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This meta‐analysis aims to systemically evaluate the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The China HowNet, China Biomedical Literature, VIP periodical resource integration service platform, Wanfang, Embase, Cochrane Central, and PubMed databases were retrieved using the computer. The retrieval period was up to July 2021. Randomised controlled trials on VSD combined with PRP in the treatment of DFU were collected. Those trials that met the inclusion criteria were included for meta‐analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 13 articles were included. In the trial group, 477 patients with DFU were treated with VSD combined with PRP, while in the control group, 482 patients with DFU were treated with conventional dressings and/or VSD. The meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the control group, VSD combined with PRP has significant advantages in shortening healing time (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.07 to −0.67, P <.00001), improving ulcer healing rates (odds ratio = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.95 ~ 5.46, P <.00001), and reducing hospital stays (mean difference = −15.29, 95% CI: −16.05 to −14.54, P <.00001), but the differences in dressing change times (SMD = −1.27, 95% CI: −2.71 to 0.17, P =.08) and hospitalisation expenses (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI: −13.40 to 13.07, P =.98) were not statistically significant. VSD combined with autologous PRP has good curative efficacy in the treatment of DFU and is a better treatment option. However, this treatment is limited in patients with platelet dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, leukaemia, and poor general condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in water storage of the large freshwater lakes in Arid Central Asia (ACA) have significant implications for the regional social and ecological systems. Here we present a lake‐level record of the past 2,000 years from Bosten Lake, a large freshwater body in the region, using the sedimentary Cladoceran microfossil. The results suggest that a lower lake level and a higher salinity occurred during the cold, high‐precipitation periods of 280–450 AD and 1570–1850 AD, and that a higher lake level and a lower salinity occurred during the warm, low‐precipitation period of 450–1570 AD. The findings show that on the centennial timescale, the water‐level fluctuations of Bosten Lake were modulated mainly by temperature‐driven meltwater input. In addition, the shortage of freshwater during the cold period may have contributed to the collapse of the ancient cities and the depression of the trade along the Silk Road. Plain Language Summary: Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake of China, is located in the northeast part of Tarim Basin. The lake is important freshwater resources and plays an important role in sustaining regional social and ecological systems. In this study, we reconstructed the water‐level fluctuations of the lake over the past 2,000 years, based mainly on the Cladoceran microfossil analyses of a sediment core. The results suggest that a lower lake level occurred during the cold, high‐precipitation periods of 280–450 AD and 1570–1850 AD, and that a higher lake level occurred during the warm, low‐precipitation period of 450–1570 AD. The findings show that on the centennial timescale, the water‐level fluctuations of Bosten Lake were modulated mainly by temperature‐driven meltwater input. In addition, historical documents reveal that a large number of ancient cities in the Tarim Basin were abandoned in the third‐sixth centuries and that the trade along the ancient Silk Road was relatively depressed during that time, coinciding with the salinization and the shrinking of Bosten Lake. This suggests that the shortage of freshwater during this cold period may have contributed to the collapse of the ancient cities and the depression of the trade along the Silk Road. Key Points: On the centennial timescale, the water‐level fluctuations of Bosten Lake were modulated mainly by temperature‐driven meltwater inputThe shortage of freshwater during the cold period may have contributed to the collapse of the ancient cities along the Silk Road [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lunar surface temperature (LST) derived from thermal infrared (TIR) measurements can aid in understanding the physical properties of the lunar surface. The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (herein, Diviner) sensor provides global lunar surface observation in seven TIR channels. However, its retrieval of LST constantly uses a single emissivity value (i.e., 0.95) by ignoring the spatial variation of lunar surface, thereby reducing the accuracy of temperature and day–night temperature difference. To overcome this problem, this study developed a physical method called temperature–emissivity separation (TES) algorithm to retrieve LST and lunar surface emissivity from the daytime observation in three Christiansen Feature (CF) channels (7.55–8.05, 8.10–8.40, and 8.38–8.60 μm) of the Diviner, and then used the emissivity from daytime observation to inverse LST at nighttime observation. Findings showed that the TES algorithm could retrieve LST and emissivity with an error of less than 0.8 K and 0.008, respectively. However, observation noise significantly affected the retrieval accuracy, particularly for the low‐temperature pixels; moreover, high retrieval accuracy requires a surface temperature higher than 240 K. The new algorithm was applied to obtain the daytime and nighttime LST and emissivity from the Diviner images. Results showed that the LST retrieved from the algorithm differed approximately 3.9 K from that calculated from a single emissivity 0.95. Finally, an example of global surface temperature and emissivity were obtained. Consequently, the CF pixels were found to distribute in the latitude range from −60° to 60°; however, they did not have a large distribution in high‐latitude and near‐polar regions. Key Points: A physical algorithm was proposed to estimate lunar surface temperature and emissivity from Diviner daytime and nighttime observationsLunar surface temperature retrieved from the new algorithm differed 3.9 K from that calculated from a fixed emissivity 0.95Global lunar Christiansen Feature pixels were identified and found to mainly distribute in the latitude range from −60° to 60° [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a frequent thyroid malignancy. With the significant regulatory role in tumor progression, more attention has been employed to investigate mechanism of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in progression of PTC. We prospectively explored the mechanism whereby lncRNA SET‐binding factor 2‐antisense RNA1 (SBF2‐AS1) is implicated in pathogenesis of PTC. First, differentially expressed SBF2‐AS1 between PTC and normal adjacent thyroid tissues was determined, and result indicated a higher SBF2‐AS1 expression in PTC tissues than adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, highly SBF2‐AS1 expression predicted a poor prognosis in PTC patients. Second, SBF2‐AS1 overexpression promoted cell viability and cycle of PTC, while inhibited cell apoptosis. However, SBF2‐AS1 downregulation reduced viability and cycle, while promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, SBF2‐AS1 could bind with miR‐431‐5p and showed negative correlation with miR‐431‐5p in PTC patients. Furthermore, miR‐431‐5p bind with cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 14 and showed negative correlation with CDK14 in PTC patients. Finally, overexpression of CDK14 counteracted with the inhibitory role of SBF2‐AS1 downregulation on cell viability, cycle, and apoptosis of PTC. In conclusion, SBF2‐AS1 exhibited oncogenic property in PTC, and knockdown of SBF2‐AS1 could be a therapeutic strategy for PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversy remains over whether anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( ACDF) or posterior cervical foraminotomy ( PCF) is superior for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. We therefore performed a systematic review including three prospective randomized controlled trails ( RCT) and seven retrospective comparative studies (RCo S) by searching Pub Med and EMBASE. These studies were assessed on risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and the quality of evidence and level of recommendation were evaluated according to the GRADE approach. Clinical outcomes, complications, reoperation rates, radiological parameters, and cost/cost-utility were evaluated. The mean complication rate was 7% in the ACDF group and 4% in the PCF group, and the mean reoperation rate was 4% in the ACDF group and 6% in the PCF group within 2 years of the initial surgery. There was a strong level of recommendation that no difference existed in clinical outcome, complication rate and reoperation rate between the ACDF and the PCF group. There was conflicting evidence that the ACDF group had better clinical outcomes than the PCF group (one study with weak level of recommendation). PCF could preserve the range of motion ( ROM) of the operated segment but did not increase the ROM of the adjacent segment (weak level of recommendation). Meanwhile, the average cost or cost-utility of the PCF group was significantly lower than that of the ACDF group (weak level of recommendation). In conclusion, the PCF was just as safe and effective as the ACDF in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Meanwhile, PCF might have lower medical cost than ACDF and decrease the incidence of adjacent segment disease. Based on the available evidence, PCF appears to be another good surgical approach in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly c-axis oriented Bi2− x Na x Sr2 Co2 O y ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) thin films were successfully deposited onto LaAlO3 (0 0 1) single crystal substrates by the chemical solution deposition method. The Na-doping effects on microstructures as well as transport and thermoelectric properties were investigated. The crystallite size normal to the thin film surface was decreased with Na doping, and the carrier concentration and mobility was enhanced and decreased, respectively. As for the transport properties, it is suggested that Na-doping-induced disorders play a more important role at low temperatures, while at the medium temperature the doping play a trivial role, at higher temperatures Na-doping weakens the electron correlation. Combined with the transport properties and Seebeck coefficient results, it is suggested that the thermoelectric properties are mainly controlled by carrier concentration due to the hole doping in blocking layers. Power factor at 300 K was enhanced about 22% for the Bi1.7 Na0.3 Sr2 Co2 O y thin film as compared with that of the undoped thin films, suggesting that Na doping at blocking layer in Bi2 Sr2 Co2 O y was an effective route to enhance the thermoelectric power factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single exposure to drugs of abuse produces an NMDAR ( N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor)-dependent synaptic potentiation at excitatory synapses of dopamine ( DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area ( VTA) of the midbrain. All addictive drugs can increase DA concentrations in projection areas of the midbrain, including the hippocampus. Hippocampal DA release subsequently modulates hippocampal plasticity and drug-associated memories. Using in vivo electrophysiological recording techniques in anesthetized rats, we show that systemic injection of morphine induced hippocampal synaptic potentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Intra- VTA but not intra-hippocampus injection of morphine evoked this potentiation. Local hippocampal dopamine D1 receptors ( D1R) are required in the morphine-induced synaptic potentiation and conditioned place preference ( CPP). Moreover, both NMDAR activation in the VTA and VTA/hippocampus dopaminergic connections are essential for the morphine-evoked potentiation and CPP. These findings suggest that NMDAR signalings in the midbrain play a key role in regulating dopamine-mediated hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying drug-induced associative memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly c-axis-oriented Ca3 Co4− x Cu x O9+δ ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition on LaAlO3 (001) single-crystal substrates. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrums were used to characterize the derived thin films. The solubility limit of Cu was found to be less than 0.2, above which [ Ca2( Co0.65 Cu0.35)2 O4]0.624 CoO2 with quadruplicated rock-salt layers was observed. The electrical resistivity decreased monotonously with increasing Cu-doping content when x ≤ 0.2, and then slightly increased with further Cu doping. The Seebeck coefficient was enhanced from ~100 μV/K for the undoped thin film to ~120 μV/K for the Cu-doped thin films. The power factor was enhanced for about two times at room temperature by Cu doping, suggesting that Cu-doped Ca3 Co4 O9+δ thin films could be a promising candidate for thermoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To determine the genetic diversity of invasive snails ( Pomacea spp.) that are implicated in crop damage, environmental degradation and human disease, and to determine their distribution pattern in a large part of eastern Asia. Location People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Methods We collected Pomacea snails in a national survey using a grid sampling approach. Overall, 544 snails from 54 sites were used for the present investigation. The mitochondrial cox1 gene was amplified and sequenced from all the snails. We determined and classified the haplotypes using network analyses and mapped them within P.R. China. Haplotypes from this study, together with sequences available from GenBank, were used to reveal the global distribution of Pomacea canaliculata and P. insularum. Results We obtained 521 cox1 sequences and identified 24 unique haplotypes. Six haplotypes were commonly found in P.R. China. Two species, P. canaliculata and P. insularum, and one cryptic group were observed. The distribution of the 24 haplotypes across P.R. China shows a mosaic pattern. Globally, only six of 112 haplotypes of P. canaliculata, P. insularum, P. dolioides, P. lineata and P. paludosa are shared between introduced and native snail populations. We found 16 haplotype clusters, five of which occur in mainland P.R. China. Three of the five clusters could be traced back to South America. The remaining two clusters were unique to P.R. China. Main conclusions Phylogenetic analyses indicate that P. canaliculata, P. insularum and two cryptic groups, discovered by the present and previous studies, coexist in the mainland of P.R. China. The mosaic distribution and the high diversity found in the collection sites suggests multiple and secondary introductions. The findings indicate the importance of preventing further intentional introductions and call for appraisal of the risk posed by these snails in vulnerable areas. Discrimination of the ecological impacts of the different species or genotypes will help to develop setting-specific management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, [Sm(C7H5O2)3(C12H8N2)], the Sm(III) cation is coordinated by six O atoms from three bidentate 2-formyl-phenolate ligands and by two N atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline ligand. The resulting SmN2O6 coordination polyhedron is a distorted square anti-prism. In the crystal, C-H⋯O inter-actions connect mol-ecules into chains along the b-axis direction. In addition, π-π stacking inter-actions are observed with centroid-centroid distances in the range 3.6422 (13)-3.7329 (13) Å.

There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(15)H(17)N(3)O(6). The 2,3-dioxopiperazine ring adopts a half-chair conformation with torsion angles of -7.6 (4) and 35.1 (4)° in one mol-ecule, and 5.3 (4) and 45.4 (4)° in the other mol-ecule. In the crystal structure, the carb-oxy groups are involved in classical inversion-related O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. These dimers are further linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Each independent mol-ecule also exhibits an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The H atoms of the carb-oxy groups are disordered over two positions, with refined site-occupancy factors of 0.5.

Chronic morphine administration decreases the size of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). These transient morphological changes are accompanied by a reduced sensitivity of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) after chronic exposure to the drug. In this study we examined alterations in the firing rate of DAergic neurons by means of extracellular recording following chronic morphine exposure and applied 100 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) treatment to reverse the reduced firing rate of these neurons. In the first set of experiments we show that in rats, which received chronic morphine treatment for 14 days, a small dose of morphine was not able to induce a CPP response anymore. However, the sensitivity to morphine was reinstated by consecutive EA treatment for 10 days. The electrophysiological response of VTA DA neurons to morphine was markedly reduced in chronic morphine-treated rats compared to saline-treated controls. A substantial recovery of the reactivity of VTA DA neurons to morphine was observed in rats that received 100 Hz EA for 10 days. Our findings suggest that 100 Hz EA is a potential therapy for the treatment of opiate addiction by normalizing the activity of VTA DA neurons.

The title mol-ecule, C(14)H(19)NO(6), was synthesized by the reaction of glyoxylic acid, ethyl acetoacetate and NH(4)HCO(3). In the crystal structure, the dihydro-pyridine ring adopts an asymmetric boat-type conformation with the C atom bearing the carboxyl group showing a signficantly larger deviation [0.325 (2) Å] from the base plane then the N atom [0.137 (2) Å]. One of the ethyl groups is disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.741 (10) and 0.259 (10). The crystal is stabilized by strong inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. N-H⋯O inter-actions form infinite chains in the a direction. O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form typical carboxylic acid dimers, which link the N-H⋯O chains into a ladder-type double chain.

In the title compound, C(21)H(30)N(2)O, there are five fused rings. The A and C rings adopt chair conformations, ring B adopts an 8β,9α-half-chair conformation and ring D adopts a 14α-envelope conformation. The pyrazole ring is planar. Inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds [H⋯N = 1.88 (5) Å] help to stabilize the crystal structure. The absolute structure was deduced from those of the starting materials.

The aromatic mol-ecule of the title compound, C(20)H(14)N(4)·2C(3)H(7)NO, occupies a special position on an inversion center. The benzimidazole unit (planar to within 0.008 Å) forms a dihedral angle of 9.1 (2)° with the central benzene ring. The benzimidazole H atom participates in a hydrogen bond with the dimethyl-formamide solvent molecule, thus giving rise to the title 1:2 aggregate. These aggregates are further linked in the crystal structure by aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 6.356 (2) Å].

Mol-ecules of the title compound, C(56)H(76)Cl(4)O(16)S(4), have crystallographic C(2) symmetry and adopt a 1,3-alternate conformation where the four -OCH(2)CH(2)OCH(2)CH(2)Cl groups are located alternately above and below the virtual plane (R) defined by the four bridging S atoms. The dihedral angles between the plane (R) and the phenolic rings are 72.85 (7) and 74.57 (7)°. An unusual 24-membered macrocyclic ring is formed in the crystal structure with an array of eight intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the ether arm H atoms and the sulfonyl O atoms. In the supra-molecular structure, the mol-ecular components are linked into infinite zigzag one-dimensional chains by a combination of four inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R(2) (2)(13), R(2) (2)(16), R(2) (2)(21) and R(2) (2)(26) ring motifs. These chains are augmented into a wave-like two-dimensional network by weak C⋯O inter-actions. One tert-butyl group shows rotational disorder, and one CH(2)CH(2)Cl group is disordered over two orientations; the site-occupation factors are 0.756 (6) and 0.244 (6) for the two tert-butyl groups, and 0.808 (3) and 0.192 (3) for the two CH(2)CH(2)Cl units.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(17)H(10)N(4)O, has crystallographically imposed C(2) symmetry. The urea group and the benzene ring are nearly coplanar, the dihedral angle between them being 4.15 (7)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions, with a centroid-to-centroid separation of 3.833 (4) Å.

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic morphine-induced neuronal morphological changes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in rats at electron-microscopic level. Fourteen days of administering escalating doses of morphine induced pathological morphological changes of neurons in the VTA: the rough endoplasmic reticulum swelled, membrane configuration of the nucleus and mitochondria blurred, and structure of myelin sheath changed. Both 2 and 100 Hz EA treatment reversed the morphological alterations induced by chronic morphine administration. The findings provide new evidence that EA may serve as a potential therapy in treating opiate addiction.