, additional, Zhang, Xiao‐Shuai, additional, Zhong, Zi‐Tao, additional, Hu, Yong‐Guo, additional, Lei, Xiao‐Ling, additional, Li, Yong, additional, Zhang, Pei‐Jie, additional, Zhao, Yuan‐Di, additional, and Xu, Qiu‐Ran, additional

Published
2023
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37. Transcutaneous electrical cranial‐auricular acupoint stimulation versus escitalopram for mild‐to‐moderate depression: An assessor‐blinded, randomized, non‐inferiority trial

Author

Zhang, Zhang‐Jin, primary, Zhang, Shui‐Yan, additional, Yang, Xin‐Jing, additional, Qin, Zong‐Shi, additional, Xu, Feng‐Quan, additional, Jin, Gui‐Xing, additional, Hou, Xiao‐Bing, additional, Liu, Yong, additional, Cai, Ji‐Fu, additional, Xiao, Hai‐Bing, additional, Wong, Yat Kwan, additional, Zheng, Yu, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Zhang, Jin‐Niu, additional, Zhao, Yuan‐Yuan, additional, Xiao, Xue, additional, Zhang, Liu‐Lu, additional, Jiao, Yue, additional, Wang, Yu, additional, He, Jia‐Kai, additional, Chen, Guo‐Bing, additional, and Rong, Pei‐Jing, additional

Published
2022
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43. Chromosome‐level genome assembly and functional characterization of terpene synthases provide insights into the volatile terpenoid biosynthesis of Wurfbainia villosa

Author

Yang, Peng, primary, Zhao, Hai‐Ying, additional, Wei, Jie‐Shu, additional, Zhao, Yuan‐Yuan, additional, Lin, Xiao‐Jing, additional, Su, Jing, additional, Li, Fang‐Ping, additional, Li, Meng, additional, Ma, Dong‐Ming, additional, Tan, Xu‐Kai, additional, Liang, Hui‐Lin, additional, Sun, Ye‐Wen, additional, Zhan, Ruo‐Ting, additional, He, Guo‐Zhen, additional, Zhou, Xiao‐Fan, additional, and Yang, Jin‐Fen, additional

Published
2022
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46. Sprouty1 exerts a preventive effect on the initiation of psoriasis by inhibiting innate immune antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and immunocytes

Author

Yuan Zhou, Ping Wang, Xue‐Yan Chen, Bing‐Xi Yan, Lilla Landeck, Zhao‐Yuan Wang, Fan Xu, Min Zheng, and Xiao‐Yong Man

Subjects
Inflammation, Keratinocytes, Imiquimod, Interleukin-17, Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Phosphoproteins, Immunity, Innate, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Cathelicidins, Animals, Eosine Yellowish-(YS), Humans, Psoriasis, Hematoxylin, Antimicrobial Peptides, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Skin
Abstract

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease dominated by the cutaneous immune system. Keratinocytes have been considered important triggers that initiate psoriasis. The key molecules and events of keratinocytes that link the innate immune system in psoriasis must be investigated in more detail. Human psoriasis skin and primary human keratinocyte were detected in vitro. Epidermis specific transgenic mouse strain (Krt14-Sprouty1 tg) was used to further investigate psoriasis-like skin inflammation in vivo.Bulk RNA sequencing of primary human keratinocyte screened differentially expressed genes, which was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR and Western Blot (WB). Moreover, we concomitantly reviewed open-accessed published RNAseq datasets of human psoriatic skin from GEO database. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence were used to detect Sprouty1 (SPRY1) expression in human psoriatic skin with and without anti-psoriasis treatments. Krt14-Sprouty1 tg was used to further investigate psoriasis-like skin inflammation, and followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot and flow cytometry.Our data showed that Sprouty1 was decreased in psoriatic skin and keratinocytes. In imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation, the production of cathelicidin (camp/LL37) was inhibited by suppressing signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (Stat3) activation when Sprouty1 overexpressed in mouse epidermal keratinocytes. Moreover, CD11b+CCR2+ dendritic cells, IL-17A+ γδT cells, and Ly6C+ CD11c+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells were decreased in Krt14-Sprouty1 tg (STG) imiquimod-induced cutaneous inflammation.These findings indicate that Sprouty1 expressed in keratinocytes has a suppressive role in imiquimod-induced skin inflammation mediated by inhibiting the production of cathelicidin. Collectively, Sprouty1 plays a preventive role in psoriatic skin. Our data provide new evidence for the pathogenesis of psoriatic keratinocytes, and the link cutaneous innate immunity, that indicated Sprouty1 is a potential novel therapeutic target.

Published
2022

47. Development and prospect of direct‐current circuit breaker in China

Author

Wei Xiaoguang, Weijiang Chen, Yifei Wu, Zhao Yuan, Taixun Fang, Bing Yang, Lu Qu, Wandi Zhou, Yi Wu, Rong Zeng, Junjia He, and Zhanqing Yu

Subjects
QC501-721, Electricity, Computer science, Direct current, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, China, Automotive engineering, Circuit breaker, TK1-9971
Abstract

The direct‐current circuit breaker (DCCB) is the most ideal choice for DC fault isolation in DC grids. Despite a late start, China's research and development on the DCCB have made outstanding achievements. This article provides a brief glance of current China's DCCB development status. It begins by sorting out the technical route according to the topology of DCCB. Then it systematically summarises both mechanical and hybrid DCCBs with focussing on the aspects of topology structure and principle, key technology and characteristics, prototype development and application. It is apparent that Chinese scientists and engineers confronted the worldwide problem of large capacity DC breaking, and put forward a comprehensive solution which consists of an innovative topology structure based on coupled negative voltage circuit, breaking throughs on the key technologies such as highly controllable and reliable fault current commutation, millisecond‐level ultra‐fast and efficient electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, high tolerance and high stability power electronic switch, low residual voltage and fast response energy consumption device, etc. The article states that the world's first set of hybrid high‐voltage (HV) DCCB, and the first set of mechanical HV DCCB have been developed. These DCCBs will soon be deployed to the DC grids which have the highest voltage levels therefore require the strongest breaking capacity. These achievements are leading the world in the development and application of DCCB. The article also discusses the overall development trends of DCCB in the areas of new topologies, key technological breakthroughs and application scenarios, etc. These discussions serve as references for DCCB's future technological advancement and its ever‐expanding applications.

Published
2021

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