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Abstract Current research on apron conflict detection is often limited to the interaction between the aircraft as a whole and other objects, making it difficult to accomplish targeted identification of vulnerable and high‐cost aircraft components. However, the implementation of detailed aircraft identification is of great significance to enhance the safety of airport surface operations. Based on the excellent performance of High‐Resolution Network (HRNet) in keypoint detection, a lightweight end‐to‐end keypoint detection network, namely Squeeze and Excitation High‐Resolution Network (SEHRNet), is proposed in this paper to solve the problems of HRNet's slower computation and more redundancy. First, the errors arising from coordinate transformations in the coding and decoding process are solved by an improved feature map coding and decoding process. Second, replace the BasicBlock in HRNet with the Depthwise separable convolutions based on the Squeeze‐and‐Excitation Networks, which drastically cuts the computational cost of the network. Third, the improved Bottleneck module is used to further enhance the capability of feature extraction. Experimental results prove that, based on the aircraft keypoint detection dataset, the SEHRNet proposed in this paper shows stronger applicability compared to the current mainstream networks. Compared with the original HRNet, the improved network has higher accuracy, faster speed, and lighter model for aircraft keypoint detection.

Abstract Precise identification of glioblastoma (GBM) microinfiltration, which is essential for achieving complete resection, remains an enormous challenge in clinical practice. Here, the study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy effectively identifies GBM microinfiltration with cellular resolution in clinical specimens. The spectral differences between infiltrative lesions and normal brain tissues are attributed to phospholipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. These biochemical metabolites identified by Raman spectroscopy are further confirmed by spatial metabolomics. Based on differential spectra, Raman imaging resolves important morphological information relevant to GBM lesions in a label‐free manner. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning in detecting infiltrative lesions exceeds 95%. Most importantly, the cancer cell threshold identified by Raman spectroscopy is as low as 3 human GBM cells per 0.01 mm2. Raman spectroscopy enables the detection of previously undetectable diffusely infiltrative cancer cells, which holds potential value in guiding complete tumor resection in GBM patients.

Abstract Malignant tumors pose a serious threat to human health. The development of malignant tumors is characterized by uncontrolled cell division and immune evasion. The micro‐ribonucleic acid‐34a (miR‐34a) is a small noncoding single‐stranded ribonucleic acid that is ubiquitously present in normal human tissues. However, it has been confirmed to be dysregulated in a variety of tumor cells. Numerous research have revealed the importance of miR‐34a in the treatment of various malignancies. MiR‐34a deletion can hasten the growth of tumors whereas miR‐34a overexpression suppresses the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, more recent studies have highlighted its role in immunity and investigated its applicability to particular tumors. Through various immune cells, factors, and other mechanisms, miR‐34a can inhibit tumor carcinogenesis. In view of the important role of miR‐34a in tumors, this research reviewed the aspects of miR‐34a regulation of tumor immune microenvironment to exert anti‐tumor effects in order to clarify the potential immunotherapy value of miR‐34a in tumors.

A shape estimation method that utilizes two sensing modalities of a customized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor and a commercial air pressure sensor for a pneumatically driven soft finger with an extensive bending angle range based on an artificial neural network model is proposed. The proposed FBG sensor utilizes two tiny nitinol rods as a backbone to attach the long‐grating FBG element fiber, enabling high strain transfer, shape sensing for large bending deformation, and preventing chirping failure and fiber sliding when bending. Its distal end is set free to slide and synchronizes with the extended length and reflects shapes for large bending deformation (up to 320° with a linearity of 99.96%), while its proximal end is fixed. The small packaged sensor unit enables modular design, easy assembly, and high repeatability with negligible effects on the soft finger's bending performances. The artificial neural network model is utilized to process the input of two sensing modalities, reducing errors from material nonlinearity, fabrication, and assembly of soft fingers while improving shape estimation's accuracy and transferability with average errors of 0.90 mm (0.69%) and 1.55 mm (1.19%) for whole shape and distal end position, respectively. Preliminary experiments also verify the potential for pressing force prediction and hardness recognition.

Abstract Recent studies revealed that the increased level of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) may be deemed to be one of the signs of chronic inflammatory joint disease. Accordingly, the development of effective methods for rapid and accurate detection or monitoring of HOCl in vivo is of great significance for further understanding the role of HOCl in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, a ratiometric near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (PTA) was reported for the detection and monitoring of HOCl. In the presence of HOCl, the electron‐rich S atom and C=C double bond of probe PTA were oxidized in sequence, resulting in the significant hypochromatic shift and decline of absorption spectra. Simultaneously, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of PTA is inhibited, causing the intrinsic fluorescence emission of PTA shift from 680 to 550 nm. PTA‐based test paper strips were successfully prepared and applied to determinate HOCl in actual water samples by “naked eye” colorimetric method. PTA features NIR emission, large Stokes shift (200 nm), low cytotoxicity, high sensitivity (33.9 nM), and short response time (45 s), which enable it to be successfully utilized for imaging endogenous and exogenous HOCl in living zebrafish and mice. More importantly, PTA shows remarkable effectiveness for the monitoring of HOCl‐mediated treatment response to RA. Consequently, PTA provides a new approach to further understand the role of HOCl in RA and evaluate the drug treatment efficiency of RA.

The robot‐assisted flexible access surgery represented by the emerging robot‐assisted flexible endoscopy (FE) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery demands flexible and continuum manipulators instead of the rigid and straight instruments in the traditional minimally invasive surgery (MIS). These flexible manipulators are required to advance through the tortuous and narrow anatomic paths via natural orifices for dexterous diagnostic examination and therapeutic operations. Therefore, developing flexible endoscopic manipulators with the capacity of snake‐like movements for flexible access and variable stiffness regulation for operations to address these flexible access surgical difficulties is demanding but remains challenging. To address such challenges, herein, it is proposed that a novel distal continuum joint based on the hybrid pneumatic and cable‐driven approach achieves variable stiffness capacity, excellent bending characteristics in both flexible and rigid states, satisfactory motion consistency and shape‐locking ability during the rigid‐flexible transition, and relatively high loading capacity for flexible gastrointestinal endoscopic robots. Characterization experiments validate these performances, and phantom and ex vivo experiments have been performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness for FE. The presented method demonstrates an effective and practical approach to enabling continuum robots with both flexible access and tunable stiffness capacity and supports a convenient extension for MIS applications.

Abstract Energy inequality caused by the process of cluster head election has a large influence on energy efficiency and the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To this end, a novel concept of EIec is proposed to evaluate the equality degree of energy consumption. Related theorems for establishing the candidate set of cluster heads are proposed, with the aim of promoting energy equality in each cluster. Subsequently, a novel energy‐efficiency‐adaptive cluster formation mechanism based on economic (ECFE) theory is proposed and detailed. Finally, extensive experiments are carried out to assess its energy efficiency and the network performance by comparisons with the existing classic and latest intelligent clustering algorithms. The results indicate that ECFE improves not only the energy efficiency but also the network performance effectively.

This paper investigates the metric dimensions of the polygonal networks, particularly, the subdivided honeycomb network, Aztec diamond as well as the subdivided Aztec diamond network. A polygon is any two-dimensional shape formed by straight lines. Triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and hexagons are all representations of polygons. For instance, hexagons help us in many models to construct honeycomb network, where n is the number of hexagons from a central point to the borderline of the network. A subdivided honeycomb network SHCNn is obtained by adding additional vertices on each edge of HCNn. An Aztec diamond network AZNn of order n is a lattice comprises of unit squares with center a,b satisfying a+b≤n. The subdivided Aztec diamond network SAZNn is obtained by adding additional vertices to each edge of AZNn. In this work, our main aim is to establish the results to show that the metric dimensions of SHCNn and AZNn are 2 and 3 for n=1 and n≥2, respectively. In the end, some open problems are listed with regard to metric dimensions for k-subdivisions of HCNn and AZNn.

Abstract Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF‐κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF‐κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF‐κB activity and key components of the NF‐κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF‐κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation‐related diseases. These studies make the NF‐κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF‐κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF‐κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF‐κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF‐κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF‐κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF‐κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.

Abstract Background Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in promoting the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we aimed to study the epigenetic mechanisms in regulating pro‐tumour M2‐polarised TAMs in the PDAC tumour microenvironment. Methods This study was conducted based on ex vivo TAMs isolated from PDAC tissues and in vitro THP1‐derived TAM model. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq), assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing were performed to investigate gene expression, chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding sites and histone modifications. Gene knockdown in THP1‐derived TAMs was performed with lentivirus, and the impact of THP1‐derived TAMs on invasion and metastasis ability of PDAC cells were investigated with in vitro and in vivo functional assays. RNA‐chromatin interaction was analysed by chromatin isolation through RNA purification with sequencing. RNA‐protein interaction was studied by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down. Results Our data showed that the transcription factor CTCF (CCCTC‐binding factor) was highly expressed in TAMs and predicted to be significantly enriched in hyper‐accessible chromatin regions when compared to monocytes. High infiltration of CTCF+ TAMs was significantly associated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Knockdown of CTCF in THP1‐derived TAMs led to the down‐regulation of specific markers for M2‐polarised TAMs, including CD206 and CD163. When THP1‐derived TAMs with CTCF knockdown, they showed a decreased ability of invasion and metastasis. Further integrative analysis of multi‐omics data revealed that prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and PTGS2 antisense NF‐κB1 complex‐mediated expression regulator RNA (PACERR) were critical downstream targets of CTCF and positively correlated with each other, which are closely situated on a chromosome. Knockdown of PACERR exhibited a similar phenotype as observed in CTCF knockdown THP1‐derived TAMs. Moreover, PACERR could directly bind to CTCF and recruit histone acetyltransferase E1A binding protein p300 to the promoter regions of PACERR and PTGS2, thereby enhancing histone acetylation and gene transcription, promoting the M2 polarization of TAMs in PDAC. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a novel epigenetic regulation mechanism of promoting pro‐tumour M2‐polarised TAMs in the PDAC tumour microenvironment.

This article comprises of exact valuation of a graph parameter, known as the edge irregularity strength EIS, symbolized as eisG, of various graphical families such as middle graph of path graph, middle graph of cycle graph, snake graph (string 2), paramedian ladder, and complete m-partite graphs. If δ:V⟶1,2,…,p is a function defined on vertices of a graph that helps to determine different weights for every pair of edges, the least value of p is the target. Thus, addition operation for allocated to vertices of an edge, i.e., δvi+δvj, i≠j=1,2,…,n, defines the weight wδvivj of corresponding edge for every vivj∈E. If two different edges ei and ej in graph G carry weights in different manner, i.e., wδei≠wδei for i≠j. Then the edge irregular p-labeling is defined after a vertex p-labeling of G. After establishing various novel results and making some conclusions, an open problem is mentioned in the end.

The problem of goodwill bubbles is an important issue concerned by the current capital market. It is of great significance to explore the influencing factors of goodwill bubbles for effectively inhibiting goodwill bubbles and preventing and resolving financial risks. Taking A-share companies listed from 2014 to 2018 in China as samples, this study empirically tests the impact of venture capital institutions on M&A goodwill bubbles. We find that, compared with nonventure capital shareholding companies, the scale of M&A excess goodwill of venture capital shareholding companies is lower. That is, venture capital institutions can effectively inhibit M&A goodwill bubbles. The research on the impact mechanism shows that the inhibition of venture capital institutions on the M&A goodwill bubbles is mainly realized by reducing information asymmetry and easing agency conflict. Further research shows that, from the perspective of the participation of venture capital institutions, the higher the shareholding of venture capital institutions and the greater the number of venture capital institutions investing in the same company, the more they can inhibit M&A goodwill bubbles. From the perspective of internal and external governance environment, venture capital institutions are more able to inhibit M&A goodwill bubbles in enterprises with poor quality of internal control and marketization level.

Shield tunnelling has become the development direction of tunnel construction due to its safety, economy, and speed. The complex formation has complicated geological changes, including soft rock, hard rock, and soft and hard inhomogeneous formation. It is particularly difficult to select and control the tunnelling parameters in shield tunnelling, while the reasonable selection and control of the tunnelling parameters play an important role in the excavation efficiency, tool wear, and surface settlement. Based on the tunnel project between the Dinggong Road North Station and the People’s Park Station online 4 of Nanchang Metro during shield tunnelling construction, this paper collects thrust, torque, and revolution speed of the cutterhead during shield tunnelling in the complex strata with differentiated argillaceous siltstone and gravel and analyzes these parameters by means of mathematical statistics analysis, in order to explore the interrelationship between shield tunnelling parameters under different stratigraphic conditions and put forward optimization suggestions for tunnelling parameters, which can provide a reference for control of tunnelling parameters of earth pressure shield in composite strata.

The construction of a new shield tunnel near an existing operating tunnel poses a great risk to the existing tunnel structure due to the continuous encryption of the rail transit network. This study investigated the safety status of an existing metro tunnel in close proximity to new shield tunnels following construction. A fuzzy comprehensive assessment model (hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model) based on an analytic hierarchy process was proposed to assess the risks of the existing tunnel structure. The threshold of indicators in the existing tunnel structure risk assessment system was determined based on the tunnel function and structure security. Then, we described the membership vector determination method, weight vector determination method, and comprehensive evaluation vector processing method. Taking a project case in China as the research object, the quantitative analysis of the established evaluation system was carried out, and the intuitive risk assessment results were obtained. The hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model can be employed as a decision-making tool for newly built shield tunnels passing through the existing tunnels, which can provide guidance for tunnel maintenance and guarantee.

Skin epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) play a critical role in wound healing and are ideal seed cells for skin tissue engineering. Exosomes from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exos) promote human EpSC proliferation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of miR-100-5p, one of the most abundant miRNAs in ADSC-Exos, on the proliferation of human EpSCs and explored the mechanisms involved. MTT and BrdU incorporation assays showed that miR-100-5p mimic transfection promoted EpSC proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis showed that miR-100-5p mimic transfection significantly decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase and increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. Myotubularin-related protein 3 (MTMR3), a lipid phosphatase, was identified as a direct target of miR-100-5p. Knockdown of MTMR3 in EpSCs by RNA interference significantly enhanced cell proliferation, decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase and increased the percentage of cells in the S phase. Overexpression of MTMR3 reversed the proproliferative effect of miR-100-5p on EpSCs, indicating that miR-100-5p promoted EpSC proliferation by downregulating MTMR3. Mechanistic studies showed that transfection of EpSCs with miR-100-5p mimics elevated the intracellular PIP3 level, induced AKT and ERK phosphorylation, and upregulated cyclin D1, E1, and A2 expression, which could be attenuated by MTMR3 overexpression. Consistently, intradermal injection of ADSC-Exos or miR-100-5p-enriched ADSC-Exos into cultured human skin tissues significantly reduced MTMR3 expression and increased the thickness of the epidermis and the number of EpSCs in the basal layer of the epidermis. The aforementioned effect of miR-100-5p-enriched ADSC-Exos was stronger than that of ADSC-Exos and was reversed by MTMR3 overexpression. Collectively, our findings indicate that miR-100-5p promotes EpSC proliferation through MTMR3-mediated elevation of PIP3 and activation of AKT and ERK. miR-100-5p-enriched ADSC-Exos can be used to treat skin wound and expand EpSCs for generating epidermal autografts and engineered skin equivalents.

Abstract Background New evidence suggests that the centromedial amygdala (CMA) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) play different roles in threat processing. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of trauma and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala and its subregions. Methods Twenty‐seven patients with typhoon‐related PTSD, 33 trauma‐exposed controls (TEC), and 30 healthy controls (HC) were scanned with a 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The FCs of the BLA, the CMA, and the amygdala as a whole were examined using a seed‐based approach, and then, the analysis of variance was used to compare the groups. Results We demonstrated that the BLA had a stronger connectivity with the prefrontal cortices (PFCs) and angular gyrus in the PTSD group than in the TEC group. Additionally, compared with the PTSD and the HC groups, the TEC group exhibited decreased and increased BLA FC with the ventromedial PFC and postcentral gyrus (PoCG), respectively. Furthermore, the PTSD group showed abnormal FC between the salience network and default‐mode network, as well as the executive control network. Compared with the HC group, the TEC group and the PTSD group both showed decreased BLA FC with the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Finally, the FCs between the bilateral amygdala (as a whole) and the vmPFC, and between the BLA and the vmPFC have a negative correlation with the severity of PTSD. Conclusions Decreased BLA‐vmPFC FC and increased BLA‐PoCG FC may reflect PTSD resilience factors. Trauma leads to decreased connectivity between the BLA and the STG, which could be further aggravated by PTSD.

The excessive vertical vibration of structures induced by walking pedestrians has attracted considerable attention in the past decades. The bipedal walking models proposed previously, however, merely focus on the effects generated by legs and ignore the effects of the dynamics of body parts on pedestrian-structure interactions. The contribution of this paper is proposing a novel pedestrian-structure interaction system by introducing the concept of the continuum and a different variable stiffness strategy. The dynamic model of pedestrian-structure coupling system is established using the Lagrange method. The classical mode superposition method is utilized to calculate the response of the structure. The state-space method is employed to determine natural frequencies and damping ratio of the coupled system. Based on the proposed model, numerical simulations and parametric analysis are conducted. Numerical simulations have shown that the continuum enables the pedestrian-structure system to achieve the stable state more efficiently than the classic model does, which idealizes the body as a concentrated or lumped mass. The parametric study reveals that the presence of pedestrians is proved to significantly decrease the frequency of human-structure interaction system and improve its damping ratio. Moreover, the parameters of the bipedal model have a noticeable influence on the dynamic properties and response of the pedestrian-structure system. The bipedal walking model proposed in this paper depicts a pattern of pedestrian-structure interactions with different parameter settings and has a great potential for a wide range of practical applications.

With the continuous development of hydrocarbon exploration, how to efficiently, economically, accurately, and comprehensively obtain mineral species, composition, and structure and diagenesis information has become one of the hot topics in both the academia and industry. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), a new method of qualitative mineral identification and quantitative measurement is established. Typical tight sandstone reservoir rock samples in the Ordos Basin are selected; through the element surface scanning image of “mineral element composition” and “pixel element combination”, mineral types are distinguished, and mineral parameters such as types, characteristics, and content are rapidly and accurately determined. Meanwhile, such results achieved via the new method are compared with conventional XRD and TIMA methods. The results show that the new method exhibits several advantages: cost advantages compared to XRD experiment analysis technology and TIMA system and ability to analyze low content minerals which XRD techniques are hard to identify; it allows quantitative characterization on the phenomenon of mineral miscibility, which is of great significance to explore the mineral diagenetic evolution.

An excellent ecological environment is conducive for improving economic benefits and social benefits. The environmental pollution control requires the cooperation of governments at all levels and a large amount of capital investment. However, under the system with Chinese characteristics, the intergovernmental relations present complex and dynamic characteristics: the central government is authoritative, the local governments are obedient and self-interested, and the environmental pollution control usually involves multiple government departments, while it has strong externality, which makes it easy to breed “free rider” behavior in the process of environmental pollution control. Therefore, the cross-regional environmental pollution control cooperation model of governments at all levels is a complex and worthwhile research problem. Based on this, the paper studies a tripartite game problem of environmental pollution control from both horizontal and vertical intergovernmental relations. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation was used to obtain the optimal effort strategy, environmental pollution control level, and environmental pollution losses under the Nash game model, the Stackelberg game model, and the Cooperative game model. The results show the following: firstly, the governments’ environmental pollution control efforts are positively related to their own execution ability and influence ability and negatively related to the cost coefficient; secondly, from the perspectives of environmental pollution control level and environmental pollution losses, the Cooperative game model is superior to the Nash game model and the Stackelberg game; thirdly, this paper analyzes the relationship between the loss-bearing ratio, the special financial funds, the effort level of government, and the environmental pollution control level; finally, the conclusions are verified by numerical analysis, which proves the validity of the models.

Nowadays, people have an increasing interest in fresh products such as new shoes and cosmetics. To this end, an E-commerce platform Taobao launched a fresh-item hub page on the recommender system, with which customers can freely and exclusively explore and purchase fresh items, namely, the New Tendency page. In this work, we make a first attempt to tackle the fresh-item recommendation task with two major challenges. First, a fresh-item recommendation scenario usually faces the challenge that the training data are highly deficient due to low page views. In this paper, we propose a deep interest-shifting network (DisNet), which transfers knowledge from a huge number of auxiliary data and then shifts user interests with contextual information. Furthermore, three interpretable interest-shifting operators are introduced. Second, since the items are fresh, many of them have never been exposed to users, leading to a severe cold-start problem. Though this problem can be alleviated by knowledge transfer, we further babysit these fully cold-start items by a relational meta-Id-embedding generator (RM-IdEG). Specifically, it trains the item id embeddings in a learning-to-learn manner and integrates relational information for better embedding performance. We conducted comprehensive experiments on both synthetic datasets as well as a real-world dataset. Both DisNet and RM-IdEG significantly outperform state-of-the-art approaches, respectively. Empirical results clearly verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, which are arguably promising and scalable in real-world applications.

Stability of surrounding rock mass and safety of supporting system in mining tunnel are always dominated by fault near excavation limit. The influence degree of the fault varies significantly under different fault distances to mining tunnel and initial stresses condition. In this paper, a series of numerical experiments are conducted to study the displacement, stress, and plastic region in surrounding rock mass. The stress characteristics in sprayed concrete layer are analyzed to study the influence of the fault distance on excavation limit and the initial stress in ground. The fault distance is defined geometrically by a mutual perpendicular line between the excavation limit and fault line nearest to the mining tunnel to quantify the influence. In order to simulate fault specialty reasonably, an interface model based on the theory of cohesive joint element is proposed in the numerical experiment model. Some other disciplinary and quantificational regularities about the influence of the fault distance and tectonic stress are summarized based on the numerical results. The results show that there is a critical distance to judge whether a fault has a prominent influence to mining tunnel. The critical distance depends on the quality of mining tunnel surrounding rock mass, initial stress, and the degree of excavation limit curvature. With the increase of lateral stress coefficient, the vertical displacement at crown decreases, but the horizontal displacement increases in the both right and left sidewalls.

Earth surface texture features referring to as visual features of homogeneity in remote sensing images are very important to understand the relationship between surface information and surrounding environment. Remote sensing data contain rich information of earth surface texture features (image gray reflecting the spatial distribution information of texture features, for instance). Here, we propose an efficient and accurate approach to extract earth surface texture features from remote sensing data, called gray level difference frequency spatial (GLDFS). The gray level difference frequency spatial approach is designed to extract multiband remote sensing data, utilizing principle component analysis conversion to compress the multispectral information, and it establishes the gray level difference frequency spatial of principle components. In the end, the texture features are extracted using the gray level difference frequency spatial. To verify the effectiveness of this approach, several experiments are conducted and indicate that it could retain the coordination relationship among multispectral remote sensing data, and compared with the traditional single-band texture analysis method that is based on gray level co-occurrence matrix, the proposed approach has higher classification precision and efficiency.

Purpose. This study was aimed at evaluating the motor cortical excitability and connectivity underlying the neural mechanism of motor deficit in acute stroke by the combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electrophysiological measures. Methods. Twenty-five patients with motor deficit after acute ischemic stroke were involved. General linear model and dynamic causal model analyses were applied to fMRI data for detecting motor-related activation and effective connectivity of the motor cortices. Motor cortical excitability was determined as a resting motor threshold (RMT) of motor evoked potential detected by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). fMRI results were correlated with cortical excitability and upper extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment scores, respectively. Results. Greater fMRI activation likelihood and motor cortical excitability in the ipsilesional primary motor area (M1) region were associated with better motor performance. During hand movements, the inhibitory connectivity from the contralesional to the ipsilesional M1 was correlated with the degree of motor impairment. Furthermore, ipsilesional motor cortex excitability was correlated with an enhancement of promoting connectivity in ipsilesional M1 or a reduction of interhemispheric inhibition in contralesional M1. Conclusions. The study suggested that a dysfunction of the ipsilesional M1 and abnormal interhemispheric interactions might underlie the motor disability in acute ischemic stroke. Modifying the excitability of the motor cortex and correcting the abnormal motor network connectivity associated with the motor deficit might be the therapeutic target in early neurorehabilitation for stroke patients.

Recent studies have shown that random nodes are vulnerable in interdependent networks with simple coupling. However, relationships in actual networks are interrelated and complex coupling. This paper analyzes the vulnerability of interdependent scale-free networks with complex coupling based on the BA model. The results indicate that these networks have the same vulnerability against the maximum node attack, the load of the maximum node attack, and the random node attack, which explain that the coupling relationship between network nodes is an important factor in network design.

This paper is concerned with situations in which the uncertain measure of an event can only be zero or one, and the uncertain zero-one laws are derived within the framework of uncertainty theory that can be seen as the counterpart of Kolmogorov zero-one law and Borel-Cantelli lemma, which can be used as a tool for solving some problems concerning almost sure convergence of uncertain sequence.