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Printed electronic paper identifies its interest in flexible organic electronics and sustainable and clean energy applications because of its straightforward production method, cost‐effectiveness, and positive environmental impact. However, current limitations include restricted material thickness and the use of supporting substrate for printing. Here, 2D and 3D electronic patterned paper are fabricated from direct ink writing (DIW) nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS‐based materials using syringe deposition and 3D printing. The conductor patterns are integrated in the bulk of the paper, while non‐conductive sections are used as support to form free‐standing paper. The strong interface between the patterns of electronic patterned paper gives mechanical stability for practical handling. The conductive paper‐based electrode has 202 S cm−1 and is capable of handling electric current up to 0.7 A, which can be used for high‐power devices. Printed supercapacitor papers show high specific energy of 4.05 Wh kg−1, specific power of 4615 W kg−1 at 0.06 A g−1, and capacitance retention above 95% after 2000 cycles. The new design structure of electronic patterned papers presents a solution for additive manufacturing of paper‐based composites for supercapacitors, wearable electronics, or sensors for smart packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the shelf, highly bleached (soft and white) toilet papers samples of different brands and one grayish toilet paper sample of another brand have been selected for spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, in order to figure out if they can present allergic components in their chemical composition. Traces of Ca, associated with the presence of CaC2O4H2O was found in one of the highly bleached toilet paper samples and in the grayish one. However, no traces of fungi were found in the scanning electronic microscopy images. A trial correlation between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the tested toilet paper samples, surprisingly shows that the grayish toilet paper sample presents the highest softness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regulatory aspects of transfusion medicine add complexity in blinded transfusion trials when considering various electronic record keeping software and blood administration processes. The aim of this study is to explore strategies when blinding transfusion components and products in paper and electronic medical records. Methods: Surveys were collected and interviews were conducted for 18 sites across various jurisdictions in North America to determine solutions applied in previous transfusion randomized control trials. Results: Sixteen responses were collected of which 11 had previously participated in a transfusion randomized control trial. Various solutions were reported which were specific to the laboratory information system (LIS) and electronic medical record (EMR) combinations although solutions could be grouped into four categories which included the creation of a study product code in the LIS, preventing the transmission of data from the LIS to the EMR, utilizing specialized stickers and labels to conceal product containers and documents in the paper records, and modified bedside procedures and documentation. Discussion: LIS and EMR combinations varied across sites, so it was not possible to determine combination‐specific solutions. The study was able to highlight solutions that may be emphasized in future iterations of LIS and EMR software as well as procedural changes that may minimize the risk of unblinding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines the intricate process of applying nutrition evidence to personalized care, emphasizing the importance of sound evidence-based dietary advice in maintaining health and managing diseases. It also discusses the challenges faced in integrating research findings into individualized nutrition interventions, including navigating conflicting information sources and tailoring treatments to diverse health and social situations.

Patch testing is the only clinically applicable diagnostic method for Type IV allergy. The availability of Type IV patch test (PT) allergens in Europe, however, is currently scarce. This severely compromises adequate diagnostics of contact allergy, leading to serious consequences for the affected patients. Against this background, the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD) has created a task force (TF) (i) to explore the current availability of PT substances in different member states, (ii) to highlight some of the unique characteristics of Type IV vs. other allergens and (iii) to suggest ways forward to promote and ensure availability of high‐quality patch testing substances for the diagnosis of Type IV allergies throughout Europe. The suggestions of the TF on how to improve the availability of PT allergens are supported by the ESCD, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and intend to provide potential means to resolve the present medical crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion Increases in global temperatures and extreme weather events associated with climate change have complex yet poorly understood detrimental impacts on human health. We reviewed the current published literature on climate change–related effects and rheumatic conditions.To summarize our current understanding of the likely effects of climate change, including increased air pollution, on rheumatic disease, we searched the published, peer‐reviewed English‐language literature from January 2000 to December 2022. Articles were reviewed by a team of rheumatologists and clinical and translational science researchers. Systematic review articles were not included but informed additional literature searches.After extensive examination and adjudication, 88 articles met inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Much of the epidemiologic investigations assessed associations between air pollution and increased risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis, anti–citrullinated protein antibodies, flares of gout, and hospitalizations for systemic lupus erythematosus. Increased heat vulnerability was associated with higher odds of recurrent hospitalizations across rheumatic conditions. Mechanisms for observed associations are poorly understood but could include the effects of epigenetic changes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines. Studies had limitations, including restricted geography and populations studied without focus on historically marginalized communities at highest risk for adverse effects from pollution and climate change, the relative lack of mechanistic evaluations, and most with only indirect links to climate change.To date, the published literature lacks studies that directly examine effects of climate change on rheumatic diseases. Collaborative translational and epidemiologic research is needed to enhance our understanding and awareness in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusions Poor communication is a leading root cause of preventable maternal mortality in the United States. Communication challenges are compounded with the presence of biases, including racism. Hospital administrators and clinicians are often aware that communication is a problem, but understanding where to intervene can be difficult to determine. While clinical leadership routinely reviews incident reports and acts on them to improve care, we hypothesized that reviewing incident reports in a systematic way might reveal thematic patterns, providing targeted opportunities to improve communication in direct interaction with patients and within the healthcare team itself.We abstracted incident reports from the Women's Health service and linked them with patient charts to join patient's race/ethnicity, birth outcome, and presence of maternal morbidity and mortality to the incident report. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of incident reports using an inductive and deductive approach to categorizing communication challenges. We then described the intersection of different types of communication challenges with patient race/ethnicity and morbidity outcomes.The use of incident reports to conduct research on communication was new for the health system. Conversations with health system‐level stakeholders were important to determine the best way to manage data. We developed a thematic codebook based on prior research in healthcare communication. We found that we needed to add codes that were equity focused, as this was missing from the existing codebook. We also found that clinical and contextual expertise was necessary for conducting the analysis—requiring more resources to conduct coding than initially estimated. We shared our findings back with leadership iteratively during the work.Incident reports represent a promising source of health system data for rapid improvement to transform organizational practice around communication. There are barriers to conducting this work in a rapid manner, however, that require further iteration and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rhinitis and asthma, several mHealth apps have been developed but only a few have been validated. However, these apps have a high potential for improving person‐centred care (PCC), especially in allergen immunotherapy (AIT). They can provide support in AIT initiation by selecting the appropriate patient and allergen shared decision‐making. They can also help in (i) the evaluation of (early) efficacy, (ii) early and late stopping rules and (iii) the evaluation of (carried‐over) efficacy after cessation of the treatment course. Future perspectives have been formulated in the first report of a joint task force (TF)—Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)—on digital biomarkers. The TF on AIT now aims to (i) outline the potential of the clinical applications of mHealth solutions, (ii) express their current limitations, (iii) make proposals regarding further developments for both clinical practice and scientific purpose and (iv) suggest which of the tools might best comply with the purpose of digitally‐enabled PCC in AIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Udeus Champion, 1902 is a weevil genus in the tribe Eugnomini associated with the inflorescences of Cecropia Loefl. (Urticaceae), with 11 valid species distributed in the Neotropics. Species of Udeus are generally rare in collections and their biology is poorly known, despite a high abundance in nature. Here, we describe Udeus cerradensis Lira, de Medeiros & Grossi, sp. nov. from the Brazilian Cerrado, including the first descriptions of larvae and pupae for a Neotropical eugnomine. We assess their role as potential pollinators of their host plant Cecropia saxatilis Snethl. and find that adults do not visit pistillate flowers and therefore are unlikely to be pollinators. This contrasts with previous reports in a different pair of species in Cecropia‐Udeus, suggesting that pollinator agents vary between species in this plant genus. Finally, we provide notes about the predation of larvae of U. cerradensis by social wasps Synoeca surinama (L.) and Protopolybia aff. sedula (Saussure), revealing that, in this instance, an endophytic larva does not prevent predation by a behaviourally flexible predator. This study is the first of a series on the natural history of Udeus and their specialised interactions with host plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastmilk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants and should ideally be provided exclusively for the first 6 months of life, and alongside complementary food until 2 years of life. However, there are circumstances where a breastmilk substitute (BMS) may be required. This includes maternal and/or child conditions or personal preference. Whilst these circumstances should never be used as an opportunity to promote BMS, healthcare professionals (HCPs) need to have the knowledge of suitable alternatives and should always be guided by scientific and health motives when recommending a BMS. The Task Force 'Milk Formula Industry Sponsorship' from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), provides with this publication recommendations for EAACI interactions with the BMS manufacturers and how this will be supervised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the daily stressors experienced by adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the perceived impact of those stressors on their self‐management and psychological well‐being. Design and Methods: We conducted semistructured in‐depth telephone interviews using a qualitative descriptive approach with 20 adolescents aged 14–17 years with T1D and analyzed subsequent data using thematic analysis. Results: Participants who were non‐Hispanic white made up 85% of the sample, 75% identified as female and mean age was 15 years. The study identified two key themes: "the everyday stress of living with diabetes" and "managing stress and supporting psychological well‐being." Participants described heightened mental load, the impact of daily activities, stress associated with public diabetes management, and added stress due to COVID‐19. Primary mitigation techniques included family support, peer support networks, activity engagement, and personal acceptance of their condition. Practice Implications: We found that there is a compound effect that occurs with balancing daily disease management with normative activities of daily living. These data will help guide the design of new interventions and tailoring of existing interventions. Future intervention development may include physical exercise, mindfulness training, and stress reducing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective biodiversity protection is generally associated with a strict rule of law and democratic participation in environmental decision making. Norway's exceptional ranking in terms of governance, however, has failed to be a predictor of effective biodiversity protection. Through a systematic review of the main regulatory frameworks relevant to protecting biodiversity in Norway, this article analyses the misconceptions, perverse incentives and institutional bottlenecks that lie at the centre of the problem. The analysis finds three overarching barriers that regulatory frameworks have created to the effective protection and promotion of biodiversity in Norway, namely, a governance system based on diffuse legal obligations and responsibilities, excessive trust in private operators and considerable discretion to local entities. Accordingly, this article proposes three enabling factors, and related reform suggestions, for mitigating such barriers and domesticating earth system governance in biodiversity matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides information on the diagnosis and management of smouldering myeloma, a precursor condition to multiple myeloma. It discusses various diagnostic tests and imaging techniques used to identify smouldering myeloma and emphasizes the importance of restaging if there is evidence of progression. The article also provides recommendations for screening and initial investigations for suspected myeloma. Additionally, it discusses risk stratification models and treatment options for smouldering myeloma, including the use of lenalidomide. The article concludes by highlighting ongoing clinical trials and the need for further research in the treatment of smouldering myeloma. [Extracted from the article]

Rationale: Rapid on‐site detection of persistent organic pollutants (POP) is highly desirable for environmental protection. Methods: Herein, a rapid on‐site analytical workflow was developed for the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds using multiwalled carbon nanotube–modified paper spray ionization (PSI) coupled with a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Critical parameters regarding PSI and miniature mass spectrometry analysis were optimized. Results: The analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated under optimized conditions, obtaining a short analysis duration of less than 1 min, sufficient linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, acceptable recovery rates of 93.1%–105.8% with relative standard deviations of between 3.5% and 10.3%, and reasonable sensitivity with limits of detection and quantitation of 2–200 and 5–500 μg/L, respectively. Conclusions: Considering these aspects, it was concluded that the present approach demonstrated a promising solution for rapid on‐site detection of emerging POPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erratic, intermittent, and unpredictable nature of sweat production, resulting from physiological or psychological fluctuations, poses intricacies to consistently and accurately sample and evaluate sweat biomarkers. Skin‐interfaced microfluidic devices that rely on colorimetric mechanisms for semi‐quantitative detection are particularly susceptible to these inaccuracies due to variations in sweat secretion rate or instantaneous volume. This work introduces a skin‐interfaced colorimetric bifluidic sweat device with two synchronous channels to quantify sweat rate and biomarkers in real‐time, even during uncertain sweat activities. In the proposed bifluidic‐distance metric approach, with one channel to measure sweat rate and quantify collected sweat volume, the other channel can provide an accurate analysis of the biomarkers based on the collected sweat volume. The closed channel design also reduces evaporation and resists contamination from the external environment. The feasibility of the device is highlighted in a proof‐of‐the‐concept demonstration to analyze sweat chloride for evaluating hydration status and sweat glucose for assessing glucose levels. The low‐cost yet highly accurate device provides opportunities for clinical sweat analysis and disease screening in remote and low‐resource settings. The developed device platform can be facilely adapted for the other biomarkers when corresponding colorimetric reagents are exploited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐dimensional paper‐based microfluidic devices have shown great potential in various applications, including point‐of‐care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and tissue engineering. However, their fabrication is still limited to stacking and origami methods. Inspired by the art of bamboo braiding in China, we developed a novel fabrication technique based on the braiding concept to create three‐dimensional paper‐based microfluidic devices with PDMS‐impregnated paper substrate as the building units. The resulting three‐dimensional paper device brings unique advantages, including compactness, facile disassembly, and real‐time flow visualization. The multiplexed glucose analysis with a braided device integrated with 16‐switchable valves for flow control was further fabricated to demonstrate the device's applicability. We envision braiding‐based fabrication technology opening new possibilities and bringing broad applications for three‐dimensional paper microfluidic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve rapid, non‐destructive, efficient, and accurate classification of paper cup samples, we propose a classification model that integrates shifted‐excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) with self‐organizing map (SOM) and Bayesian optimization–support vector machine (BO‐SVM). We collected differential Raman data from 52 paper cup samples using SERDS, with an excitation wavelength range of 784–785 nm, a laser power of 440 mW, an integration time of 10 s, and a spectral range spanning from 280 to 2700 cm−1. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the data. The SOM clustering outcomes were utilized as the foundation for constructing the discriminant analysis (FDA) and BO‐SVM classification models. The primary constituent of the paper cup samples was identified as cellulose, while additional fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, and kaolin were also present. The SOM clustering categorized the samples into seven distinct groups. The FDA model achieved a classification accuracy of 92.3%, and the BO‐SVM model reached a classification accuracy of 96.2%. The SOM clustering effectively discerned samples with different fillers, as evidenced by distinct peak numbers and shapes in the differential Raman spectra, thereby underscoring the practical significance of SOM clustering. In comparison with FDA, BO‐SVM exhibited enhanced classification accuracy and exceptional performance in handling outliers and linearly inseparable data, indicating its superior generalization capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel, cost‐effective approach involving spectrophotometric and smartphone paper‐based (SPB) methods and a distinctive salting‐out air‐assisted dispersive microextraction procedure to quantify thiocyanate in saliva samples. The method relies on the inhibitory effect of thiocyanate on quinoneimine dye formation during the Emerson reaction with sodium hypochlorite. Spectrophotometry quantifies the extracted dye by monitoring quinoneimine color intensity reduction at 525 nm. In the SPB method, extracted dye is applied to a paper strip, a smartphone captures the colored paper, and an application analyzes red, green, and blue components. All analyte determination and extraction variables were explored. Both methods exhibit good linearity (10–100 μg/L) with a coefficient of determination of 0.9991 and a limit of detection of 7.5 μg/L for the spectrophotometric method, and a coefficient of determination of 0.9988 and a limit of detection of 8.8 μg/L for the SPB method. The calculated values for the enrichment factor and extraction recovery of the developed extraction methodology were 46% and 93%, respectively. The methods detect thiocyanate in saliva samples, producing results comparable to a validated method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Flexible surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates such as paper‐based substrates show great potential for rapid detection of residual chemicals on food surfaces. However, controlling the density and distribution of metallic nanoparticles adsorbed on the paper is still challenging. RESULTS: The amount of gold (Au) nanospheres (51 ± 4 nm) attached on the filter paper modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was tunable, increasing as the level of APTES (2.5–15.0 g kg−1) applied for paper modification increased. Moreover, the Au nanospheres were relative evenly distributed on the filter paper modified with 2.5–10.0 g kg−1of APTES, which resulted in excellent intra‐ and inter‐reproducibility of SERS signals for pesticides including thiram, diquat dibromide, and paraquat dichloride (relative standard deviation = 2.2–10.1%). The modified paper‐based substrate could be used to detect as low as 0.05–0.2 mg L−1 of pesticides in standard solutions, and as low as 5–20 ng cm−2 of residual pesticides on apple skins with minimum sample pretreatment. CONCLUSION: This paper‐based substrate with tunable feature for the density and distribution of nanoparticles is applicable for rapid SERS detection of residual pesticides in fruits and vegetables. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of light‐responsive color switching systems (LCSs) is essential to the implementation of rewritable paper and oxygen detection. Previous LCSs rely on metal‐based semiconductor photocatalysts which are expensive and pose metal‐leaking risk. To solve the issue, for the first time, nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) are reported as metal‐free photocatalyst for visible photoprinting and oxygen sensing. On N‐CQD surface, the decorated amino and hydroxyl groups act as hole scavengers and thus realize visible‐light‐responsive single and multiple color switching, after mixing with redox‐sensitive dyes. Combined with polymeric substrates, LCS rewritable papers can be fabricated and exhibit rapid decoloration performances under 420 nm light irradiation, due to the reduction of dye by photogenerated electrons from N‐CQDs. After the decoloration, efficient color reversion can be realized by the oxidization of dye in ambient air (O2). By taking advantage of the controlled recoloration kinetics, an oxygen sensor can be attained for visual quantitative analysis of atmospheric conditions with color variations. These results assist the future development of nonmetal color switching systems for superior functional design of photoprintable papers and colorimetric oxygen sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized healthcare management is an emerging field that requires the development of environment‐friendly, integrated, and electrochemical multimodal devices. In this study, the concept of integrated paper‐based biosensors (IFP−Multi) for personalized healthcare management is introduced. By leveraging ink printing technology and a ChatGPT–bioelectronic interface, these biosensors offer ultrahigh areal‐specific capacitance (74633 mF cm−2), excellent mechanical properties, and multifunctional sensing and humidity power generation capabilities. More importantly, the IFP−Multi devices have the potential to simulate deaf‐mute vocalization and can be integrated into wearable sensors to detect muscle contractions and bending motions. Moreover, they also enable monitoring of physiological signals from various body parts, such as the throat, nape, elbow, wrist, and knee, and successfully record sharp and repeatable signals generated by muscle contractions. In addition, the IFP−Multi devices demonstrate self‐powered handwriting sensing and moisture power generation for sweat‐sensing applications. As a proof‐of‐concept, a GPT 3.5 model‐based fine‐tuning and prediction pipeline that utilizes recorded physiological signals through IFP−Multi is showcased, enabling artificial intelligence with multimodal sensing capabilities for personalized healthcare management. This work presents a promising and ecofriendly approach to developing paper‐based electrochemical multimodal devices, paving the way for a new era of healthcare advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their high porosity and tunability, porous solids such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, or activated carbons (ACs) are of great interest in the fields of air purification, gas separation, and catalysis, among others. Nonetheless, these materials are usually synthetized as powders and need to be shaped in a more practical way that does not modify their intrinsic property (i.e., porosity). Elaborating porous, freestanding and flexible sheets is a relevant shaping strategy. However, when high loadings (>70 wt.%) are achieved the mechanical properties are challenged. A new straightforward and green method involving the combination softwood bleached kraft pulp fibers (S) and nano‐fibrillated cellulose (NFC) is reported, where S provides flexibility while NFC acts as a micro‐structuring and mechanical reinforcement agent to form high loadings porous solids paper sheets (>70 wt.%). The composite has unobstructed porosity and good mechanical strength. The sheets prepared with various fillers (MOFs, ACs, and zeolites) can be rolled, handled, and adapted to different uses, such as air purification. As an example of potential application, a MOF paper composite has been considered for the capture of polar volatile organic compounds exhibiting better performance than beads and granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nairobi's land digitisation programme presents continuous challenges to the Kenyan state's aspirations of reforming land administration. By drawing upon insights from archival sciences and digital geographies, this paper argues that digitisation of Kenya's land administration records presents us with an opportunity to pay attention to how information flows from paper to digital systems, and the nature of human condition that makes it possible. Based on research of land digitisation initiatives in Nairobi and its peripheral counties, this paper explores first, how digitisation initiates a large‐scale state exercise of sorting paper in the land records departments that constitutes the archival apparatus of the state; and second, how the archival labour of state officials in this process is at the same time significant, invisible and devalued. Through interviews of state officials in county and state departments, we argue that the digitisation process is far more complex and messier than the rhetoric of seamless transition to automated land administration in Kenya. Digitisation involves a slow embodied labour in sorting paper by state officials who have little power in shaping the design of the platform that they are expected to use. The devaluation of the archival labour of state officials who are not professionally trained in ‘archival practice’ and are seemingly voiceless in the production of national land information platforms leads to subversion and non‐cooperation with the platform itself. The paper concludes that an expansive lens of seeing digital platforms through the tools and technologies of archiving practices enables us to understand why platforms fail, why and how paper increases value within digital systems and how archival labour is central to the politics of digitisation and platformisation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral paper, a synthetic paper‐like material primarily composed of ground calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and a small amount of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), has emerged as an important alternative to traditional paper and board due to the increasing demand for pulp and paper and the shortage of trees and fibrous material in many regions worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the impact of accelerated weathering and aerobic biodegradation on three different types of mineral papers. The specimens underwent 1000 h of accelerated weathering using a Gardner weathering device and were also buried in soil at a depth of 5 cm for 3 months with regular watering conditions for biodegradability testing. Physico‐chemical characterizations such as optical (whiteness), surface (roughness, contact angle, and paper topography), and chemical properties of the samples were studied before and after the artificial weathering and biodegradation tests. The results revealed a visible color change (darkening) in mineral papers, with an increase in HDPE content leading to a darker color after weathering and biological degradation. However, there were no significant differences in the color change between weathering and soil‐burial tests. The biodegradability test resulted in a decrease in ash content due to the demineralization process. All samples' surface roughness was reduced after weathering and biodegradation tests. The FT‐IR and EDS analyses confirmed the presence of calcium, carbon, and oxygen elements in all three samples, indicating a large amount of calcium carbonate in the mineral papers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the creation of micro holes and cracks on the surface of the samples after weathering and biodegradation. Overall, the soil‐burial test showed more degradation than the weathering test. Highlights: The influence of weathering and biodegradation of mineral papers were studiedAfter soil‐burial test, the ash content decreased due to the demineralizationAfter weathering, micro cracks were created on the surface of the samplesThe degradation of the soil‐burial test was more than the weathering testMineral papers most likely contain carbonate calcium and HDPE [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency‐domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) of humid insulating paper has been measured at different temperatures. The data show three independent dielectric processes: electrode polarization, hopping conductivity and interfacial polarization. The dielectric properties of humid insulating paper are composed of hopping conductivity and interfacial polarization, and its equivalent dielectric model can be represented by a Havriliak‐Negami (HN) relaxation branch parallel hopping conductivity. At high temperatures and low frequencies, the measured dielectric spectroscopy bends downward, which is caused by the electrode polarization. In this case, the equivalent dielectric model is composed of the body impedance of insulating paper and the electrode polarization in series. According to the equivalent dielectric model, the components of electrode polarization, hopping conductivity, and interface polarization can be separated, thereby eliminating the parasitic effect of electrode polarization on the dielectric properties of insulating paper. Both of hopping conductivity and interface polarization of insulating paper move toward high‐frequency direction with temperature increasing. For humid insulating paper with a moisture content of 5.9%, the activation energies of hopping conductivity and interface polarization are 1.18 and 0.99 eV, respectively. This difference in activation energies results in the inability of the spectrums of insulating paper to overlap with each other at different temperatures. Based on the insulating paper without oil immersion, the results obtained in this article are not affected by oil or oil‐immersion operations. This provides a reference for exploring the dielectric properties and physical mechanisms of oil‐paper composite insulation materials widely used in high‐voltage equipment. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of the aging of oil‐paper insulation is analyzed in this article, based on an improved fractional Poynting‐Thomson model, which includes dc and hopping conductivity (P‐T model2). Based on samples of oil paper produced in laboratories with different thermal aging times, it has been found that the proposed improved model provides a better fit and a higher index of coincidence concerning the measured values than the traditional P‐T model and the model that only incorporates the effect of dc conductivity (P‐T model1). Nevertheless, comparing the proposed improved P‐T model with the traditional Cole–Cole (C‐C), Davidson–Cole (D‐C), and Havriliak–Negami (H‐N) models, the improved P‐T model2 also demonstrated a superior fit for the measured value and a higher coincidence index than another model. In addition, there was an excellent exponential relationship between the quantities εa, εb and τ of the improved model and the furfural content of the samples. Consequently, these characteristic quantities could be utilized to estimate the furfural content in the oil‐paper insulation and evaluate the insulation's condition. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors that influence the citation of articles helps authors improve the impact and reach of their research. Analysis of publications in the Journal of Fish Biology between 2008 and 2021 revealed that variables such as the number of keywords, abstract length, number of authors, and page length were associated with higher impact papers. These trends applied to both review and regular papers. These findings suggest that papers that are more informative, have higher numbers of authors, and have more keywords are more likely to be cited. Adoption of some simple "best‐practice" behaviors can improve the likelihood that a paper is cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Distinguishing and categorizing the origin of garlic are highly significant, considering its widespread use as a flavoring agent. With billions of dollars annually in global trade, garlic is frequently susceptible to fraudulent practices. Methodology: Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) was employed to quickly analyze garlic samples from distinct geographic origins: China and Brazil. The so‐generated PS‐MS data were treated with metabolomic multivariate approaches, and the garlic samples from these different geographic regions were easily discriminated. Results: Brazilian garlic was characterized to contain higher levels of amino acids, such as arginine, proline, and valine, and organosulfur compounds, such as allicin, alliin, and l‐γ‐glutamil‐S‐allyl‐l‐cysteine, compared to Chinese garlic. The PS‐MS data were treated employing multivariate approaches, typically used in the metabolomics field, and this protocol was promptly able to discern among both types of samples. Conclusion: Hence, this combined strategy holds promise not only as an effective tool for the authentication of the geographical origin of garlic but also as a powerful means for biomarker discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Korean traditional paper known as Hanji is coupled with Ag nanowires (NWs) to be used as multi‐functional paper windows in wooden flame doors of a traditional Korean house (Hanok). The Ag NW is uniformly embedded in a handmade Hanji, consisting of multiple laminated sheets formed through ssangbal filtering up and spray method. The combination demonstrates a low sheet resistance of 28 Ohm square−1 because of a percolating network structure of Ag NWs, which is apt for interconnectors and electrodes. Owing to the flexibility of the Hanji and Ag NWs, outstanding mechanical flexibility, apt for curved or flexible electronic paper windows, is observed. To further examine the potential of the multi‐functional electronic paper window, anti‐bacterial and electromagnetic interference shield properties of the Hanji are also investigated. It is noted that the functional Hanji sterilizes 99.9% of staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia and shows 15 dB (12–18 GHz) shielding efficiency due to the existence of the metallic Ag NWs network. In addition, successful operation of Hanji‐based interconnectors, thin film heaters, and touch panels demonstrates that the Hanji‐based electronic paper window can be used as a device‐integrated paper window in traditional Hanok or oriental traditional houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient diagnosis of mycobacterial infections can effectively manage and prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, existing diagnostic strategies are challenged by long assay times, high costs, and highly specialized expertise to distinguish between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases (NTM‐PDs). Herein, in this study, an optimized 3D paper‐based analytical device (µPAD) is incorporated with a closed lateral flow (LF) strip into a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) device (3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP) for rapid, low‐cost, and visual detection of pathogenic mycobacteria. The platform's microfluidic feature enhanced the nucleic acid amplification, thereby reducing the costs and time as compared to boiling, easyMAG, and QIAGEN techniques. Moreover, the LF unit is specifically designed to minimize aerosol contamination for a user‐friendly and visual readout. 3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP is optimized and assessed using standard strains, demonstrating a limit of detection (LOD) down to 10 fg reaction−1. In a cohort of 815 patients, 3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP displays significantly better sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and diagnostic accuracy than conventional bacterial culture and Xpert techniques. Collectively, 3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP demonstrates enhanced accessibility, efficiency, and practicality for the diagnosis of multiple pathogenic mycobacteria, which can be applied across diverse clinical settings, thereby ultimately improving public health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and their association with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk represents a major public health concern. However, assessing CVD risk in women with a history of these conditions presents unique challenges, especially when studies are carried out using routinely collected data. Objectives: To summarise and describe key challenges related to the design and conduct of administrative studies assessing CVD risk in women with a history of HDP and provide concrete recommendations for addressing them in future research. Methods: This is a methodological guidance paper. Results: Several conceptual and methodological factors related to the data‐generating mechanism and study conceptualisation, design/data management and analysis, as well as the interpretation and reporting of study findings should be considered and addressed when designing and carrying out administrative studies on this topic. Researchers should develop an a priori conceptual framework within which the research question is articulated, important study variables are identified and their interrelationships are carefully considered. Conclusions: To advance our understanding of CVD risk in women with a history of HDP, future studies should carefully consider and address the conceptual and methodological considerations outlined in this guidance paper. In highlighting these challenges, and providing specific recommendations for how to address them, our goal is to improve the quality of research carried out on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper outlines the theoretical and empirical basis for compassion focused therapy (CFT) for psychosis, the gaps in the current knowledge and research, as well as some of the challenges for addressing gaps. It will guide the direction of future work and the steps needed to develop and advance this approach. Method: This paper reviews evidence of how evolutionary models such as social rank theory and attachment theory have greatly contributed to our understanding of psychosis and provide a clear rationale and evidence base for the mechanisms of change in CFT for psychosis. It reviews the evidence for outcomes of compassion training more generally, and early feasibility evaluations of CFT for psychosis. Results: The process evidence shows that people with psychosis have highly active social rank and threat systems, and the benefits of switching into attachment and care systems, which can support emotion regulation and integrative mind states. The outcomes evidence shows that compassion training impacts not only psychological outcomes, but also physiological outcomes such as neural circuits, immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. Within the psychosis field, outcomes research is still in the early days, but there are good indications of feasibility and a clear path forward for the next steps. Conclusions: CFT for psychosis is an approach that integrates biopsychosocial processes, an integration that's evidenced across each aspect of the model, from theoretical foundations (evolution‐informed) to interventions (e.g., body/breath training and relational techniques), to evaluation. Future RCTs are required to understand the effects on biopsychosocial outcomes for people with psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value co‐creation as a research topic has been a critical proposition of interest to a wide range of disciplines. In recent years, the field of cultural heritage has also developed a range of information practices to promote different forms of value co‐creation. While the body of literature has begun to accumulate, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of conceptual foundations and how value co‐creation is implemented in cultural heritage information practices. This paper conducted a hermeneutic literature review to understand and conceptualize the core aspects of value co‐creation in various cultural heritage information works. In particular, this paper provides a research mapping of the genres of co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices, the actors, and the roles played by the stakeholders. Further, this review provides an overview of the dominant value co‐creation models in the cultural heritage field. It distills the drivers of value co‐creation and the core value consequences that arise from a process perspective. Finally, this paper puts forward a thematic, theoretical, and methodological agenda for future work based on these findings. The review contributes to the literature by proposing an integrated conceptual framework that summarizes the core elements of value co‐creation in cultural heritage information practices. The framework also serves as a call for action, providing a general understanding of the conceptual foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying factors that associate with more cited or higher quality research may be useful to improve science or to support research evaluation. This article reviews evidence for the existence of such factors in article text and metadata. It also reviews studies attempting to estimate article quality or predict long‐term citation counts using statistical regression or machine learning for journal articles or conference papers. Although the primary focus is on document‐level evidence, the related task of estimating the average quality scores of entire departments from bibliometric information is also considered. The review lists a huge range of factors that associate with higher quality or more cited research in some contexts (fields, years, journals) but the strength and direction of association often depends on the set of papers examined, with little systematic pattern and rarely any cause‐and‐effect evidence. The strongest patterns found include the near universal usefulness of journal citation rates, author numbers, reference properties, and international collaboration in predicting (or associating with) higher citation counts, and the greater usefulness of citation‐related information for predicting article quality in the medical, health and physical sciences than in engineering, social sciences, arts, and humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent fingerprints were successfully visualized using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) on paper which emits strong fluorescence with a lifetime close to that of fingerprints and thus from which it is difficult for time‐resolved spectroscopy to visualize fingerprints. Latent fingerprint samples on paper were excited using a 450 nm or 532 nm nanosecond pulsed‐laser, and time‐resolved fluorescence images were obtained at a delay time of 6–16 ns in intervals of 1 ns, to the excitation pulse. The excitation beam was expanded using a lens, and the fluorescence from the fingerprints was captured using an intensified CCD camera. Because of the large fluorescence intensity of the background paper of approximately two to four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint, the fingerprint was not visualized on each fluorescence image by time‐resolved spectroscopy. However, the fingerprint was visualized in a FLIM image constructed using a series of the fluorescence images for the case with the fluorescence intensity of the background paper being four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint. The difference in fluorescence lifetime in the FLIM image of the visualized fingerprint and background paper was in the order of 0.1 ns, which was an order of magnitude smaller than the inherent fluorescence lifetime of a few nanoseconds for the fingerprints and paper. It was demonstrated that, at a background fluorescence intensity with a certain order of magnitude larger than that of fingerprints, FLIM has the potential to visualize latent fingerprints which cannot be visualized by time‐resolved spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper‐based photodetectors have emerged as reliable candidates for wearable electronics due to their low‐cost, degradability and excellent bending properties. However, the application of quantum dots (QDs) to paper‐based devices remains a challenge due to the low carrier mobility. In this work, lead sulfide (PbS) QDs are successfully applied to paper‐based devices by constructing the amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO)/PbS QDs‐EDT heterojunction to enhance the photoconductive gain of the QDs film. The effect of different paper substrates are investigated on device performance and demonstrate that the heterojunction is not suitable for the fiber‐like paper substrate. Heterojunction devices based on Senyan paper and glass paper exhibit stable detection performance with detectivity of 1.71 × 1010 and 3.19 × 1011 Jones, respectively. Benefit from the unique micro‐morphology, the Senyan paper‐based device exhibits excellent bending resistance and remained stable after 1000 bends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion This paper aims to describe the 2023 update position paper on MRONJ developed by the Italian Societies of Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO) and of Maxillofacial Surgery (SICMF).This is the second update following the 2013 and 2020 Italian position papers by the Expert panel, which is a representation of the two scientific societies (SIPMO and SICMF).The paper is based on an extensive analysis of the available literature from January 2003 to February 2020, and the subsequent review of literature conducted between March 2020 and December 2022 to include all new relevant published papers to confirm or modify the previous set of recommendations.This position paper highlights the main issues of MRONJ on risk estimates, disease definition, diagnostic pathway, individual risk assessment, and the fundamental role of imaging in the diagnosis, classification, and management of MRONJ.The Expert Panel confirmed the MRONJ definition, the diagnostic work‐up, the clinical‐radiological staging system and the prophylactic drug holiday, as recognized by SIPMO‐SICMF; while, it presented novel indications regarding the categories at risk of MRONJ, the prevention strategies, and the treatment strategies associated with the therapeutic drug holiday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open data as an integral part of the open science movement enhances the openness and sharing of scientific datasets. Nevertheless, the normative utilization of data journals, data papers, scientific datasets, and data citations necessitates further research. This study aims to investigate the citation practices associated with data papers and to explore the role of data papers in disseminating scientific datasets. Dataset accession numbers from NCBI databases were employed to analyze the prevalence of data citations for data papers from PubMed Central. A dataset citation practice identification rule was subsequently established. The findings indicate a consistent growth in the number of biomedical data journals published in recent years, with data papers gaining attention and recognition as both publications and data sources. Although the use of data papers as citation sources for data remains relatively rare, there has been a steady increase in data paper citations for data utilization through formal data citations. Furthermore, the increasing proportion of datasets reported in data papers that are employed for analytical purposes highlights the distinct value of data papers in facilitating the dissemination and reuse of datasets to support novel research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminal practices in which an individual becomes vulnerable and prone to sexual assault after ingesting drinks spiked with doping substances have become a social concern globally. As forensic protocols require a multi‐tiered strategy for chemical evidentiary analysis, the backlog of evidence has become a significant problem in the community. Herein, a fast, sensible, and complementary dual analytical methodology was developed using a single commercial paper substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) analysis to identify psychotropic substances added to alcoholic beverages irrefutably. To study and investigate this criminal practice, pharmaceutical formulations containing distinct psychotropic substances (zolpidem, clonazepam, diazepam, and ketamine) were added to drinks typically consumed at parties and festivals (Pilsen beer, açaí Catuaba®, gin tonic, and vodka mixed with Coca‐Cola Zero®). A simple liquid–liquid extraction with a low‐temperature partitioning (LLE‐LTP) procedure was applied to the drinks and effectively minimized matrix effects. As a preliminary analysis, SERS spectra combined with Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) provided sufficient information to investigate the samples further. The presence of the protonated species for the psychotropic substances in the spiked drinks was readily verified in the mass spectra and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Finally, the results demonstrate the potential of this methodology to be easily implemented into the routine of forensic laboratories and to be further employed at harm reduction tends at parties and festivals to detect contaminated beverages promptly and irrefutably as an efficient tool to prevent such crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to simplify and improve the process of binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) covalently to filter paper for use in dried blood spot sampling, enabling instant capture of protein biomarkers for targeted protein determination. Incorporating the necessary immunocapture sample preparation step in the initial sampling stage saves time and reduces the workload. The biomarker human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was used as the model analyte. The antibody‐based paper samplers were prepared by functionalizing paper discs (6 mm) through a simple reaction using divinyl sulfone (DVS). After DVS activation, the paper discs were incubated with E27 hCG mAbs, followed by 0.05% tween/phosphate buffer saline to block the surface. After sample application and drying, the discs only needed to be washed before tryptic digestion and finally analysed on a nanoliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system. The finished DVS‐mAbs samplers could selectively capture hCG (100 ng/mL) from human serum, with a recovery of 50%. Sample clean‐up reduced the number of identified proteins from 132 to 82 before and after wash, respectively, with a 70% reduction in serum albumin signal while still retaining hCG on the sampler during the washing protocol. An evaluation of the samplers revealed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9995) for hCG in serum with relative standard deviations below 15%. This work has presented the first ever reported paper samplers immobilized with antibodies utilizing DVS chemistry, showing promise in the future of paper‐based sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Accurate assessment of patient‐reported oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) is essential to guide appropriate management and evaluate response. The Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) is a paper‐based 17‐item inventory developed and validated to objectively detect risk of OPD. An easy‐to‐use electronic version with digital output has significant potential in streamlining patient assessment. This study aims to develop and validate an electronic version of the SSQ (eSSQ) against the original paper version. Method: The English‐based paper SSQ was adapted on the online REDcap (Research Electronic Data Capture) platform to be accessible on computer and mobile devices. Patients with OPD and asymptomatic controls completed both electronic and paper versions in randomized order. Patients with stable symptoms then repeated the eSSQ after ≥14 days for test–retest reliability. Paper‐based and eSSQs were also collected from an independent cohort for external validation. Agreement of total scores between both versions and eSSQ test–retest reliability were calculated using two‐way mixed‐effects intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: 47 dysphagic patients, 32 controls, and 31 patients from an external validation cohort were recruited. The most common underlying etiology was head and neck cancer. Mean eSSQ total score was 789 in dysphagic patients, and 68 in controls. eSSQ had excellent agreement with paper SSQ in total scores among all participants, with ICC 0.97 (95% CI [0.93, 0.98]) in controls, 0.97 (95% CI [0.94, 0.98]) in dysphagic patients and 0.96 (95% CI [0.92, 0.98]) in validation cohort. Test–retest reliability was also excellent (ICC 0.96, 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]). Conclusion: The newly developed eSSQ shows excellent agreement with the paper version and test–retest reliability. Future applications of its use may allow for more efficient and accessible patient assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The short shelf life of fresh strawberries limits its marketing potential, despite its valuable economic and nutritional benefits. An environmentally friendly fresh‐keeping paper was prepared with oregano essential oil (OEO) and tea polyphenols (TP) and used in the storage of strawberries. Results showed that, during the late storage period, the TP and OEO fresh‐keeping paper treatments reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 29.04% and 34.47%, respectively, compared with the control samples. The treatments also reduced decay incidence, weight loss, epidermal microorganisms and total anthocyanins content (TAC). Furthermore, the treatments reduce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, delay the colour development and maintain better sensory attributes. Notably, OEO fresh‐keeping paper treatment not only increased the titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) content but also improved the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species by maintaining high levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. These results demonstrated that fresh‐keeping paper treatment has the potential to extend the post‐harvest life of strawberries and improve their quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of terms, such as "antiepileptic," "anticonvulsant," and "antiseizure" have been historically applied to medications for the treatment of seizure disorders. Terminology is important because using terms that do not accurately reflect the action of specific treatments may result in a misunderstanding of their effects and inappropriate use. The present International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) position paper used a Delphi approach to develop recommendations on English‐language terminology applicable to pharmacological agents currently approved for treating seizure disorders. There was consensus that these medications should be collectively named "antiseizure medications". This term accurately reflects their primarily symptomatic effect against seizures and reduces the possibility of health care practitioners, patients, or caregivers having undue expectations or an incorrect understanding of the real action of these medications. The term "antiseizure" to describe these agents does not exclude the possibility of beneficial effects on the course of the disease and comorbidities that result from the downstream effects of seizures, whenever these beneficial effects can be explained solely by the suppression of seizure activity. It is acknowledged that other treatments, mostly under development, can exert direct favorable actions on the underlying disease or its progression, by having "antiepileptogenic" or "disease‐modifying" effects. A more‐refined terminology to describe precisely these actions needs to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gig economy and gig work have grown quickly in recent years and have drawn much attention from researchers in different fields. Because the platform mediated gig economy is a relatively new phenomenon, studies have produced a range of interesting findings; of interest here are the socio‐technical issues that this work has surfaced. This systematic literature review (SLR) provides a snapshot of a range of socio‐technical issues raised in the last 12 years of literature focused on the platform mediated gig economy. Based on a sample of 515 papers gathered from nine databases in multiple disciplines, 132 were coded that specifically studied the gig economy, gig work, and gig workers. Three main socio‐technical themes were identified: (1) the digital workplace, which includes information infrastructure and digital labor that are related to the nature of gig work and the user agency; (2) algorithmic management, which includes platform governance, performance management, information asymmetry, power asymmetry, and system manipulation, relying on a diverse set of technological tools including algorithms and big data analytics; (3) ethical design, as a relevant value set that gig workers expect from the platform, which includes trust, fairness, equality, privacy, and transparency. A social informatics perspective is used to rethink the relationship between gig workers and platforms, extract the socio‐technical issues noted in prior research, and discuss the underexplored aspects of the platform mediated gig economy. The results draw attention to understudied yet critically important socio‐technical issues in the gig economy that suggest short‐ and long‐term opportunities for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While bibliographic classifications are traditionally based on disciplines, the logical alternative is phenomenon‐based classification. Although not prevalent, this approach has been explored in the 20th century by J.D. Brown, the Classification Research Group, and others. Its principles have been stated in the León Manifesto (2007) and are currently represented by such general schemes as the Basic Concepts Classification and the Integrative Levels Classification. A phenomenon‐based classification lists classes of phenomena, including things and processes irrespective of the discipline studying them (which can optionally be specified as an additional facet). Facets can work in a phenomenon‐based system much as in a disciplinary one. This kind of system will promote the identification of potential relationships between research in different disciplines, and will especially benefit interdisciplinary work. The paper reviews the theory, history, structure, advantages, applications, and evaluation of phenomenon‐based classification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In drug hypersensitivity, drug provocation testing (DPT), also called drug challenge, is the gold standard for investigation. In recent years, risk stratification has become an important tool for adjusting the diagnostic strategy to the perceived risk, whilst still maintaining a high level of safety for the patient. Skin tests are recommended before DPT but may be omitted in low‐risk patients. The task force suggests a strict definition of such low‐risk patients in children and adults. Based on experience and evidence from studies of allergy to beta‐lactam antibiotics, an algorithm on how to adjust DPT to the risk, and when to omit skin tests before DPT, is presented. For other antibiotics, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and other drugs, skin tests are poorly validated and DPT is frequently necessary. We recommend performing DPT with chemotherapeutics and biologicals to avoid unnecessary desensitization procedures and DPT with skin tests negative contrast media. We suggest DPT with anesthetics only in highly specialized centers. Specifics of DPT to proton pump inhibitors, anticonvulsants and corticosteroids are discussed. This position paper provides general recommendations and guidance on optimizing use of DPT, whilst balancing benefits with patient safety and optimizing the use of the limited available resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are invaluable therapeutic options in a variety of dyspeptic diseases. In addition to their well‐known risk profile, PPI consumption is related to food and environmental allergies, dysbiosis, osteoporosis, as well as immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). The latter, although a rare event, around 1%–3%, due to the extraordinarily high rate of prescription and consumption of PPIs are related to a substantial risk. In this Position Paper, we provide clinicians with practical evidence‐based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of HSRs to PPIs. Furthermore, the unmet needs proposed in the document aim to stimulate more in‐depth investigations in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosing immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHRs) can pose a significant challenge and there is an urgent need for safe and reliable tests. Evidence has emerged that the basophil activation test (BAT), an in vitro assay that mirrors the in vivo response, can be a complementary test for many drugs. In this position paper, members of Task Force (TF) "Basophil activation test in the evaluation of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions" from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) present the data from a survey about the use and utility of BAT in IDHRs in Europe. The survey results indicate that there is a great interest for using BAT especially for diagnosing IDHRs. However, there are still main needs, mainly in the standardization of the protocols. Subsequently consensus‐based recommendations were formulated for: (i) Technical aspects of BAT in IDHRs including type of sample, management of drugs, flow cytometry protocols, interpretation of the results; and (ii) Drug‐specific aspects that should be taken into account when performing BAT in relation to betalactams, neuromuscular blocking agents, fluoroquinolones, chlorhexidine, opioids, radio contrast media, chemotherapeutics, biological agents, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, COVID vaccine, and excipients. Moreover, aspects in the evaluation of pediatric population have also been considered. All this indicates that BAT offers the clinician and laboratory a complementary tool for a safe diagnostic for IDHRs, although its place in the diagnostic algorithm depends on the drug class and patient population (phenotype, geography, and age). The standardization of BAT is important for generalizing this method beyond the individual laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]