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Abstract Photonic crystals are a new class of optical microstructure materials characterized by a dielectric constant that varies periodically with space and features a photonic bandgap. Inspired by natural photonic crystals such as butterfly scales, a series of artificial photonic crystals are developed for use in integrated photonic platforms, biosensing, communication, and other fields. Among them, colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) have gained widespread attention due to their excellent optical properties and advantages, such as ease of preparation and functionalization. This work reviews the classification and self‐assembly principles of CPCs, details some of the latest biomedical applications of large‐area, high‐quality CPCs prepared using advanced self‐assembly methods, summarizes the existing challenges in CPC construction and application, and anticipates future development directions and optimization strategy. With further advancements, CPCs are expected to play a more critical role in biosensors, drug delivery, cell research, and other fields, bringing significant benefits to biomedical research and clinical practice.

Abstract Creating photonic crystals that can integrate and switch between multiple structural color images will greatly advance their utility in dynamic information transformation, high‐capacity storage, and advanced encryption, but has proven to be highly challenging. Here, it is reported that by programmably integrating newly developed 1D quasi‐periodic folding structures into a 3D photonic crystal, the generated photonic superstructure exhibits distinctive optical effects that combine independently manipulatable specular and anisotropic diffuse reflections within a versatile protein‐based platform, thus creating different optical channels for structural color imaging. The polymorphic transition of the protein format allows for the facile modulation of both folding patterns and photonic lattices and, therefore, the superstructure's spectral response within each channel. The capacity to manipulate the structural assembly of the superstructure enables the programmable encoding of multiple independent patterns into a single system, which can be decoded by the simple adjustment of lighting directions. The multifunctional utility of the photonic platform is demonstrated in information processing, showcasing its ability to achieve multimode transformation of information codes, multi‐code high‐capacity storage, and high‐level numerical information encryption. The present strategy opens new pathways for achieving multichannel transformable imaging, thereby facilitating the development of emerging information conversion, storage, and encryption media using photonic crystals.

Abstract Anticoagulation is vital to maintain blood fluidic status and physiological functions in the field of clinical blood‐related procedures. Here, novel biomimetic anticoagulated porous inverse opal hydrogel particles is presented as anticoagulant bearing dynamic screening capability. The inverse opal hydrogel particles possess abundant sulfonic and carboxyl groups, which serve as binding sites with multiple coagulation factors and inhibit the blood coagulation process. Owing to the variations of refractive index and pore sizes during the binding process, the particles appeared corresponding structure color variations, which can be adopted as sensory index of anticoagulation. Based on these features, a sensor containing these diverse structure color particle units is constructed for pattern recognition of coagulation factors level in clinical plasma samples. By analyzing the sensory information of the unit, the colorimetric “fingerprint” for each target can be obtained and summarized as a database. Besides, a portable test‐strip integrating sensory units is developed to distinguish the sample regarding abnormal coagulation factors‐derived diseases via multivariate data analysis. It is believed that such biomimetic anticoagulated structural color particles and their derived sensor will open new avenue for clinical detection and disease diagnosis.

Abstract Robust anti‐counterfeiting techniques aim for easy identification while remaining difficult to forge, especially for high‐value items such as currency and passports. However, many existing anti‐counterfeiting techniques rely on deterministic processes, resulting in loopholes for duplication and counterfeiting. Therefore, achieving high‐level encryption and easy authentication through conventional anti‐counterfeiting techniques has remained a significant challenge. To address this, this work proposes a solution that combined fluorescence and structural colors, creating a physically unclonable multiplex encryption system (PUMES). In this study, the physicochemical properties of colloidal photonic inks are systematically adjusted to construct a comprehensive printing phase diagram, revealing the printable region. Furthermore, the brightness and color saturation of inkjet‐printed colloidal photonic crystal structural colors are optimized by controlling the substrate's hydrophobicity, printed droplet volume, and the addition of noble metals. Finally, fluorescence is incorporated to build PUMES, including macroscopic fluorescence and structural color patterns, as well as microscopic physically unclonable fluorescence patterns. The PUMES with intrinsic randomness and high encoding capacity are authenticated by a deep learning algorithm, which proved to be reliable and efficient under various observation conditions. This approach can provide easy identification and formidable resistance against counterfeiting, making it highly promising for the next‐generation anti‐counterfeiting of currency and passports.

Abstract Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers are a class of soft photonic crystals with periodic nanostructures. There are two kinds of chiral liquid crystal elastomers with structural colors: cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers with a one‐dimensional helical nanostructure and blue‐phase liquid crystal elastomers with a three‐dimensional photonic crystal nanostructure. The self‐assembled nanostructure of chiral liquid crystal elastomers can be dynamically controlled under external stimulation, and the reflected color can be adjusted throughout the visible light range. Along with the development of innovative material systems and cutting‐edge manufacturing technologies, researchers have proposed diverse strategies to design and synthesize chiral liquid crystal elastomers and have thoroughly investigated their properties and potential applications. Here, we provide a systematic review of the progress in the design and fabrication of smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers, focusing on the cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers via surface‐enforced alignment, bar coating, 3D printing, anisotropic deswelling methods as well as the three‐dimensional self‐assembly of blue‐phase liquid crystal elastomers without additional alignment. Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers are able to respond quickly to external stimuli and have a wide range of applications in areas such as adaptive optics, color‐changing camouflage, soft robotics, and information encryption. This review concludes with a perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the future development of smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers.

Abstract Photonic crystals have drawn tremendous attention in recent years owing to their unique optical properties and remarkable advantages in various applications such as bioassays, sensors and optical devices. Benefiting from the spatially ordered structures, the flow of visible light can be manipulated by photonic crystals in a controlled manner. In this review, we summarize recent progress toward bio‐inspired photonic crystals, including techniques for the construction of spatially ordered structures in diverse dimensions for photonic crystals, and strategies to manipulate the periodicity of the dielectric building blocks to control the light propagation in the presence of external stimuli. We start with the description of structure induced colors in nature with a systematic investigation to reveal the derivation of these colors, followed by a discussion on the design and fabrication of various types of bio‐inspired photonic crystals by manipulating the arrangement of dielectric building blocks. We also highlight the stimuli responsive photonic crystals with tunable optical properties and their applications in sensing and color display.

Abstract Commodity fraud poses significant economic and public health risks while jeopardizing market stability. A promising avenue for addressing this issue involves the incorporation of physical unclonable function (PUF) in anti‐counterfeiting labels for commodity authentication purposes. PUFs are a large number of unbreakable security labels generated through a random process, which exhibit unique physical pattern responses that are impervious to replication. In particular, a novel kind of a PUF model, called structural color‐based PUFs, combing the structural color characteristics of angle‐dependent stability and brightness with unclonable property, offers unassailable encryption capabilities and serves as a formidable safeguard against forgery. This review undertakes a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in PUF technology leveraging structural color materials. Moreover, it provides a systematic description of the recognition and authentication technology employed in optical structural color PUFs. Finally, a prospective summary and outlook is proposed to explain existing challenges, and highlight potential developments in anti‐counterfeiting technology incorporating structural color PUF labels.

Abstract Low‐swelling polymers (LSPs) generally refer to materials with a low solvent absorption ratio or volume expansion rate at swelling equilibrium. LSPs with exceptional responsiveness could be upgraded to smart sensors with structural color self‐reporting by bridging photonic crystals (PCs). Based on the regulation of swelling to effective refractive index, lattice spacing, the order‐disorder arrangement of nanostructures, and incident/detection angle, the structural color feedback of smart photonic crystal sensors (SPCSs) can quantitatively and visually reveal the stimulus, which greatly promotes the interdisciplinary development of nanophotonic technology in the fields of chemical engineering, materials science, engineering mechanics, biomedicine, environmental engineering, etc. Herein, to clarify the role of the photonic structures and polymer molecules in high‐performance SPCSs, LSP‐based SPCSs are summarized and discussed, including general swelling mechanisms, color change strategies, structural design, and typical functional applications. It aims to figure out the combination rule between PC structures and LSPs, optimize the design of PC structures, and expound the corresponding structural color sensing mechanisms, inspiring the fabrication of next‐generation SPCSs. Finally, perspectives on future structural design and sensing applications are also presented. It is believed that SPCSs are multifunctional nanophotonic tools for the interdisciplinary development of numerous engineering fields in the future.

Abstract Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are endowed with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties and are considered promising candidates in numerous cutting‐edge fields. However, the inherent black color of CNTFs hinders their practical application in fields with high aesthetic requirements such as wearable devices and smart textiles. Due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness, CNTFs are hard to be dyed by conventional chemical dyes or colorful inks. Herein, we realize a structural coloration of CNTFs by coating them with two metal oxide layers via atomic layer deposition. The three elements of color, that is, hue, saturation, and brightness, can be controlled by adjusting the types and thickness of each oxide layer. Colorful CNTFs with wide color gamut and high saturation are achieved through different combinations. A film interference model is also established to reveal the mechanism of the structural coloration, which is a comprehensive result of thin‐film interference and surface roughness briefly. The calculated reflectance well fits the measured results by introducing surface roughness parameters. Moreover, the colored CNTFs are not iridescent because of retinal signal delay, which will further expand their applications.

Abstract Dielectric nanostructures have recently been frequently employed as building blocks for photonic structures due to their advantages, including low energy dissipation, good chemical stability, and distinct resonant properties compared to plasmonic nanostructures. One of the most important principles that governs the optical property of dielectric nanoparticles is Mie resonance, which highly depends on dielectric property, size, morphology, and assembly structures of the nanoparticles as well as the surrounding environment. Among diverse types of Mie‐resonant nanoparticles, hollow spheres are particularly attractive as they can reduce multiple scattering and elongates the mean free path of the light passing through, which results in enhanced Mie resonance compared to solid particles and benefits a broad range of applications including structural color and beyond. This article aims at reviewing the recent development of Mie‐resonant hollow spheres from aspects starting from a brief theoretical introduction of Mie resonance in hollow spheres, principles for regulation of the resonances, followed by common strategies for synthesis, and recent advances in applications of Mie‐resonant hollow spheres. Remarks on the challenges and future opportunities in this area will also be presented.

Herein, deep learning (DL) is used to predict the structural parameters of Ag nanohole arrays (NAs) for spectrum‐driving and color‐driving plasmonic applications. A dataset of transmission spectra and structural parameters of NAs is generated using finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculations and is converted to vivid structural colors using the corresponding transmission spectrum. A bidirectional neural network is used to train the transmission spectrum and structural color together. The accuracy of predicting the structural parameters using a desired spectrum is tested and found to be up to 0.99, with a determination coefficient of reproducing the desired spectrum and color to be 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. These values are higher compared to those when only training for spectrum, but requiring less training time. This strategy is able to inverse design the NAs in less than 1 s to maximize surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement by matching transmission resonance and laser excitation wavelength, and accurately regenerate colored images in 7.5 s, allowing for nanoscale printing at a resolution of approximately 100 000 dots in−1. This work has important implications for the efficient design of nanostructures for various plasmonic applications, such as plasmonic sensors, optical filters, metal‐enhanced fluorescence, SERS, and super‐resolution displays.

Abstract Hydrogel patches have outstanding values in wound treatment; challenges in this field are concentrated on developing functional and intelligent hydrogel patches with new antibacterial strategies for improving healing process. Herein, a novel melanin‐integrated structural color hybrid hydrogel patches for wound healing is presented. Such hybrid hydrogel patches are fabricated by infusing asiatic acid (AA)‐loaded low melting‐point agarose (AG) pregel into the melanin nanoparticles (MNPs)‐integrated fish gelatin inverse opal film. In this system, MNPs not only impart the hybrid hydrogels with properties of photothermal antibacterial and antioxidant, but also improve the visibility of structural colors by providing an inherent dark background. Besides, the photothermal effect of MNPs under near‐infrared irradiation can also trigger liquid transformation of AG component in hybrid patch, resulting in the controllable release of its loaded proangiogenic AA. Attracting, this drug release induced refractive index variations in the patch can be detected as visible structural color shifting, which can be used to monitor their delivery processes. Benefiting from these features, the hybrid hydrogel patches are demonstrated to achieve excellent therapeutic effects for in vivo wound treatment. Thus, it is believed that the proposed melanin‐integrated structural color hybrid hydrogels are valuable as multifunctional patches for clinical applications.

Abstract Stimuli‐responsive structural coloration allows the color change of soft substrates in response to environmental stimuli such as heat, humidity, and solvents. Such color‐changing systems enable smart soft devices, such as the camouflageable skin of soft robots or chromatic sensors in wearable devices. However, individually and independently programmable stimuli‐responsive color pixels remain significant challenges among the existing color‐changing soft materials and devices, which are crucial for dynamic display. Inspired by the dual‐color concavities on butterfly wings, a morphable concavity array to pixelate the structural color of two‐dimensional photonic crystal elastomer and achieve individually and independently addressable stimuli‐responsive color pixels is designed. The morphable concavity can convert its surface between concave and flat upon changes in the solvent and temperature, accompanied by angle‐dependent color‐shifting. Through multichannel microfluidics, the color of each concavity can be controllably switched. Based on the system, the dynamic display by forming reversibly editable letters and patterns for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption are demonstrated. It is believed that the strategy of pixelating optical properties through locally altering surface topography can inspire the design of new transformable optical devices, such as artificial compound eyes or crystalline lenses for biomimetic and robotic applications.

Abstract Structural colors materials are profoundly explored owing to their fantastic optical properties and widespread applications. Development of structural color materials bearing flexible morphologies and versatile functionalities is highly anticipated. Here, a droplet‐confined, magnetic‐induced self‐assembly strategy for generating rotary structural color spindles (SCSPs) by fast solvent extraction is proposed. The as‐prepared SCSPs exhibit an orderly close‐packed lattice structure, thus appearing brilliant structural colors that serve as encoding tags for multiplexed bioassays. Besides, benefitting from the abundant specific surface area, biomarkers can be labeled on the SCSPs with high efficiency for specific detection of analytes in clinical samples. Moreover, the directional magnetic moment arrangement enables contactless magnetic manipulation of the SCSPs, and the resultant rotary motions of the SCSPs generates turbulence in the detection solution, thus significantly improving the detection efficiency and shortening the detection time. Based on these merits, a portable point‐of‐care‐testing strip integrating the rotary SCSPs is further constructed and the capability and advantages of this platform for multiplexed detection of tumor‐related exosomes in clinical samples are demonstrated. This study offers a new way for the control of bottom‐up self‐assembly and extends the configuration and application values of colloidal crystal structural colors materials.

Abstract Measuring flow of gases is of fundamental importance yet is typically done with complex equipment. There is, therefore, a longstanding need for a simple and inexpensive means of flow measurement. Here, gas flow is measured using an extremely simple device that consists of an Ar plasma‐treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab adhered on a glass substrate with a tight seal. This device does not even have a channel, instead, gas can flow between the PDMS and the glass by deforming the PDMS wall, in other words, by making an interstice as a temporary path for the flow. The formation of the temporary path results in a compressive bending stress at the inner wall of the path, which leads to the formation of well‐ordered wrinkles, and hence, the emergence of structural color that changes the optical transmittance of the device. Although it is very simple, this setup works sufficiently well to measure arbitrary gases and analyzes their flow rates, densities, and viscosities based on the change in color. It is also demonstrated that this technique is applicable to the flow‐induced display of a pattern such as a logo for advanced applications.

Abstract Daytime radiative cooling (DRC) materials offer a sustainable approach to thermal management by exploiting net positive heat transfer to deep space. While such materials typically have a white or mirror‐like appearance to maximize solar reflection, extending the palette of available colors is required to promote their real‐world utilization. However, the incorporation of conventional absorption‐based colorants inevitably leads to solar heating, which counteracts any radiative cooling effect. In this work, efficient sub‐ambient DRC (Day: −4 °C, Night: −11 °C) from a vibrant, structurally colored film prepared from naturally derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), is instead demonstrated. Arising from the underlying photonic nanostructure, the film selectively reflects visible light resulting in intense, fade‐resistant coloration, while maintaining a low solar absorption (≈3%). Additionally, a high emission within the mid‐infrared atmospheric window (>90%) allows for significant radiative heat loss. By coating such CNC films onto a highly scattering, porous ethylcellulose (EC) base layer, any sunlight that penetrates the CNC layer is backscattered by the EC layer below, achieving broadband solar reflection and vibrant structural color simultaneously. Finally, scalable manufacturing using a commercially relevant roll‐to‐roll process validates the potential to produce such colored radiative cooling materials at a large scale from a low‐cost and sustainable feedstock.

Abstract Heart‐on‐a‐chip plays an important role in revealing the biological mechanism and developing new drugs for cardiomyopathy. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing heart‐on‐a‐chip systems featuring simplified fabrication, accurate imitation and microphysiological visuality. In this paper, the authors present a novel electroconductive and anisotropic structural color hydrogel by simply polymerizing non‐close‐packed colloidal arrays on super aligned carbon nanotube sheets (SACNTs) for visualized and accurate heart‐on‐a‐chip construction. The generated anisotropic hydrogel consists of a colloidal array‐locked hydrogel layer with brilliant structural color on one surface and a conductive methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/SACNTs film on the other surface. It is demonstrated that the anisotropic morphology of the SACNTs could effectively induce the alignment of cardiomyocytes, and the conductivity of SACNTs could contribute to the synchronous beating of cardiomyocytes. Such consistent beating rhythm caused the deformation of the hydrogel substrates and dynamic shifts in structural color and reflection spectra of the whole hybrid hydrogels. More attractively, with the integration of such cardiomyocyte‐driven living structural color hydrogels and microfluidics, a visualized heart‐on‐a‐chip system with more consistent beating frequency has been established for dynamic cardiomyocyte sensing and drug screening. The results indicate that the electroconductive and anisotropic structural color hydrogels are potential for various biomedical applications.

In nature, some insects can rapidly propel by using the Marangoni effect without employing the oscillatory movements of legs. Inspired by nature's Marangoni‐propulsion principles, various Marangoni‐propulsion untethered micro‐robots are achieved to propel with small energy storage. For practical use of Marangoni‐propulsion micro‐robots, it is required to have the intelligence to detect the external environment. However, previous Marangoni‐propulsion micro‐robots integrated with wireless micro‐scale sensors that can sense the external environment and transmit the obtained information are not achieved. Herein, Marangoni propulsion micro‐robots integrated with a wireless photonic gel sensor for exploring the aquatic environment and transmitting the environmental information are proposed. The proposed micro‐robots can propel at the water–air interface by the Marangoni effect. The integrated photonic gel sensor can sense the external stimuli and transmit the information by the color change. In this research, the responsivity of the micro‐robots is evaluated by the propulsion velocity and the response time of the photonic gel. It is shown that the propulsion velocity is changed by the outlet area. The response time decreased as the diameter of the photonic gel decreased. Finally, it is demonstrated that the photonic gel sensor can dynamically sense the external stimuli while the micro‐robots propel.

Abstract Polymer indicators are autonomous responsive materials that provide an optical signal of a specific exposure in time. This review describes the different polymer systems utilized to obtain indicators based on structural color. Structural color originates from the interaction of light with a periodic nanostructured polymer which causes a specific wavelength to be reflected. This reflected light can be used for fabricating battery‐free indicators that show visible structural color changes upon exposure to a stimulus or analyte. In this review, the typical structural color response types categorized by stimulus are discussed and compared. Furthermore, the steps toward possible applications of optical indicators based on structural colored polymers are outlined.

Abstract Information security occupies an important position in the era of big data. Attempts to improve the security performance tend to impart them with more additional encryption strategies. Herein, inspired by the wettability feature of Stenocara beetle elytra and signal model of traffic light, a novel array of perovskite nanocrystals (PNs)‐integrated PhC microsphere for information security is presented. The photoluminescent PNs are encapsulated in angle‐independent PhC microspheres to impart them with binary optical signals as coding information. Through the multimask superposition approach, PNs‐integrated PhC microspheres with different codes are placed into fluorosilane‐treated PDMS substrate to form different arrays. These arrays could converge moisture on PhC microspheres in wet environment, which avoids the ions loss of the PNs and effectively prevented mutual contamination. In addition, the fluorescence of the PNs inside PhC microspheres could reversibly quench or recover in response to the environmental moisture. Based on these features, it is demonstrated that the PNs‐integrated PhC microsphere arrays could realize various information encryption modes, which indicate their excellent values in information security fields.

Abstract Electronic skins have received increasing attention in biomedical areas. Current efforts about electronic skins are focused on the development of multifunctional materials to improve their performance. Here, the authors propose a novel natural‐synthetic polymers composite structural color hydrogel film with high stretchability, flexibility, conductivity, and superior self‐reporting ability to construct ideal multiple‐signal bionic electronic skins. The composite hydrogel film is prepared by using the mixture of polyacrylamide (PAM), silk fibroin (SF), poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, PP), and graphene oxide (GO) to replicate colloidal crystal templates and construct inverse opal scaffolds, followed by subsequent acid treatment. Due to these specific structures and components, the resultant film is imparted with vivid structural color and high conductivity while retaining the composite hydrogel's original stretchability and flexibility. The authors demonstrate that the composite hydrogel film has obvious color variation and electromechanical properties during the stretching and bending process, which could thus be utilized as a multi‐signal response electronic skin to realize real‐time color sensing and electrical response during human motions. These features indicate that the proposed composite structural color hydrogel film can widen the practical value of bionic electronic skins.

Abstract Periodic porous structures have been introduced into functional films to meet the requirements of various applications. Though many approaches have been developed to generate desired structures in polymeric films, few of them can effectively and dynamically achieve periodic porous structures. Here, a facile way is proposed to introduce periodic stratified porous structures into polyelectrolyte films. A photo‐crosslinkable polyelectrolyte film of poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and photoreactive poly(acrylic acid) derivative (PAA‐N3) is prepared by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly. Stratified crosslinking of the PEI/PAA‐N3 film is generated basing on standing‐wave optics. The periodic stratified porous structure is constructed by forming pores in noncrosslinked regions in the film. Thanks to the dynamic mobility of polyelectrolytes, this structural controlment can be repeated several times. The size of pores corresponding to the layer spacing of the film contributes to the structural colors. Furthermore, structural color patterns are fabricated in the film by selective photo‐crosslinking using photomasks. Although the large‐scale structural controlment in thick (micron‐scale and above) films needs to be explored further, this work highlights the periodic structural controlment in polymeric films and thus presents an approach for application potentials in sensor, detection, and ink‐free printing.

The implementation of two‐photon polymerization (TPP) in the microrobotics community has permitted the fabrication of complex 3D structures at the microscale, creating novel platforms with potential biomedical applications for minimizing procedure invasiveness and diagnosis accuracy. Although advanced functionalities for manipulation and drug delivery tasks have been explored, one remaining challenge is achieving improved visualization, identification, and accurate closed‐loop control of microscale robots. To enable this, distinguishable identifying and trackable features must be included on the microrobot. Toward this end, the construction of micro‐ and nanoscale patterns using TPP is demonstrated for the first time on microrobot surfaces with the intent of mimicking color‐expressing nanostructures present on beetles or butterflies. The patterns provide identification and tracking targets due to their vivid color expression under visible light. Helical and rectangular microrobots are designed with the topical patterns and further functionalized with magnetic materials to be externally actuated by magnetic fields. Vision‐based tracking of a 20 μm × 30 μm colored feature on a 100 μm‐long helical microrobot using a fixed angular position light source during microrobotic motion is shown. This versatile structural color patterning approach shows great potential for the visual differentiation of various microrobots and tracking for improved closed‐loop control.

The monitoring of mechanical indexes involved in body movement has attracted immense interest in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present a hybrid flexible conductive structural color (SC) film with the capability of dual-signal mechanics screening. The film is constructed by oxidatively polymerizing pyrrole on the surface of an inverse opal polyurethane (IPU) membrane, which can be utilized to measure the mechanical indexes through resistance change. Owing to the inverse opal structure, the film shows visual structural color change when stretched and released according to the body movement. Additionally, the highly uniform ordered porous structure endows the conductive film with a lower coefficient of variance on relative resistance change. Benefiting from these features, we have demonstrated that such a flexible conductive SC film could monitor Parkinson's disease (PD) by detecting mechanical indexes simultaneously via dual signals. These features indicate the great value of the stretchable conductive SC films in mechanics sensing applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Fangfu Ye is a member of the Smart Medicine editorial board., (© 2022 The Authors. Smart Medicine published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.)