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The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 335 patients who underwent PELD between January 2016 and January 2023. Data were derived from the Hospital Information System (HIS), and a comprehensive statistical assessment was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed a range of risk determinants, such as age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, laboratory test parameters and surgery‐related variables. The incidence of SSI after PELD was 2.7% (9/335). Univariate analysis highlighted BMI, diabetes mellitus, long‐term corticosteroid consumption, surgical time and cerebrospinal fluid leakage as significant predictors of SSI. Multivariate logistic regression identified BMI, diabetes mellitus, long‐term corticosteroid consumption, surgical time and cerebrospinal fluid leakage as significant risk factors for SSI after PELD. High BMI, diabetes mellitus, long‐term corticosteroid consumption, long surgical time and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage are predisposing factors for SSI in patients undergoing PELD. Precise interventions focused on such risk components, including careful preoperative assessment and strategic postoperative care, are essential to reduce the incidence of SSI and improve surgical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy and neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy have shown promising results in esophageal carcinoma. However, it is still unclear whether more courses of immunochemotherapy are therapeutically better. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of three courses of neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Patients with locally advanced ESCC received three courses of camrelizumab plus nab‐paclitaxel and capecitabine before undergoing surgery. Additionally, patients received safety, computed tomography (CT), and endoscopy (with endoscopic ultrasonography and mucosal biopsy) assessments before and in the second and third courses of treatment. We used the CT and endoscopic assessment results from the second and third courses for comparison. Results: From May 2020 to December 2021, 47 patients were enrolled at Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center. In our study, 43 patients completed three courses of preoperative chemotherapy combined with anti‐Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) therapy and radical surgical resection. The toxicity of the third course of immunochemotherapy was mild and well tolerated without increased treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) and mortality compared with that of the second course of treatment. In terms of efficacy, an additional course of treatment after the second course of treatment was effective, with increased CT and endoscopy T (clinical T stage) downstaging rates by 16.3% and 25.9%, N (clincial N stage) downstaging rates by 7.0% and 11.1%, and objective response rates (ORRs) by 13.6% and 22.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Regardless of downstaging or ORR, three courses of immunochemotherapy appear to be superior to two courses of treatment without increasing TRAEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endocytoscopy (ECS) provides a magnification of approximately 450× for real‐time observation of lesion nuclei. Using ECS, we aimed to evaluate whether sufficient samples for diagnosis can be obtained during bronchoscopy. We also investigated whether ECS can enable two‐class diagnosis of malignant or non‐malignant transbronchial biopsy specimens in real‐time during bronchoscopy. Methods: This was a single‐facility, prospective, observational, ex vivo study. Forty cases with localized peripheral pulmonary lesions underwent transbronchial biopsy with endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath. Each biopsy specimen was immediately observed and evaluated endocytoscopically after the collection by the bronchoscopic procedure. Results: Thirty‐seven cases were enrolled. The diagnostic accuracy achieved by ECS was 91.9% (34/37). The agreement rate between the endocytoscopic evaluation and pathological diagnosis of each specimen (170 specimens) was 65.3% (111/170). The median time required for endocytoscopic evaluation per specimen was 70 s. When we judged a specimen to be malignant a second time on ECS evaluations of five specimens in one case, pathologically malignant specimens were collected in 26 of 27 cases (96.3%). Conclusions: ECS with methylene blue staining may aid in the two‐class diagnosis of malignant or non‐malignant transbronchial biopsy specimens during bronchoscopy. This may reduce the number of tissue biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of chitosan‐based gel dressing on wound infection, synechia, and granulations after endoscopic sinus surgery of nasal polyps. A systematic literature search until March 2022 incorporated 386 subjects after endoscopic sinus surgery of nasal polyps at the beginning of the study; 187 were using chitosan‐based gel dressing, and 199 were control. Statistical tools like the dichotomous method were used within a random or fixed‐influence model to establish the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the influence of chitosan‐based gel dressing on wound infection, synechia, and granulations after endoscopic sinus surgery of nasal polyps. Chitosan‐based gel dressing had significantly lower wound infection (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25–0.92, P = 0.03), and synechia (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13–0.50, P < 0.001) compared with control in subjects with endoscopic sinus surgery of nasal polyps. However, no significant difference was found in granulations between chitosan‐based gel dressing and control in subjects with endoscopic sinus surgery of nasal polyps. Chitosan‐based gel dressing had significantly lower wound infection, synechia compared with control in subjects with endoscopic sinus surgery of nasal polyps, and no significant difference in granulations. Further studies are required to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]