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Background: Working together and co‐production with public advisors have become popular among health researchers. This practice extends to doctoral researchers who involve public advisors at different stages of their research or throughout their doctoral journey. Objective: A doctoral researcher and two public advisors jointly evaluated public involvement in doctoral research. Methods: Using the established public involvement evaluation framework by Gibson and colleagues, public advisors and a doctoral researcher mapped and evaluated their experiences of public involvement in doctoral research. The four‐dimensional framework allowed the authors to reflect on (1) the strength of the public voice, (2) the number of ways in which public advisors had an opportunity to get involved, (3) whether the discussion was about the public or organisation's (doctoral researcher, university or funder) concerns and (4) if the organisation changed or resisted feedback. Results are presented in a diagrammatic and narrative way. Results: Public advisors saw themselves as having a stronger voice in doctoral research than the doctoral researcher perceived. All agreed that there existed multiple ways for public advisors to be involved. Public advisors' feedback was taken on board, but it was also limited due to restrictions of what the doctoral programme allowed. Conclusion: Public advisors ensured that the doctoral research was more relevant to the public. The ongoing involvement also shaped the doctoral researcher's thinking and views. Patient and Public Involvement: Two public advisors were involved throughout the 3 years of this doctoral research. They co‐evaluated this involvement and are co‐authors of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the advancements in Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE), the voices of traditionally underserved groups are still poorly reflected in dementia research. This study aimed to report on a PPIE partnership between academics and members of the public from underserved communities to co‐design Forward with Dementia—Social Care, a resource and information website supporting people receiving a dementia diagnosis. Methods: The PPIE partnership was set up in four stages: 1–identifying communities that have been under‐represented from PPIE in dementia research; 2—recruiting PPIE partners from these communities; 3—supporting PPIE partners to become confident to undertake their research roles and 4—undertaking research co‐design activities in an equitable fashion. Results: To address under‐representation from PPIE in dementia research we recruited seven PPIE partners from Black, Asian and other minority ethnic groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+ communities; remote/rural area; religious minorities and partners living with rare forms of dementia. The partners met regularly throughout the project to oversee new sections for the study website, refine existing content and promote the website within their communities. Conclusion: Strategies can be used to successfully recruit and involve PPIE partners from underserved communities in co‐design activities. These include networking with community leaders, developing terms of reference, setting out 'rules of engagement', and investing adequate resources and time for accessible and equitable involvement. These efforts facilitate the co‐design of research outputs that reflect the diversity and complexity of UK contemporary society. Patient or Public Contribution: This study received support from seven members of the public with lived experience of dementia from communities that have been traditionally underserved in dementia research. These seven members of the public undertook the role of partners in the study. They all equally contributed to the study design, recruitment of participants, development and revision of topic guides for the interviews and development of the website. Three of these partners were also co‐authors of this paper. On top of the activities shared with the other partners, they contributed to write independently of the academic team the section in this paper titled 'Partners' experiences, benefits and challenges of the partnership'. Further, they provided input in other sections of the paper on a par with the other (academic) co‐authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period when the British Educational Research Association (BERA) was founded was one in which there was an increasing recognition amongst the research community that a wind of change had stirred up the settled traditions of educational research. It was a time which celebrated the promise of alternative paradigms for research. Ten or so years on we are entering another era where the emphasis is not on the reconceptualisation of what research is but on how it is organised. I think one can discern at least two factors, not wholly separate from each other, that will increasingly influence how a substantial part of research will be organised. These two factors are the changes which have taken place in the composition of the research community and the direction of current Government policy concerning the school system. I aim to show how these are leading to a fruitful form of collaborative research at local level which should be encouraged and supported—not least by BERA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Key points: MIS Quarterly's (MISQ's) mission is to help develop, publish, and promote the finest scholarship within the IS academic community, and to do so without discrimination and bias.To address the above, MISQ's Editor‐in‐Chief and DEI Director published a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) position statement with an accompanying MISQ Editorial in 2021.MISQ decided to direct its DEI efforts equally towards 'scholars' (e.g., authors, reviewers) and the 'scholarship' (e.g., topics we study and approaches we take).Formation of a DEI workgroup was an early effort aimed at ensuring that the DEI‐related practices are developed and implemented through a collective voice.A year‐long mentoring programme including paper and career development sessions was designed to help scholars who had been inequitably affected by the pandemic.Initiatives such as flexible accommodation for board members and mentorship track for authors from disadvantaged groups/regions are being designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that repeated concerns about the nature of academic accounting research should be taken seriously. It proposes engaged research as a means of deepening our social license. Anchored in the argument of Chua and Fiedler (2022), engaged research is characterised as follows. It engages with complex relations of practice, is a crosscultural journey and it co‐produces research on matters that matter (to practitioners, regulators, academics, communities). The paper outlines how accounting research could engage with a contemporary business landscape characterised by pervasive digitisation as well as new risks and opportunities brought about by climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects on the lessons from two case studies in order to discuss (1) how they address Ostrom's eight principles and (2) implications for social, economic and environmental challenges. The two case studies are of forest communities in Venda in South Africa and Ciptagelar, West Java, discussed in terms of their social, environmental and economic approaches. In both cases, the communities see themselves as related to nature; in the case of Venda, they express this as a totemic relationship and have been inspired to apply an ecological calendar that was taught to them during the time Mphatheleni Makaulule spent learning from Amazonian leaders. In the case of Ciptagelar, the nomadic way of life is based on a sense of being stewards who do not commodify rice, a sacred source of life, which is in turn dependent upon all the co‐existent creatures and ultimately the forest, which is their home. In both communities, the environment and people are priorities managed by observing the natural cycle. In both communities, an ecological calendar guides the planning and harvesting of crops. In Tshidzivhe Venda, a rigorous approach to crops, harvesting from the forest and re‐planting the forest, is observed, and the entire community act as caretakers and are required to ask permission before harvesting from the forest. In Ciptagelar, West Java, the chief reads the signs when it is time to move to another area and follows a careful approach to biodiversity ensuring that paddy is grown only for certain months so that other creatures can thrive in other months. The Balancing Individualism and Collectivism Special Integration Group has focused on learning by doing using an applied mixed methods approach. It is based on a community of practice spanning NGOs, community projects and university departments. It is supported by a small NRF fund, some funding from UNISA and in kind support from participants. We work together because of shared values and mutual respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal ecology and evolution are shaped by environmental perturbations, which are undergoing unprecedented alterations due to climate change. Fire is one such perturbation that causes significant disruption by causing mortality and altering habitats and resources for animals. Fire regimes are changing on a global scale, but the effects of these changes on animal communities are poorly understood. Arthropods are one of the most ubiquitous and diverse animal taxa on the planet and their populations are sensitive to environmental change. Given their wide‐ranging impacts on ecosystem functioning, a better understanding of arthropod responses to changing fire regimes is critical and may also provide more general insights into how other groups might respond to fire.Here, we provide a comprehensive meta‐analytical assessment of how fire influences the arthropod community across habitats and functional groups. Using data from 130 peer‐reviewed papers across the globe, we tested how a variety of fire characteristics, including management regime, severity and time‐since‐fire affect arthropod populations and communities across habitats.Our results show that arthropod communities display substantial variation in response to fire and that community‐level responses are most likely to be detected within the first year. Responses also vary depending on fire characteristics and habitat. Specifically, while community metrics such as diversity were increased by low severity fires, they were reduced by high severity fires. Likewise, evenness increased after prescribed burns but was reduced after wildfire. Measures of arthropod community structure decreased following fires in deserts and forests.Across the entire arthropod community, fire also had variable effects on community diversity. Fire tended to have a negative effect size on arthropods across life stages, but responses did vary among groups. Nearly all functional groups exhibited a negative response to fire with the exception of herbivores, for which abundance, diversity and richness increased after fire.Our results suggest that the increasing prevalence of high‐severity wildfires are changing the structure of arthropod communities. Given their ubiquitous presence and diverse roles in terrestrial ecosystems, these community changes are likely to affect ecosystem functioning in various ways, including through increased herbivory. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The building group is the basis for the maintenance and operation of the city. The rapid recovery of community building group (CBG) can effectively reduce economic losses caused by earthquakes. There is service function interdependence among the buildings, and the impact of this interdependence on the postdisaster recovery of CBG is not clear. In order to improve the postdisaster recovery efficiency of CBG and explore the impact of service function dependence among buildings on postdisaster recovery, this paper integrates the recovery time (RT) and functionality loss (FL) of individual buildings and proposes two multi‐objective optimization recovery models suitable for CBG: the postearthquake recovery optimization model of CBG and the postearthquake recovery optimization model of CBG considering the service function interdependence among buildings. In these models, building RT, building FL, CBG resilience, and building recovery resources are considered, and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐Ⅱ is used to solve the models to obtain the optimal restoration scheduling of CBG. At the same time, through a case, this paper analyzes the impact of the interdependence of service function among buildings and recovery resources on the recovery scheduling and resilience of CBG. This method can provide a basis for pre‐earthquake disaster risk reduction planning and significantly improves the postdisaster recovery efficiency of CBG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My rationale was simple: SCB was precluding the bulk of conservation science by holding to the standard of seeking to publish papers that transcend individual species or geographies. Dr. Murcia has a wealth of experience in conservation from her work with the Wildlife Conservation Society, and as an independent consultant working in tropical ecosystem restoration. At the ICCB in Montpelier (2015) I met with the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) elected officials, journal editors, and everyone I could on an idea that had been haunting me. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The concept of person-centred care is embedded within healthcare policy, focusing on long-term conditions and multimorbidity. The evidence that person-centred care is being operationalised effectively across all areas of healthcare is limited. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the application, features, and effectiveness of person-centred care with service-users, carers, and the community within podiatry. Methods: The scoping review was based upon Arksey and Malley's five stage framework. The following databases were searched between January 2010 and March 2021: AMED, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane library, SocINDEX, British Education Index, Business Source Complete, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and the EThOS 'Global electronic thesis and dissertation' repository, Prospero, and reference lists of included papers. Primary research articles were included if they reported on a person-centred care focused intervention with podiatry. Research terms were developed, appropriate databases identified, and an initial search resulted in 622 papers which, following removal of duplicates and critical appraisal, resulted in 18 eligible papers. Data extracted involved the types of person-centred care utilised, intervention details, motivations for engaging in person-centred care interventions, and intervention barriers and challenges. Results: Eighteen articles were included in the review. The main type of person-centred care utilised was patient/carer activities around self-management. None of the studies considered the role of the podiatrist as a person-centred care agent. The data on interventions generated the following themes 'service facilitated person-centred care' where a change has been made to service delivery, 'direct clinician delivery' where the intervention is delivered by the clinician with the patient present and 'patient instigated participation' where patient motivation is required to engage with an activity beyond the consultation. Outcome measures associated with quality of care and effectiveness were absent. Conclusion: There is a lack of congruency between the concept of person-centred care and how it is operationalised. A whole system approach that considers commissioning, organisational leadership, the role of the practitioners and patients has not been considered. There is immense scope for the podiatrist to play an important part in the personalised-care agenda, but currently research that can evidence the effectiveness of person-centred care in podiatry is absent. Review registration: Open Science Framework (osf.io/egjsd). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living labs are interdisciplinary and participatory initiatives aimed at bringing research closer to practice by involving stakeholders in all stages of research. Living labs align with the principles of participatory research methods as well as recent insights about how participatory ways of generating knowledge help to change practices in concrete settings with respect to specific problems. The participatory, open, and discussion‐oriented nature of living labs could be ideally suited to accompany ethical reflection and changes ensuing from reflection. To our knowledge, living labs have not been explicitly trialed and reported in ethics literature. In this discussion paper, we report and discuss four initial issues that marked the process of setting up a living lab in ethics: (1) determining the goals and expected outcomes of an ethics living lab; (2) establishing operational procedures; (3) selecting communities and defining pilot projects; and (4) adopting a lens to tackle emerging questions and challenges. We explain these four issues and present the paths taken based on the novel and specific orientation, that is, living ethics, at the basis of this project. In alignment with living ethics and É‐LABO, we approach challenges as learning opportunities to ask not only "how" questions but also "why" questions. We hope that this discussion paper informed by our experience helps to clarify the theoretical, methodological, and practical approaches necessary to successfully adopt and employ living labs in ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes and develops the idea of using a community supercapacitor (SC) in an islanded DC multiple nano‐grids (MNG) system. In the proposed structure, the community SC works in tandem with the community/cloud battery energy storage system (CBESS) of the DC MNG. This combination forms a grid‐forming battery‐supercapacitor cloud hybrid energy storage system (CHESS), which is responsible for maintaining the voltage stability and power balance at the common DC bus of the MNG system. Also, to effectively utilize the SC capacity, this paper proposes a modified control structure for each DC nano‐grid enabling the local BESS units to coordinate with the community SC. Then, it is shown that, in the proposed grid‐forming CHESS technology, the output power of all the local and community BESS units has significantly smoother power variations leading to a higher battery lifetime. Additionally, it is shown that the proposed CHESS technology can improve the voltage stability of the system leading to higher voltage quality. Moreover, it is discussed analytically that the proposed CHESS technology requires less energy storage capacity for the community SC compared to its equivalent MNG with a distributed SC architecture. Finally, these results are verified by simulating two case‐study MNGs in MATLAB/Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of energy efficiency programs and renewable resources in energy communities (EC) incorporating smart microgrids might be the future development of sustainable cities. Cooperation among EC with high penetration of renewable energy resources will support energy procurement. Mutual energy efficiency programs in EC associated with deploying renewable resources can guarantee sustainable development significantly. This paper proposes a new sustainability index (SI) influenced by the loss of load reduction while increasing the penetration of renewable energies. A multi‐objective optimization method is used to determine the optimal size and location of renewable resources incorporating energy efficiency programs. The objective functions, that is, the total cost and SI, are based upon social, economic, environmental, and technical (SEET) considerations. Since the outputs of renewable energies are uncertain, it may increase the loss of load probability. Therefore, this paper introduces a model that can handle the uncertainties of renewable energies. A new method so‐called adaptive multi‐objective crow search algorithm (AMCSA) is developed for the trade‐off between cost and sustainability in the optimization problem. The proposed methodology cannot only minimize the total cost in EC but also will maximize the SI. Simulation studies and results analysis indicates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the development of sustainability and renewable energies in the smart grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wealth of evidence suggests an important relationship between nature and human health and well‐being and this appears to hold particular resonance for coastal environments. Notably, this relationship has been explored in assessments of ecosystem services, or the benefits that people derive from nature.In this paper, we extend the debate to encompass ideas around relational values which considers that human well‐being is derived from relationships with nature rather than being solely delivered as the benefits commonly suggested in the ecosystem services literature.The paper draws on conceptual ideas around relational values, sense of place and environmental justice to understand the values and importance of coastal environments for people.These value concepts are explored through detailed narratives revealed by participants in two case study UK coastal locations, using a form of civic dialogue and videography approach called Community Voice Method (CVM).We find that despite levels of relative deprivation in our case study locations, interviewees express values which are striking in terms of the depth of care felt; values which are 'time‐deepened' and shaped not only by what people do and are able to do, but also by personal histories and memories which remain strong despite material changes and transformations in people's lives and the places they live.The CVM method in addition provides a practical approach for creating deliberative spaces to explore those deeply embodied and shared connections to the coast which are important and should have greater prominence in coastal management policy and practice. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the impact of neoliberalism on Australia's public higher education system. It examines flaws in the university system revealed by the COVID‐19 pandemic and identifies how the conditions created by neoliberal policies have limited universities' capacity to respond to a crisis. The paper reviews the previous literature on universities, neoliberalism policies, and new public management practices. It uses data from the literature, newspapers, and contemporary documents to shape an overview of the Australian public sector university system up to 2021 and its transformation by stealth. The impact of this transformation has been a heavy reliance on international onshore student fees to fund operations, infrastructure, and research activities. COVID‐19‐related public health measures have caused a significant downturn in the number of international students studying in Australia, in turn, creating a financial crisis that has seen many tens of thousands of university staff losing their jobs and courses being cut. The transformation has also seen accountingization of both individual academic and university performance to become the norm. The quantified performance metrics associated with accountingization have become universities' new language, and their goal displaced ends. Revenue generation and expenditure has been privileged over making a contribution to the nation and society. We call for a radical rethinking of the public sector university mission for the ultimate benefit of the Australian community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a new coupled urban change and hazard consequence model that considers population growth, a changing built environment, natural hazard mitigation planning, and future acute hazards. Urban change is simulated as an agent‐based land market with six agent types and six land use types. Agents compete for parcels with successful bids leading to changes in both urban land use—affecting where agents are located—and structural properties of buildings—affecting the building's ability to resist damage to natural hazards. IN‐CORE, an open‐source community resilience model, is used to compute damages to the built environment. The coupled model operates under constraints imposed by planning policies defined at the start of a simulation. The model is applied to Seaside, Oregon, a coastal community in the North American Pacific Northwest subject to seismic‐tsunami hazards emanating from the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Ten planning scenarios are considered including caps on the number of vacation homes, relocating community assets, limiting new development, and mandatory seismic retrofits. By applying this coupled model to the testbed community, we show that: (a) placing a cap on the number of vacation homes results in more visitors in damaged buildings, (b) that mandatory seismic retrofits do not reduce the number of people in damaged buildings when considering population growth, (c) polices diverge beyond year 10 in the model, indicating that many policies take time to realize their implications, and (d) the most effective policies were those that incorporated elements of both urban planning and enforced building codes. Plain Language Summary: Natural hazards negatively impact communities resulting in significant infrastructure damages. Natural hazard mitigation planning attempts to reduce these damages and modeling can be used to measure how effective different mitigation plans can be. A new modeling framework is presented that accounts for population growth, a changing built environment, natural hazard mitigation planning, and future hazards. The model is applied to a testbed community with a large tourist population that is exposed to earthquake and tsunami hazards. Using this model, we consider different combinations of policies such as limiting the number of vacation homes in the community, relocating community assets, limiting new development, and enforcing building codes. Interestingly, we show that while placing a cap on the number of vacation homes does free up housing for full time residents, this also results in more visitors in damaged buildings. It is also shown how even with building codes in place, population growth contributes to an increased number of people in damaged buildings. Lastly, we show how the most effective policies incorporate elements of both urban planning and building codes. Key Points: An urban change model is coupled with a hazard consequence model to consider future hazards, population growth, and planning policiesThe model is applied to a coastal community in the Pacific Northwest considering Cascadia Subduction Zone seismic‐tsunami hazardsPlacing a cap on the number of vacation homes in a community could result in more visitors in damaged buildings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speckle-based at-wavelength metrology techniques now play an important role in X-ray wavefront measurements. However, for reflective X-ray optics, the majority of existing speckle-based methods fail to provide reliable 2D information about the optical surface being characterized. Compared with the 1D information typically output from speckled-based methods, a 2D map is more informative for understanding the overall quality of the optic being tested. In this paper, we propose a method for in situ 2D absolute metrology of weakly focusing X-ray mirrors. Importantly, the angular misalignment of the mirror can be easily corrected with the proposed 2D processing procedure. We hope the speckle pattern data processing method presented here will help to extend this technique to wider applications in the synchrotron radiation and X-ray freeelectron laser communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to the rise of social, biological, and other rich content graphs, several novel community detection methods using structure and node attributes have been proposed. Moreover, nodes in a network are naturally characterized by multiple community memberships and there is growing interest in overlapping community detection algorithms. In this paper, we design a weighted vertex interaction model based on distance dynamics to divide the network, furthermore, we propose a distance Dynamics‐based Overlapping Semantic Community detection algorithm(DOSC) for node‐attribute networks. The method is divided into three phases: Firstly, we detect local single‐attribute subcommunities in each attribute‐induced graph based on the weighted vertex interaction model. Then, a hypergraph is constructed by using the subcommunities obtained in the previous step. Finally, the weighted vertex interaction model is used in the hypergraph to get global semantic communities. Experimental results in real‐world networks demonstrate that DOSC is a more effective semantic community detection method compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Responsive, integrated and sustainable health systems require that communities take an active role in service design and delivery. Much of the current literature focuses on provider‐led initiatives to gain community input, raising concerns about power imbalances inherent in invited forms of participation. This paper provides an alternate view, exploring how, in a period following reforms, community actors forge network alliances to (re)gain legitimacy and capacities to coproduce health services with system providers. Methods: A longitudinal case study traced the network‐building efforts over 3 years of a working group formed by citizens and community actors working with seniors, minorities, recent immigrants, youth and people with disabilities. The group came together over concerns about reforms that impacted access to health services and the ability of community groups to mediate access for vulnerable community residents. Data were collected from observation of the group's meetings and activities, documents circulated within and by the group, and semi‐directed interviews. The first stage of analysis used social network mapping to reveal the network development achieved by the working group; a second traced network maturation, based on actor–network theory. Results: Network mapping revealed how the working group mobilized existing links and created new links with health system actors to explore access issues. Problematization appeared as an especially important stage in network development in the context of reforms that disrupted existing collaborative relationships and introduced new structures and processes. Conclusion: Network‐building strategies enable community actors to enhance their capacity for coproduction. A key contribution lies in the creation of 'organizational infrastructure'. Patient or Public Contribution: The lead researcher was embedded over 3 years in the activities of the community groups and community residents. Several group members provided comments on an initial draft of this paper. To preserve the anonymity of the group, their names do not appear in the acknowledgements section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: Opuntia ficus‐indica, commonly known as prickly pear, is a widely distributed plant originating in central America. Its wide distribution and popularity as a cultivated plant are due to the sweetness of its fruits. Here, the role of O. ficus‐indica in the livelihoods of people in Limpopo Province, South Africa, was investigated. Roadside traders of prickly pear were surveyed 2019–2020 using paper‐based questionnaires and a convenience sampling strategy. Evidence of O. ficus‐indica trading as a means to generate income was uncovered. Notably, none of the traders knew about invasive species. Future studies should seek to understand the motivations of purchasers. The extent to which rural communities use this species for food security and poverty alleviation is not fully understood. Summary: The Opuntia ficus‐indica (whose fruits are traded in South Africa) is a species that is classified according to the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10/2004) Alien and Invasive Species (NEM:BA A&IS) regulations as an invasive species. This study sought to provide an understanding of the socio‐economic value of O. ficus‐indica and the characteristic profiles of the people who trade with O. ficus‐indica in the Limpopo Province of South Africa.A convenience sampling strategy was conducted along trading roads in Limpopo province, and the data were collected by surveying traders' attitudes toward the prickly pear trade using questionnaires.Our findings show that at the time of sampling 72 traders participated in prickly pear trading along the roadside. Unemployment is cited as the primary reason for their involvement in trading. O. Ficus‐indica is an important fruit for rural communities in Limpopo province. It helps communities living below the poverty line to generate income and to support their livelihoods.Our study highlights the need for the establishment of a Prickly Pear Traders' Agency in order to promote the trade of O. ficus‐indica as a measure to generate income, alleviate poverty, and ensure food security. The paper concludes with recommendations for local government support for O. ficus‐indica traders through the formalization of the trade and through monetary support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy trading model is considered to be one of the appropriate models for managing local energy trading in community grids. But free pricing mechanisms can lead to energy wastage and long response times. In order to facilitate the local consumption of renewable energy within the community, this paper proposes a pricing game strategy with virtual prosumer (VP) guidance on a P2P energy market model in community grid. To prevent market disruption caused by free pricing strategies in the P2P market and ensure the overall social benefit of the community, a VP controlled by the community microgrid manager is introduced to regulate the energy trading of the entire community. A novel and efficient prosumer trading model is proposed where the VP changes its pricing strategy to guide other prosumers to achieve Nash equilibrium and improve the internal consumption rate of new energy in the community. The proposed strategy's rationality and effectiveness are verified through case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensifying climate change and an increasing need for understanding its impacts on ecological communities places new emphasis on testing environmental stress models (ESMs). Using a prior literature search plus references from a more recent search, I evaluated empirical support for ESMs, focusing on whether consumer pressure on prey decreased (consumer stress model; CSM) or increased (prey stress model; PSM) with increasing environmental stress. Applying the criterion that testing ESMs requires conducting research at multiple sites along environmental stress gradients, the analysis found that CSMs were most frequent, with 'No Effect' and PSMs occurring at low but similar frequencies. This result contrasts to a prior survey in which 'No Effect' studies were most frequent, thus suggesting that consumers are generally more suppressed by stress than prey. Thus, increased climate change‐induced environmental stress seems likely to reduce, not increase impacts of consumers on prey more often than the reverse [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the approach taken to develop the United Kingdom's first community Earth system model, UKESM1. This is a joint effort involving the Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), representing the U.K. academic community. We document our model development procedure and the subsequent U.K. submission to CMIP6, based on a traceable hierarchy of coupled physical and Earth system models. UKESM1 builds on the well‐established, world‐leading HadGEM models of the physical climate system and incorporates cutting‐edge new representations of aerosols, atmospheric chemistry, terrestrial carbon, and nitrogen cycles and an advanced model of ocean biogeochemistry. A high‐level metric of overall performance shows that both models, HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and UKESM1, perform better than most other CMIP6 models so far submitted for a broad range of variables. We point to much more extensive evaluation performed in other papers in this special issue. The merits of not using any forced climate change simulations within our model development process are discussed. First results from HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and UKESM1 include the emergent climate sensitivity (5.5 and 5.4 K, respectively) which is high relative to the current range of CMIP5 models. The role of cloud microphysics and cloud‐aerosol interactions in driving the climate sensitivity, and the systematic approach taken to understand this role, is highlighted in other papers in this special issue. We place our findings within the broader modeling landscape indicating how our understanding of key processes driving higher sensitivity in the two U.K. models seems to align with results from a number of other CMIP6 models. Plain Language Summary: The United Kingdom has taken a community approach to model development and delivery of simulations to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The papers in this special issue characterize and evaluate the U.K. models and highlight emerging properties of the models, such as the climate sensitivity. Understanding of the reasons for an increase in sensitivity in these new models is highlighted here, and similarities to our findings from other modeling centers are discussed. Key Points: The United Kingdom has developed its first community Earth system model and delivered a traceable hierarchy of models to CMIP6We applied a process‐based evaluation strategy in model development but chose not to use historic trends or measures of climate responseThe U.K. models exhibit higher climate sensitivity than seen in CMIP5 arising in part from more positive cloud feedbacks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood risk to urban communities is increasing significantly as a result of the integrated effects of climate change and socioeconomic development. The latter effect is one of the main drivers of rising flood risk has received less attention in comparison to climate change. Economic development and population growth are major causes of urban expansion in flood‐prone areas, and a comprehensive understanding of the impact of urban growth on flood risk is an essential ingredient of effective flood risk management. At the same time, planning for community resilience has become a national and worldwide imperative in recent years. Enhancements to community resilience require well‐integrated and enormous long‐term public and private investments. Accordingly, comprehensive urban growth plans should take rising flood risk into account to ensure future resilient communities through careful collaboration between engineers, geologists, socialists, economists, and urban planners within the framework of life‐cycle analysis. This paper highlights the importance of including urban growth in accurate future flood risk assessment and how planning for future urbanization should include measurement science‐based strategies in developing policies to achieve more resilient communities. Plain Language Summary: Flood risk has been on the rise due to climate change and rapid increase in populations living in urban cities. The effect of population growth, in particular, on increasing such risk has been evident in recent years as noted in various studies. The recent shift, however, towards ensuring resilient communities following a natural disaster, requires not only risk reduction while accounting for urbanization but also rapid recovery following a flood event. In this paper, we highlight the importance of urban growth to accurate flood risk assessment and show how planning for future urbanization should include quantitative measures of flood impact in developing policies to achieve more resilient communities. Key Points: Urban growth, resulted by socioeconomic development, plays a crucial role on rising future flood riskUrbanization leads to changes in hazard and exposure components of risk in flood risk assessmentCombining urban expansion with the concept of community resilience and planning for future development helps to move towards a resilient community [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once one of the few self‐sufficient food countries in the world, Turkey has become dependent on imports to feed its population. Food prices have climbed to among the highest in the world, severely threatening the food security of the country. Most researchers generally attributed the high prices to the increased input costs of agriculture. Although the role of input prices cannot be denied, this paper focuses on a neglected problem that can account for food price inflation: the attitudes and behaviours of farming communities towards agriculture. Through fuzzy cognitive map methodology, known to be very effective in understanding complex networks of problems, we identify and map the relationships among the factors affecting the agriculture system, develop interview and literature‐driven scenarios, and test these scenarios to demonstrate their role in explaining the relationship between attitudes and behaviours of farming communities and food prices in Turkey. Our findings provide recommendations to policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, this paper presents to the planetary scientists' community the catalog of the meteorite collection preserved at the Italian Museum of Planetary Sciences (Museo Italiano di Scienze Planetarie, henceforth MISP) in Prato (Italy). Founded in 2005, MISP is a type specimen official repository approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society. It represents one of the few museums worldwide entirely devoted to planetary sciences. The catalog of its meteorite collection encompasses 430 meteorites for a total of 1536 specimens, including 291 thin sections, 184 thick sections, and 278 specimens that MISP has classified. Furthermore, MISP is currently classifying 57 other meteorites. Some samples were found during meteorite recovery expeditions in hot deserts, promoted by MISP in collaboration with diverse Italian universities and national research institutions. MISP also keeps an impact rocks collection comprising 257 samples. In a country like Italy, where most of the collected meteorites are housed in museums whose catalogs are not available online, the publication of the MISP meteorite collection catalog, together with the catalog of the impact rocks collection, represents not only a significant scientific primary source but also a remarkable tool for disseminating meteoritics to nonresearch audiences in educational activities and citizen science projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The obstacle‐avoidance problem of automated vehicles is a hot topic in the community of autonomous driving. The majority of the existing studies focused on the obstacle‐avoidance of a single automated vehicle. The connected vehicles technology provides the possibility of controlling a vehicle swarm to avoid the obstacle cooperatively. Through cooperation, the vehicle swarm not only can avoid an obstacle safely but also can minimize traffic delays. Therefore, this paper proposes a cooperative obstacle‐avoidance model for the automated vehicle swarm driving on the freeway based on the A2C reinforcement learning. The proposed model considers the efficiencies of both the individual and swarm in the learning, and a cooperative lane‐changing execution model is proposed to ensure that the optimal decision made by the A2C algorithm can be performed by the vehicles. Furthermore, simulations are conducted to verify the proposed model. The results indicate that the proposed model can significantly improve the overall traffic efficiency compared with the existing models. In a congested state, when the proposed model is applied to control vehicles, an optimal control range can be found (i.e. 700 m here), and within this optimal range, the traffic efficiency increases with the increment of the number of the vehicles controlled by the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Community Long‐term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) spans more than two decades of soundings from infrared and microwave instrument pairs on Aqua, Suomi‐NPP, and NOAA‐20. CLIMCAPS builds on three decades of research within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Science Team (AST) to retrieve profiles of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, ozone, and many other trace gases as well as cloud and surface properties. In this paper, we highlight four innovative aspects of the AST retrieval methodology that allows the CLIMCAPS record (2002 to present) to bridge technology differences, maintain global coverage and stay updated with fast reprocessing times. CLIMCAPS improves on the AST method with rigorous optimal estimation uncertainty quantification for improved understanding of the signal‐to‐noise in sounding retrievals to allow their use in scientific research. Plain Language Summary: The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) was the first instrument of its kind in space. It has been making measurements daily at ∼1:30 a.m./p.m. since 2002. The Community Long‐term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) uses AIRS measurements to retrieve variables that characterize the thermodynamic and chemical state of the atmosphere. National Aeronautics and Space Administration is funding CLIMCAPS to continue the AIRS record with retrievals from the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder launched on three satellites in similar orbits since 2014 and scheduled for launch on two additional satellites in future. Accurate, consistent, long‐term records of observations are critically important for our understanding of an evolving Earth system. Key Points: Community Long‐term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) extends the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) + Atmospheric Microwave Sounding Unit record with sounding retrievals from Cross‐track Infrared Sounder + Advanced Technology Microwave SounderKey aspects of the AIRS Science Team retrieval methodology are embedded in the CLIMCAPS algorithm to help bridge technology differencesThe CLIMCAPS algorithm design enables an atmospheric sounding product with global coverage in clear and partly cloudy conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study explored how children and adolescents with a neuromuscular disorder (NMD) and their parents experienced barriers and enablers to the child's participation. Method: This was a qualitative descriptive design. Fourteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted (n = 13 mothers, n = 4 fathers, n = 8 children and adolescents) including one to three family members for each interview according to their preference. Data were analysed by content analysis, using the family of Participation‐Related Constructs (fPRC), to characterize the components of participation. Results: Meaningful participation was illustrated in the personal categories of the fPRC including the child's sense of self, preferences, and competence to perform activities. Enablers and barriers related to adaptive equipment and activity modification, social relationships, inclusion, accessibility to venues, social attitudes, and policies. Interpretation: Personal motivators are critical to understanding what participation is meaningful to children and adolescents with NMDs. Social and physical supports within the child's immediate environment as well as accessibility and advocacy more widely in the community enable participation. The fPRC is a useful tool for understanding participation in these children; it informs how to support participation and suggests domains for evaluation in future intervention studies. Advocacy for participation should consider targets in the immediate and broader environments. What this paper adds: The family of Participation‐Related Constructs classified the components of participation for children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders.Meaningful participation involved a complex interaction between personal and environmental factors.Barriers to participation included poor accessibility, lack of equipment, and social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N) is a key limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems, but there remain critical gaps in our ability to predict and model controls on soil N cycling. This may be in part due to lack of standardized sampling across broad spatial–temporal scales. Here, we introduce a continentally distributed, publicly available data set collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) that can help fill these gaps. First, we detail the sampling design and methods used to collect and analyze soil inorganic N pool and net flux rate data from 47 terrestrial sites. We address methodological challenges in generating a standardized data set, even for a network using uniform protocols. Then, we evaluate sources of variation within the sampling design and compare measured net N mineralization to simulated fluxes from the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). We observed wide spatiotemporal variation in inorganic N pool sizes and net transformation rates. Site explained the most variation in NEON's stratified sampling design, followed by plots within sites. Organic horizons had larger pools and net N transformation rates than mineral horizons on a sample weight basis. The majority of sites showed some degree of seasonality in N dynamics, but overall these temporal patterns were not matched by CESM2, leading to poor correspondence between observed and modeled data. Looking forward, these data can reveal new insights into controls on soil N cycling, especially in the context of other environmental data sets provided by NEON, and should be leveraged to improve predictive modeling of the soil N cycle. Plain Language Summary: Nitrogen (N) is not only a key limiting nutrient that often constrains plant growth but also a major pollutant in places where supply exceeds demand. However, we lack the ability to accurately predict and model rates of soil N cycling. This paper introduces a first of its kind, standardized and publicly available data set of soil inorganic N pools and net transformation rates spanning the United States. We describe the data set in detail, then examine spatiotemporal trends in N pools and fluxes and how those measurements compare to predictions from an Earth system model. Key Points: The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) measures soil inorganic nitrogen (N) pools and net flux rates at continental scaleThe most N cycle variation is observed at the site level, followed by plots within sites. Organic horizons have high N pools and flux ratesThe Community Earth System Model 2 poorly predicts temporal trends in net N mineralization. NEON data can be used to improve predictive power [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The persisting and evolving COVID‐19 pandemic has made apparent that no singular policy of mitigation at a regional, national or global level has achieved satisfactory and universally acceptable results. In the United States, carefully planned and executed pandemic policies have been neither effective nor popular and COVID‐19 risk management decisions have been relegated to individual citizens and communities. In this paper, we argue that a more effective approach is to equip and strengthen community coalitions to become local learning health communities (LLHCs) that use data over time to make adaptive decisions that can optimize the equity and well‐being in their communities. Methods: We used data from the North Carolina (NC) county and zip code levels from May to August 2020 to demonstrate how a LLHC could use statistical process control (SPC) charts and simple statistical analysis to make local decisions about how to respond to COVID‐19. Results: We found many patterns of COVID‐19 progression at the local (county and zip code) levels during the same time period within the state that were completely different from the aggregate NC state level data used for policy making. Conclusions: Systematic approaches to learning from local data to support effective decisions have promise well beyond the current pandemic. These tools can help address other complex public health issues, and advance outcomes and equity. Building this capacity requires investment in data infrastructure and the strengthening of data competencies in community coalitions to better interpret data with limited need for advanced statistical expertise. Additional incentives that build trust, support data transparency, encourage truth‐telling and promote meaningful teamwork are also critical. These must be carefully designed, contextually appropriate and multifaceted to motivate citizens to create and sustain an effective learning system that works for their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Big data research requires public support. It has been argued that this can be achieved by public involvement and engagement to ensure that public views are at the centre of research projects. Researchers should aim to include diverse communities, including seldom‐heard voices, to ensure that a range of voices are heard and that research is meaningful to them. Objective: We explored how researchers involve and engage seldom‐heard communities around big data research. Methods: This is a qualitative study. Researchers who had experience of involving or engaging seldom‐heard communities in big data research were recruited. They were based in England (n = 5), Scotland (n = 4), Belgium (n = 2) and Canada (n = 1). Twelve semistructured interviews were conducted on Zoom. All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and we used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse participants' experiences. Results: The analysis highlighted the complexity of involving and engaging seldom‐heard communities around big data research. Four themes were developed to represent participants' experiences: (1) abstraction and complexity of big data, (2) one size does not fit all, (3) working in partnership and (4) empowering the public contribution. Conclusion: The study offers researchers a better understanding of how to involve and engage seldom‐heard communities in a meaningful way around big data research. There is no one right approach, with involvement and engagement activities required to be project‐specific and dependent on the public contributors, researchers' needs, resources and time available. Patient and Public Involvement: Two public contributors are authors of the paper and they were involved in the study design, analysis and writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development, made possible by horizontal drilling and high‐volume hydraulic fracturing, has been fraught with controversy since the industry's rapid expansion in the early 2000's. Concerns about environmental contamination and public health risks persist in many rural communities that depend on groundwater resources for drinking and other daily needs. Spatial disparities in UOG risks can pose distributive environmental injustice if such risks are disproportionately borne by marginalized communities. In this paper, we analyzed groundwater vulnerability to contamination from UOG as a physically based measure of risk in conjunction with census tract level sociodemographic characteristics describing social vulnerability in the northern Appalachian Basin. We found significant associations between elevated groundwater vulnerability and lower population density, consistent with UOG development occurring in less densely populated rural areas. We also found associations between elevated groundwater vulnerability and lower income, higher proportions of elderly populations, and higher proportion of mobile homes, suggesting a disproportionate risk burden on these socially vulnerable groups. We did not find a statistically significant association between elevated groundwater vulnerability and populations of racial/ethnic minorities in our study region. Household surveys provided empirical support for a relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and capacity to assess and mitigate exposures to potentially contaminated water. Further research is needed to probe if the observed disparities translate to differences in chemical exposure and adverse health outcomes. Plain Language Summary: Hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") and horizontal drilling have paved the way for renewed expansion of fossil fuel extraction across the country in the last two decades. Communities have voiced concerns over the industry's potential risks to the environment and public health, especially in regions that heavily rely on groundwater. We developed a new approach to assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination and examined its overlap with measures of social vulnerability. We found significant overlaps between elevated groundwater vulnerability and several measures of higher social vulnerability, suggesting higher risks of drinking water contamination among certain disadvantaged populations. The implications of the co‐occurrence of these vulnerabilities on the inequitable distribution of risks should be considered in policies that aim to balance socioeconomic benefits from the fracking industry and its environmental burdens on marginalized communities. Key Points: Groundwater vulnerability to contamination from unconventional oil and gas development was assessed using a physically based modeling frameworkElevated groundwater vulnerability was associated with several sociodemographic indicators of high social vulnerabilityCo‐occurrence of groundwater vulnerability and social vulnerability poses distributive environmental injustice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subgrid data from earth system models are a powerful, yet underutilized, data resource for investigating the climatic impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC). In this paper, we describe a global dataset on subgrid land surface climate variables produced by the Community Earth System Model in a fully coupled mode. The simulation was conducted at a 0.9° × 1.25° resolution under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario from 2015 to 2100. Data are archived for eight subgrid tiles (urban, rural, tree, grass, shrub, bare soil, crop and lake) and include variables on the physical state, surface energy fluxes, runoff and atmospheric forcing conditions. Archival intervals are monthly, daily and hourly. Meta data on land surface parameters are also available. The data files are stored in NetCDF‐4 (Network Common Data Form, version 4) format and the meta data follow the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 standards. We anticipate that this dataset will become a useful resource for characterizing local climate changes due to LULCC. This dataset can be downloaded from the Harvard Dataverse (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HUXAH6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) leads to emerging changes and issues in future power systems. A system oprator aims to maximise demnad side energy trading while minimising energy improts from upstream grid. This paper proposes a reliable local energy market (LEM) trading mechanism in which consumers and prosumers can trade self‐produced energy in a multiple community‐based market (MCBM) framework to optimally provide the balance. The proposed framework intends to maximise social welfare by fair allocation of resources, increasing the provided reserve for the main grid, and shaving the peak power resulting in enhancement of network flexibility. The overall model is formulated in the style of a bi‐level problem in which the lower‐level clears the market and the upper‐level is designated to redistribute the costs and benefits among market participants. Furthemore, the conditional value at risk (CVaR) approach is employed to evaluate how risk affects social welfare. Moreover, the impact of multiple communities and joint energy trading on the outcomes of the market is examined. The proposed model has been evaluated by analysing IEEE 33‐bus standard test system, and numerical studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever‐evolving electricity distribution network calls for new effective, transparent and fair market procedures to be implemented. This paper offers a systematic framework for real‐time trading in prosumer communities. A data‐driven robust optimization model that deals with uncertainty is proposed using the flexibility requirement envelope concept. Using machine learning techniques, high quality point and quantile forecasts are prepared to form the envelope. Next, this data is fed into the optimization problem to match the peers and the distribution grid, trading power, and flexibility in a short‐term look‐ahead horizon. To increase the quality of forecasts, a clustering approach accompanied by a pattern recognition machine is proposed to determine the cluster to which the recently observed net‐load data belongs. To provide forecasts, a forecasting machine is developed using a hybrid of tree‐based ensemble learning models, which provides intuitive, robust, and accurate results. Finally, the peer matching is done in a decentralized fashion using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), while each agent calculates its battery storage aging cost. Case studies demonstrate the hybrid model's capability in providing high quality power and flexibility forecasts compared to single models and ARIMA models and its positive impact on reducing the overall cost of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With global estimates showing an increasing trend in flooding and its adverse effects on communities and population health, resilience is presented as a concept with potential to help integrate disaster risk management, sustainable development, and climate change adaptation concerns. Resilience research and practice have conceptual and empirical challenges of how to understand, characterize and measure resilience, particularly at community level. Using a multidimensional framework, this paper takes a systems approach to understanding, characterizing, and measuring community flood resilience. Through cluster analysis, bivariate methods and multivariable‐adjusted binary logistic regression modeling, we developed a context and hazard specific construct of community flood resilience and investigated its predictor variables. The factors defining the community flood resilience construct captured the community needs to withstand disasters through purpose‐built infrastructure, early warning systems for preparedness and utilization of local human capacity for adaptation. These results strengthen the previous arguments for utilizing a comprehensive multidimensional framework for resilience analysis. Access to services for improved health and psychosocial well‐being was significantly associated with the three‐item measure of being more flood resilient. Additionally, a strong sense of place and resistance to relocation were presented as key elements of resilience, maintaining community system function, and preserving livelihoods. The study further found that these key factors would not be adequate to guarantee community flood resilience outside the transformative capacity of a well‐resourced village civil protection committee that can prepare and mobilize stakeholders in response to flood emergencies. Our results suggest that, in the context where policymakers seek to strengthen resilience of communities without relocating them, a focus on public health and on strengthening and utilizing local capacities as adaptation, are key in disaster risk management policymaking and implementation. For the international research community, this study demonstrated the importance of utilizing context and hazard specific measures for defining, characterizing, and measuring resilience to inform policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of research documenting Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities' observations of changes in climate. The accuracy, efficacy, and transferability of this research depends on its motives and methods. In this paper, we report on research to produce a working knowledge of changes in climate and its impacts on local biophysical systems in the Tiwi Islands in Northern Australia. Interviews with 52 Tiwi people were combined with diverse forms of aerial data to produce a nuanced understanding of climate change in these remote islands. These data show changes in climate‐sensitive biophysical systems that would otherwise remain undetected by instruments conventionally used for monitoring climate change. These include changes in shorelines, which are causing concerns about damage to buildings that are important for Tiwi well‐being, and changes in the marine environment and wetlands, which are causing concerns about damage to natural heritage. We discuss the implications of these findings, arguing that systematic observations collected by networks of people "on Country" can provide excellent monitoring of climate change impacts, and that Indigenous people's interests in the effects of climate change overlap with those of non‐Indigenous people, as do their rights to support from the State for adaptation. Plain Language Summary: Research that documents Indigenous and local people's observations of changes in the environment is essential to understand the broader implications of climate change. The observations reported in this study in the Tiwi Islands (Northern Territory, Australia) show environmental changes that would otherwise remain undetected by instruments conventionally used for monitoring climate change, particularly changes that affect crucial infrastructure, as well as changes in the marine and coastal environment. Tiwi Islanders observations help monitoring climate change impacts while reaffirming the rights of Indigenous peoples to get support for climate change adaptation from the State. Key Points: Tiwi people observe nuanced changes in the environment that are significant to them, and for understanding the impacts of climate changeTiwi people express concern about the risks of coastal erosion to buildings that are important for their daily lives and livelihoodsIndigenous people's interests in adaptation overlap with those of non‐Indigenous people, as do their rights to support for adaptation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the practice of scholarly journal editors of demanding exclusive review of manuscripts sent to them. Scholarly journals are the mainstays of scientific communication, and publication in them by academicians is the primary route to promotion, tenure, salary increases, recognition and mobility. The scrutiny and assessment of the publication process is therefore of vital concern to the scientific community. This paper will examine what, in the author's view, is currently the most vexatious problem that arises out of the interdependent, complex, and unequal relationship between scholar and journal editor that of exclusive review. In the 1960s, Derek Price, an eminent student of the scientific community, estimated that the number of scientists and scientific papers in all fields and in all countries doubles about every ten years.

Although recent studies have examined the responses of annual‐ and seasonal‐mean Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) activity to global warming, little is known about the seasonal cycle changes that determine the timing of the peak MJO influence on local weather and climate. By analyzing the Community Earth System Model version 2 large ensemble at the end of the 21st century, we report changes in both the phase and amplitude of the seasonal cycle of MJO precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific. While the seasonal delay in phase of the MJO is related to the seasonal delay of total precipitation, with contributions from surface latent heat flux and circulation changes, the amplification in seasonal amplitude is consistent with the increase in MJO amplitude due to mean temperature increases. The shifts in phase of the seasonal cycle of the MJO under global warming may influence the predictability of extreme events. Plain Language Summary: We used the Community Earth System Model version 2 large ensemble simulations to examine the changes in the seasonal cycle of Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) at the end of the 21st century. Under global warming, models project changes in both the phase and amplitude of seasonal cycle of MJO precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific. The seasonal delay in peak phases of the MJO precipitation is influenced by the seasonal delay of total precipitation that was modulated by the changes in surface latent heat flux and circulation. We also note that the amplification in seasonal amplitude of the MJO is related to the enhanced MJO amplitude due to mean temperature increases. The novelty of this paper lies in the investigation of seasonal changes of the MJO in response to global warming that are distinct from the annual‐ and seasonal‐mean MJO changes that have been examined in previous studies. Key Points: Community Earth System Model version 2‐large ensemble simulations are used to examine the changes in seasonal cycle of Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) under global warmingThe model projects changes in both the phase and amplitude of the seasonal cycle of the MJOThe seasonal delay in phase of the MJO is related to the seasonal delay of total precipitation with contributions from surface latent heat [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) can have significant resources, capacities, and influence in their communities, suggesting they have the potential to be agents for transformative sustainability. However, SMEs will need to move beyond firm‐centered sustainable business practices towards strategic approaches that encompass and contribute to resilience‐building processes. Amid the unfolding COVID‐19 pandemic, we explored what types of sustainable business practices of SMEs can contribute to individual, organizational, and community resilience. We identified six clusters of practice that are important in this regard. The clusters are not solely technical or "environmental" but rather illustrative of deeper sustainable values shaped by organizational structure, culture, and behavior. This paper suggests that SMEs can pursue transformative approaches to sustainability that are more environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable and better able to withstand shocks like the COVID‐19 pandemic and can be significant contributors to community resilience. We conclude with a series of future research priorities critical to examine a largely unexplored nexus in the private sector, the linkages and dynamics between sustainability practice, resilience building, and broader community pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different perspectives of what constitutes disaster risk. Among the "hazards"‐tradition research, more focus is given to modelling hazards, and less effort is made to understand the vulnerabilities. Considering vulnerabilities as the inherent characteristics of the place that create the potential to harm, this paper highlights the importance of understanding the vulnerabilities of the place before defining actions for flood risk mitigation (FRM). In this sense, a participatory approach, the Project PLANEJEEE, was developed to understand the social and institutional vulnerabilities of FRM in Campina Grande, Brazil. Data was collected with the collaboration with 199 stakeholders through surveys, workshop and focus groups. The results reflect the analysis of risk perception and coping capacity of communities at risk (n = 172), and the institutional context with the involvement with policymakers and local specialists (n = 27). Although results confirm that individuals faced severe flood risk cases previously, they still need resources for increasing their coping capacity and their own risk protection. Institutional vulnerabilities are shown with the contrast between challenges and actions for FRM. Findings show that multiple challenges in social and institutional contexts should be systematically addressed to propose actions to reduce flood risk vulnerability, and increase resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Western‐democratic countries, it is widely accepted that affected communities should be involved in natural resource planning and decisions. This is especially so when the well‐being of diverse communities is directly involved, and where alternative future options are being considered. Although there is an agreement that 'values' and 'well‐being', in some form, guide decisions, there is no consensus on the well‐being framework(s) that might be used in participatory planning.To assist a multicultural group in assessing alternative future development scenarios for the Martuwarra (Fitzroy River) in Western Australia, we developed a well‐being framework that culturally diverse communities could share and use to discuss and assess scenarios. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the well‐being framework used to assess the potential impacts of scenarios by (i) analysing how effectively participants used the well‐being framework; (ii) verifying whether the well‐being framework was sensitive to the cultural diversity of participants and (iii) direct evaluation by workshop participants.Our analysis shows that participants effectively applied most well‐being categories, and the framework was sensitive to the cross‐cultural context of the application by capturing Aboriginal cultural elements. However, the approach can be improved by including principles of behaviour; producing a more complete system model; and reviewing and amending the well‐being categories in more extensive community consultation.We conclude that the interaction among different worldviews generated valuable knowledge and that, with further adaptation, the framework shows promise for applications involving similar tasks in culturally diverse contexts. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]