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Objectives To understand the impact of therapy sequencing on progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). The use of daily, low-dose, lenalidomide maintenance (LM) has raised concern for fostering resistance, preventing its use in the relapsed setting. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of survival outcomes from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database. Patients were grouped based on receipt of LM after autologous stem cell transplant and receipt of lenalidomide in second-line therapy, 575 patients were included. Results Patients treated with LM had statistically similar 2nd PFS when re-exposed to lenalidomide in second-line therapy compared to those receiving non-lenalidomide-containing regimens (10.2 vs 14.0 months, P =.53). This cohort also had the longest 2nd OS, 18 months longer than patients treated with LM who did not receive lenalidomide at relapse (55.3 vs 37 months, P =.004). Patients treated with LM also demonstrated deeper responses to second-line therapy than their non-LM counterparts. Conclusion Our data suggest that patients progressing on LM who receive lenalidomide-containing therapy at first relapse have comparable 2nd PFS and better 2nd OS compared to non-lenalidomide-containing second-line regimens. Identification of patients mostly likely to benefit from further lenalidomide-containing therapy is paramount.

Background Second‐line (2L) chemotherapy after nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) is important for improving the survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). However, many patients fail to receive 2L chemotherapy because of rapid disease progression. Therefore, early recognition of any ineffectiveness during AG might lead to an increased induction rate of 2L chemotherapy. Aim We investigated the significance of treatment response at 8 weeks as a predictive factor for the induction of 2L chemotherapy after AG. Methods and results From January 2015 to January 2019, 41 patients with APC underwent AG as first‐line chemotherapy at our institute. Thirty‐three patients were evaluated at 8 weeks. Sixteen patients (48%) underwent 2L chemotherapy and 17 (52%) underwent no 2L chemotherapy. Clinical features and treatment response at 8 weeks were, retrospectively, compared among patients. Predictive factors for the induction of 2L chemotherapy were analyzed. Patients with an objective response by 8 weeks received 2L chemotherapy more frequently (P = .026). Decreased CA19‐9 (

BACKGROUND: Second‐line (2 L) chemotherapy is important for improved survival. However, the efficacy of S‐1 after nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) for advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) remains unclear. AIM: We retrospectively investigated the clinical impact of S‐1 after AG. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2015 to July 2018, 37 patients with APC underwent AG as first‐line chemotherapy at our institute. Of these patients, 14 (38%) underwent S‐1 as 2 L chemotherapy after AG (S‐1 group), five (14%) received another agent after AG, and 18 (49%) underwent no 2 L chemotherapy (best supportive care [BSC] group). The clinical features were retrospectively compared between the S‐1 and BSC groups. Prognostic factors for residual survival (RS) were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. The induction rate of 2 L chemotherapy was 51%, and most patients received S‐1 monotherapy (74%). The disease control rate and progression‐free survival duration were 57.1% and 2.8 months, respectively. The median RS duration in the S‐1 and BSC groups was 5.2 and 2.4 months, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.33; P = .005). The median overall survival duration in the S‐1 and BSC groups was 12.3 and 5.0 months, respectively; this difference was also statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.26; P = .001). The efficacy of S‐1 in 2L chemotherapy for RS was identified in the multivariate analysis, as was age (

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Second-line Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer not from short term efficacy but from the survival rate. Patients and Methods: Eighty-seven patients with epitherial ovarian cancer treated with Second-line chemotherapy from 1993 were examined retrospectively. All the patients were treated with platinum as first line chemotherapy (≥ 3 courses). Paclitaxel was used for Second-line Chemotherapy in 25 patients. The Kaplan-Meier Method and Log-Rank Test were carried out for the cumulative survival rate and analysis. Results: The Median Survival Time of all patients after Second-line Chemotherapy was 23.6 months. Any significant difference in the survival rate was recognized only by the histological diagnosis (p