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Abstract Photonic crystals are a new class of optical microstructure materials characterized by a dielectric constant that varies periodically with space and features a photonic bandgap. Inspired by natural photonic crystals such as butterfly scales, a series of artificial photonic crystals are developed for use in integrated photonic platforms, biosensing, communication, and other fields. Among them, colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) have gained widespread attention due to their excellent optical properties and advantages, such as ease of preparation and functionalization. This work reviews the classification and self‐assembly principles of CPCs, details some of the latest biomedical applications of large‐area, high‐quality CPCs prepared using advanced self‐assembly methods, summarizes the existing challenges in CPC construction and application, and anticipates future development directions and optimization strategy. With further advancements, CPCs are expected to play a more critical role in biosensors, drug delivery, cell research, and other fields, bringing significant benefits to biomedical research and clinical practice.

Abstract Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in clinical practice to treat diseases related to central nervous system (CNS) damage. However, the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a significant impediment to the effective delivery of TCM, thus substantially diminishing its efficacy. Advances in nanotechnology and its applications in TCM (also known as nano‐TCM) can deliver active ingredients or components of TCM across the BBB to the targeted brain region. This review provides an overview of the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the BBB and systematically classifies the common TCM used to treat CNS diseases and types of nanocarriers that effectively deliver TCM to the brain. Additionally, drug delivery strategies for nano‐TCMs that utilize in vivo physiological properties or in vitro devices to bypass or cross the BBB are discussed. This review further focuses on the application of nano‐TCMs in the treatment of various CNS diseases. Finally, this article anticipates a design strategy for nano‐TCMs with higher delivery efficiency and probes their application potential in treating a wider range of CNS diseases.

Abstract Electrical stimulation (ES), as one of the physical therapy modalities for tumors, has attracted extensive attention of researchers due to its promising efficacy. With the continuous development of material science, nanotechnology, and micro/nano processing techniques, novel electroactive nanomaterials and delicately designed devices have emerged to realize innovative ES therapies, which provide more possibilities and approaches for tumor treatment. Meanwhile, exploring the molecular biological mechanisms underlying different ES modalities affecting tumor cells and their immune microenvironment is also an unresolved hotspot emerging from the current biomedical engineering research. Focusing on the above research interests, in this review, we systematically summarized the effects of different ES parameters on the subcellular structure of tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in conjunction with the involved signaling pathways. In addition, we also reviewed the latest progress in novel self‐powered devices and electroactive nanomaterials for tumor therapy. Finally, the prospects for the development of electrostimulation tumor therapy are also discussed, bringing inspiration for the development of new physical therapy strategies in the future.

This study aims to investigate the blood flow in bionic artificial blood vessels and to reduce the resistance to blood flow, the drag reduction characteristics of V-shaped groove drag reduction microstructures in artificial blood vessel structures were investigated in depth. By varying the parameters of incoming flow velocity, groove width, and groove depth, the effect of various variable conditions on the drag reduction effect of the grooves was investigated, and the flow field characteristics and drag reduction effect of the V-shaped groove microstructure in the artificial blood vessel were obtained. A detailed analysis of the effect of velocity and groove size on the drag reduction effect of the groove was also carried out to demonstrate the drag reduction mechanism of the V-shaped groove microstructure and to summarize the variation law of the drag reduction rate of the V-shaped groove. The results show that the resistance reduction rate of the V-shaped groove microstructure decreases with the increase of blood flow velocity, increases with the increase of groove width, and increases and then decreases with the increase of groove depth. The velocity range used in this paper is 0.3–0.6 m/s, the groove width varies from 0 to 0.3 mm, and the groove depth varies from 0 to 0.3 mm.

Abstract Artificial intelligence‐enhanced skin‐like sensors based on flexible nanogenerators have been widely used in physiological signal acquisition, artificial organ, sensory simulation, human movement status recognition, and other biomedical related fields due to their excellent biocompatibility, comfortable wearing experience, high sensing accuracy, and low power consumption. In this paper, the working principle, evolution process, and several established general strategies of artificial intelligence‐enhanced skin‐like sensors are summarized in detail. More importantly, this paper further reviews several recent important advances on artificial intelligence enhanced skin‐like sensor, and systematically analyzes and compares these works according to their principles and application directions. In the discussion section, we also list the current concerns of stress adaptation, stretchability–conductivity, algorithm optimization, function integration, and propose potential solutions to these problems. We hope that the deep integration of artificial intelligence and flexible nanogenerators can bring more enlightenment to the progress of biomedical engineering in the future.

Abstract Bioinspired sensor system leads the development of new generation sensor technology with remarkable features like ultra‐sensitivity, low‐power consumption and self‐adaptability. With the help of bioinspired sensor systems, human perception can be quantified and machines can be endowed with specific perception. As an emerging technology, bioinspired sensor system has been widely used in various fields such as industrial, medical, food safety, military and robotic. This review summarizes the recent process of bioinspired sensor system. First, three bionic strategies are defined as bionic materials, bionic structures, and functional bionic according to the sources of bionic inspiration. Second, bioinspired sensor systems with different working mechanisms are summarized and classified into piezoresistive, capacitive, triboelectric, piezoelectric, and other types. Afterward, for applications, the representative works of bioinspired sensor system for health care and human‐machine interaction are focused and introduced, respectively. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of bioinspired sensor system are also discussed.

Abstract Background Cancer patients are at a high risk of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and are more likely to develop severe illness and have higher mortality once infected. In the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is urgent to understand the effects of antitumor therapy on the prognosis of patients with COVID‐19. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, MedRxiv, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) until 21 June 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were evaluated using a random effects model to analyze the effects of antitumor therapies on COVID‐19 patients. Results For cancer patients with COVID‐19, the death events related to antitumor treatment were higher than those with no antitumor treatment (OR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.07–2.25; p = 0.021). Compared with patients in the survival group, the non‐survival group showed no significant differences in patients who received antitumor therapy. Compared with patients in the non‐severe group, the severe group was more likely to receive antitumor therapy (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.02–2.19; p = 0.037) and there was a significant difference. The incidence of severe events was higher in the subgroup of chemotherapy (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.09–2.73). Conclusion The synthesized evidence suggests that cancer patients with COVID‐19 who received antitumor treatment shortly before symptom onset are more likely to experience severe symptoms and have high mortality. Receiving chemotherapy is an unfavorable factor for the prognosis of cancer patients with COVID‐19.

Abstract Self‐powerability is a new trend in the development of portable devices. Harvesting biomechanical energy to power personal information electronics is of great significance. In this work, we report a wearable noncontact free‐rotating hybrid nanogenerator (WRG), which is constituted by a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator. A continuous output over 2 seconds can be achieved during one instantaneous incentive by external force, which is improved by two orders of magnitude compared to other wearable nanogenerators due to its unique mechanical energy storage design. The WRG can be integrated into shoes to generate an output energy of 14.68 mJ in each stepping, which meets the power requirements of most personal information electronics. The wireless sensor, GPS, and smartphone can be powered by the WRG continuously. The WRG is expected to be applied in self‐powered information electronics extensively in the future.

Abstract Electrospinning (e‐spin) technique has emerged as a versatile and feasible pathway for constructing diverse polymeric fabric structures, which show potential applications in many biological and biomedical fields. Owing to the advantages of adjustable mechanics, designable structures, versatile surface multi‐functionalization, and biomimetic capability to natural tissue, remarkable progress has been made in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering for the sensing and therapeutic purposes. In this perspective, we review recent works on design of the hierarchically structured e‐spin fibers, as well as, the fabrication strategies from one‐dimensional individual fiber (1D) to three‐dimensional (3D) fiber arrangements adaptive to specific applications. Then, we focus on the most cutting‐edge progress of their applications in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering. Finally, we propose future challenges and perspectives for promoting electrospun fiber‐based products toward industrialized, intelligent, multifunctional, and safe applications.

Summary Microbial sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation are vital processes to enhance organic matter degradation in sediments. However, the diversity and composition of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and their environmental driving factors are still poorly understood in aquaculture ponds, which received mounting of organic matter. In this study, bacterial communities, SRB and SOB from sediments of aquaculture ponds with different sizes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were analysed using high‐throughput sequencing and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). The results indicated that microbial communities in aquaculture pond sediments of large juvenile fish showed the highest richness and abundance of SRB and SOB, potentially further enhancing microbial sulfur cycling. Specifically, SRB were dominated by Desulfobulbus and Desulfovibrio, whereas SOB were dominated by Dechloromonas and Leptothrix. Although large juvenile fish ponds had relatively lower concentrations of sulfur compounds (i.e. total sulfur, acid‐volatile sulfide and elemental sulfur) than those of larval fish ponds, more abundant SRB and SOB were found in the large juvenile fish ponds. Further redundancy analysis (RDA) and linear regression indicated that sulfur compounds and sediment suspension are the major environmental factors shaping the abundance and community structure of SRB and SOB in aquaculture pond sediments. Findings of this study expand our current understanding of microbial driving sulfur cycling in aquaculture ecosystems and also provide novel insights for ecological and green aquaculture managements.

Abstract Monitoring various medical information distributed throughout the body is of great importance in early clinic diagnosis and treatment of disease. To discover abnormal medical signals and find their causes in good time, the human body should be monitored continuously and accurately. To meet the requirements, various battery‐less and self‐powered information acquisition techniques are invented. In this review, the recent advances in self‐powered medical information sensors (SMIS) with different functions, structure design, and electric performance are summarized and discussed. The SMIS mainly involves triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), pyroelectric nanogenerator (PyNG)/ thermoelectric generator (TEG) and solar cell. Additionally, this review also analyzed the remaining challenges and prospected the development direction of SMIS in future.

Background. Cervical cancer, especially in underdeveloped areas, poses a great threat to human health. In view of this, we stratified the age and social demographic index (SDI) based on the epidemiological development trend and attributable risk of cervical cancer in countries and regions around the world. Methods. According to the data statistics of the global burden of disease database (GBD) in the past 30 years, we adopted the annual percentage change (EAPCs) to evaluate the incidence trend of cervical cancer, that is, incidence rate, mortality, and disability adjusted life expectancy (DALY). Meanwhile, we investigated the potential influence of SDI on cervical cancer’s epidemiological trends and relevant risk factors for cervical cancer-related mortality. Results. In terms of incidence rate and mortality, the high SDI areas were significantly lower than those of low SDI areas. The incidence and mortality in women aged 20 to 39 were relatively stable, whereas an upward trend existed in patients aged 40 to 59. The global cervical cancer incidence rate increased from 335642 in 1990 to 565541 in 2019 (an increase of 68.50%, with an average annual growth rate of 2.28%), while the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) showed a slight downward trend of 14.91/100000 people (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.37-17.55) in 1990 to 13.35/100,000 persons (95% UI, 11.37-15.03) in 2019. The number of annual deaths at a global level increased constantly and there were 184,527 (95% UI, 164,836-218,942) deaths in 1990 and 280,479 (95% UI, 238,864-313,930) deaths in 2019, with an increase of 52.00%(average annual growth rate: 1.73%). The annual age-standardized disability adjusted annual life rate showed a downward trend (decline range: 0.95%, 95% confidence interval [CI], from −1.00% to − 0.89%). In addition, smoking and unsafe sex were the main attributable hazard factors in most GBD regions. Conclusions. In the past three decades, the increase in the global burden of cervical cancer is mainly concentrated in underdeveloped regions (concentrated in low SDI). On the contrary, in countries with high sustainable development index, the burden of cervical cancer tends to be reduced. Alarmingly, ASIR in areas with low SDI is on the rise, which suggests that policy makers should pay attention to the allocation of public health resources and focus on the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in underdeveloped areas, so as to reduce its incidence rate, mortality, and prognosis.

Abstract Green and eco‐friendly energy technology are crucial to reduce environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), as an emergency green energy technology, which can get the energy from the surrounding environment and organism. The development of TENG based on degradable materials strongly promote the next‐generation green energy technologies that will effectively avoid pollution and hazards caused by metal and hardly degradable plastic materials. In this review, we summarize the TENG based on degradable materials and its applications. The typical degradable materials for TENG are animal‐based degradable material, plant‐based degradable material, and artificial degradable material. We provide perspectives on the challenges and potential solutions associated with the next‐generation degradable TENG. Beyond the material issue, we highlight the full biodegradable devices that show the healthcare function in vivo.

Regenerative endodontic treatment was performed on a mature maxillary premolar diagnosed as chronic pulpitis. The root canals were chemomechanically prepared and placed intracanal medicaments at the first appointment. Then 2 weeks later, a blood clot was created in the canals, over which mineral trioxide aggregate was placed. At 6-month follow-up, cementum-like tissue seemed to be formed in the root canal along with nearly recovered pulp vitality. At 12-month recall, the radiographic results revealed evidence of root wall thickening. At 30-month recall, no periapical lesion was found. This case report indicates that regenerative endodontic treatment for the mature premolar is feasible. More cases are needed for further validation.