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Open research practices seek to enhance the transparency and reproducibility of research. While there is evidence of increased uptake in these practices, such as study preregistration and open data, facilitated by new infrastructure and policies, little research has assessed general uptake of such practices across psychology university researchers. The current study estimates psychologists' level of engagement in open research practices across universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland, while also assessing possible explanatory factors that may impact their engagement. Data were collected from 602 psychology researchers in the United Kingdom and Ireland on the extent to which they have implemented various practices (e.g., use of preprints, preregistration, open data, open materials). Here we present the summarized descriptive results, as well as considering differences between various categories of researcher (e.g., career stage, subdiscipline, methodology), and examining the relationship between researcher's practices and their self-reported capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM-B) to engage in open research practices. Results show that while there is considerable variability in engagement of open research practices, differences across career stage and subdiscipline of psychology are small by comparison. We observed consistent differences according to respondent's research methodology and based on the presence of institutional support for open research. COM-B dimensions were collectively significant predictors of engagement in open research, with automatic motivation emerging as a consistently strong predictor. We discuss these findings, outline some of the challenges experienced in this study, and offer suggestions and recommendations for future research. Estimating the prevalence of responsible research practices is important to assess sustained behaviour change in research reform, tailor educational training initiatives, and to understand potential factors that might impact engagement., (© 2024 The Authors. British Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The British Psychological Society.)

Scientific papers are essential manifestations of evolving scientific knowledge, and arguments are an important avenue to communicate research results. This study aims to understand how the argumentation process is represented in scientific papers, which is important for knowledge representation, discovery, and retrieval. First, based on fundamental argument theory and scientific discourse ontologies, a coding schema, including 17 categories was constructed. Thereafter, annotation experiments were conducted with 40 scientific articles randomly selected from two different research areas (library and information science and biomedical sciences). Statistical analysis and the sequential pattern mining method were then employed; the ratio of different argumentation units and evidence types were calculated, the argumentation semantics of figures and tables analyzed, and the argumentation structures extracted. A correlation analysis between argumentation and rhetorical structures was also performed to further reveal how argumentation was represented within scientific discourses. The results indicated a difference in the proportion of the argumentation units in the two types of scientific papers, as well as a similar linear construction with differences in the specific argument structures of each knowledge domain and a clear correlation between argumentation and rhetorical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The table of contents for the 2012 issue of the periodical "XXX International Congress of Psychology" is presented.

T. B. Ward (1994) investigated creativity by asking participants to draw alien creatures that they imagined to be from a planet very different from Earth. He found that participant drawings reliably contained features typical of common Earth animals. As a consequence, Ward concluded that creativity is structured. The present investigation predicts that this limitation on creativity is not restricted to drawings: the use of different technology will not change creative output. To investigate this question, participants performed Ward's task twice: once using pencil and paper and once using software made to design creatures (the Spore Creature Creator). Only minor significant differences were found. This preliminarily suggests that changing tools does not affect the overall rigidity of the creative process. This lends further support to Ward's thesis on the structural rigidity of creativity. We conclude by suggesting an elaboration to Ward's thesis that will be explored in future work. We suggest that aesthetics might be one of the factors that contribute to creative constraint, in that creatures that are too unusual would be less interesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of unproctored Internet-based testing (IBT) for personality assessment is increasingly popular, especially in personnel selection. Previous studies on its equivalence to traditional proctored paper-and-pencil testing (PPT) have used between-subjects designs, which makes it difficult to separate intergroup effects from format effects, and have shown mixed results. The aim of the present study was to assess the quantitative, qualitative, and auxiliary equivalence of unproctored IBT and proctored PPT of personality, using a within-sample design. Undergraduate students ( n = 407) completed both an Internet and a paper-and-pencil version of a measure of the Big Five, with a 1 to 3 week interval. The proctored paper-and-pencil assessment was completed in class and the unproctored Internet assessment was completed at the time and place chosen by the participants. Results showed effect sizes for mean differences to vary from null to small. Skewness and kurtosis indices, reliability coefficients, intercorrelations magnitudes, as well as factor solutions, were highly similar across formats. Respondents did not prefer IBT over PPT on a series of statement about their perceptions and reactions to IBT. In conclusion, results suggest that IBT and PPT of the Big Five personality traits are equivalent, and that the data obtained are comparable across formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jung's idea of the 'personal equation' amounts to the reflection that theoretical differences between the psychologies that people teach are rooted in their personalities, in other words, that they are due to the psychology each one 'has'. This concept also applies to different interpretations of Jung's work. The serious difficulties that Mark Saban has with my psychology are a case in point. Recourse to the concept of the personal equation reveals that Saban has his Jung and I have mine. With his insistence on his Talmudic methodological principle of dream interpretation, that 'the dream is its own interpretation', according to Saban Jung means nothing but a rejection of Freudian free association. My Jung goes far beyond that. Jung understands this methodological principle above all in terms of what he calls 'circumambulation'. The main part of this paper is devoted to an elucidation of what circumambulation involves as a mode of dream interpretation. The paper concludes with the distinction Jung himself introduced between two types of reading of his work, either as 'paper' and 'dead nostrums' or as 'fire and wind', and pleads for a reconstruction of Jung's psychology as a whole in terms of his most advanced, deepest insights, instead of a dogmatic reading mainly based on the early Jung, a reading for which his later revolutionary insights are at best negligible embellishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a paper by Doctor Christine Hill which reported psychoanalysis from the perspective of the analysand. It states that the paper represents a post hoc view of the analysand's conception of an analytic process that in the main had already been completed. It mentions that Hill did not use the word "safe" often, which the author believes is the key to how the successful analyst must function.

The article presents a discussion on the paper titled "Your Self: did you find it or did you make it?" presented by author Louis Zinkin at the Society of Analytical Psychology meeting in November 1991. Several authors including David Howell, Kate Newton, and Joe Redfearn, discussed and criticized the constructivist view of the self that Zinkin has proposed in his paper. The meeting was chaired and introduced by Christopher Perry.

This paper consists of a discussion of Neil Altman's ‘Psychoanalysis and war’, which was conducted online through PsyBC in the fall of 2006. Discussants were a group of psychoanalytically oriented thinkers chosen by the author and Nancy Hollander, the author of the other paper included in the discussion. The paper represents the full discussion with only minor edits to correct typographical errors and improve clarity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on review papers regarding the development of a national strategy for suicide prevention. It states that the Suicide Prevention Advocacy Network (SPAN) commissioned the papers for a national conference about suicide prevention that was held in Reno, Nevada in October 1998. It mentions that the strategy aims to determine, support, and coordinate integrated programs against suicidal behaviors in Americans at the community and national perspective.

All papers will be fully peer reviewed with publication of the full issue scheduled for later in the same year. Belief in conspiracy theories has become widespread, from COVID-19 and vaccinations to climate change and QAnon. [Extracted from the article]

Commentary on the papers of the special issue identifies and discusses four themes: 1) strategies to bridge the gap between science and practice, 2) sources of community science questions of interest, 3) choice and quality of methods, and 4) epistemology and useful language for community science. The commentary identifies some limitations in the models proposed by the special issue authors, and proposes renewed attention to ecology, context and process in community change initiatives, calling for a common set of community level measures as one strategy to advance a community centered science agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study of three generations' families living together during a period of marked economic dislocation investigates whether supportive grandparents can ameliorate the negative effects of economic stress on parenting and on teen outcomes. The study focuses on harsh parenting and adolescent depression, which has been shown to be especially responsive to economic stress. Three hypotheses were investigated: (1) in extended families there is a link between economic adversity and adolescent depression that is mediated by harsh parenting; (2) grandparent support diminishes the relationship between economic pressure and harsh parenting; and (3) grandparent support diminishes the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Data were collected from a community sample of 62 extended families with an adolescent during a period of marked economic dislocation in Bulgaria. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents completed questionnaires about perceived economic pressure, parents' harsh parenting, and perceived support of grandparents. Adolescents also completed a measure of self-reported depression. Additional interviews were conducted with every eligible family member about family relations. Results showed that even though there was significant economic stress reported by parents, adolescents reported moderate levels of depression and low levels of harsh parenting by mothers and fathers. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that whenever respondents experienced support by grandparents, it made a difference for family members. More specifically, despite economic stress, mothers who experienced the support of grandparents tended to exercise less harsh parenting practices than mothers who lacked such support. Furthermore, when grandparents were supportive, harsh parenting was not associated with adolescent depression. These findings are discussed in the light of existing studies of families under economic pressure with a special focus on extended family relations and the role of cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movements of psychologists with a liberatory agenda have emerged in a number of countries. A guide and overview is offered here. These networks have not yet developed into a particularly strong movement. Some of the reasons for this will be discussed in relation to the contradictory role of mainstream psychology as both loyal critic and as resource for the ruling order. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined psychologists' willingness to accept a new client into their private practice as a function of the client's clinical presentation (with or without overt suicidality). Psychologists' openness to working with a client at risk of suicide was evaluated in the context of potential barriers to treatment provision, such as practitioners' endorsement of stigmatizing attitudes, concerns over liability and inadequate training, and limited access to community resources., Method: Eighty-six licensed psychologists practicing within the United States were surveyed via e-mail and randomly assigned to one of two conditions, consisting of exposure to a vignette describing either a client reporting current suicidal ideation and a history of attempts or a client without explicitly elevated suicide risk. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their likelihood of accepting the hypothetical client into their practice and examining possible explanations for disinclination to provide treatment., Results: Psychologists were less willing to work with a client experiencing suicidality than an individual without elevated suicide risk. Those indicating a reluctance to provide services reported greater concerns over the adequacy of their suicide-related skills and training and fewer resources in the community., Conclusions: Recommendations for improving the responsiveness of private practitioners are provided, with an emphasis on enhancing clinical training and increasing the availability and accessibility of mental health resources., (© 2018 The American Association of Suicidology.)

The article offers information on the journal's invitation for the submission of papers on the topics of open science, qualitative methods, and social psychology.

This paper conceptualises "human resource (HR) differentiation" as a set of deliberate and differentiating HR practices across individuals within the organisation to address employees' unique work needs and preferences as well as reward them for their input. Despite the importance of HR differentiation, research has mainly focused on the recipients of such practices, overlooking the consequences of HR differentiation from co‐workers' perspective. This is a significant omission because a growing concern suggests that HR differentiation might be a double‐edged sword, as the presumed positive effects might only be confined to employees benefiting from it. Taking a first step, this paper offers a conceptual model that explains how co‐workers of a focal employee, who is entitled to an advantageous outcome through HR differentiation, are likely to react, either positively by showing contentment or negatively by showing anger, with behavioural consequences towards the focal employee and organisation. In so doing, we rely on deontic justice theory and explore contextual conditions at the individual and team level under which co‐workers react. As a result, our model can inspire future research by adopting a broader and more inclusive approach to HR differentiation, underlining the need for caution when implementing HR differentiation in a team setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doi's paper has successfully spelled out several important points on amae: (1) Amae is an interpersonal process; (2) the origin of amae probably lies in the infant-mother relationship: (3) the concept of amae provides no absolute standard to classify a behavior in terms of amae;, (4) amae is best understood as a combination of patterns of behaviors; and (5) amae is g very broad concept. Implicit, but insufficiently recognized in Doi's paper, is the concept that amae is an interpersonal process of negotiation that is continuously revised throughout life. it is not just a motivational factor embedded in. an individual: underneath the surface phenomenon of amae, an amaeru-ing person usually allows the other to feel needed, valued, and respected. Operationalizing the concept of amae for international research requires that the term be defined in relation to a combination or patterns of behaviors observable in the infant/child-mother dyad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper of the Change Process Study Group of Boston addresses an unsolved conceptual problem: How does one codify intersubjective states? The transfer of concepts from infant research to the adult therapeutic dyad is more than an analogy in that certain primitive aspects of mind appear in infancy, but persist throughout life. The regulation of consciousness is one salient example. The adult therapeutic dyad and the mother–infant dyad can be viewed as self-regulating dynamic systems that are also self-reparative. The concept of implicit relational knowledge is offered as an alternative way of thinking about internal object relations. © 1998 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PSYCHOLOGY as of June 1996. Topics discussed include the social construction of gender; subjectivity, religious identity, and tolerance among Israeli adolescent girls; and accuracy and distortion in memory: a cognitive neuroscience prospective.

The article offers information on the XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PSYCHOLOGY as of June 1996. Topics discussed include stereotyping the outgroup: effects of perceived ability on estimated task performance with similar and different others; examination of complex behaviors using genetic strategies; and analysis of circadian behavioral rhythms using genetically altered mice.

I begin from the assumption that the social groups within which people acquire subjective attributes belong to two different orders. Those of the first order follow the model of organized, closed structures that define fixed places. Examples are social institutions, the state, and the oedipal structure. The groups of the second order are ad hoc groups whose life and consistency depend on the emergence of a problem that must be solved and, therefore, on a doing together. I call these groups communities. This approach to the matter of globalization responds to a way of thinking linkage organization that privileges different ontologies and a characteristic topology for each of them. We should ask ourselves whether solidarity requires an ontological definition; whether it constitutes an ethical problem (commitment), a moral problem (behaviour or obligation), an action/doing based on a previous knowledge of one of the parties, a practice created in connection with an emerging problem, a psychic mechanism, and so on. To answer these manifold questions, I travel a path – one among many possible paths – that involves understanding solidarity as a resource and a practice referred to psychic suffering, especially in present-day Argentina. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Case of Ictal Fear with Various Psychiatric Manifestations and Memory Disturbance in Interictal Stages.Purpose:Ictal emotion corresponds to“affective seizures,” according to the Proposal for Revised Clinical and Electroencephalographic Classification of Epileptic Seizures by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE; 1981), and is characterized by the appearance of affective disorders such as fear, depression, pleasure, and anger. In particular, the ictal emotion, in which fear is the most commonly noted emotion, is referred to as“ictal fear.” In the present study, we report a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy, who showed ictal fear associated with various psychiatric manifestations including memory disturbance in the interictal stage that promptly subsided with antiepileptic drug (AED) administration.Case Report:A 24-year-old woman had recurrent episodes fear and anxiety. Family risk factors consisted of major depression in the maternal grandmother, but no familial history of epilepsy. The patient had a history of mumps with fever of 38°C at age 6 years without febrile convulsion. The present illness began around April 1997, when the patient became aware of swelling of the left ear membrane and a tinnitus-like noise, with an occasional feeling of her entire body floating in air. On March 6, 2000, severe giddiness suddenly developed, and from April of that year, she had pronounced drowsiness and hypersomnia. From January 2001, her giddiness and feeling of dizziness became marked, and she was overcome by an unpleasant feeling from January 16 to 17. From January 18 to 19 and on February 7 and 8 she manifested emotional lability. She had a depressive mood on February 22 and reversed to an elated mood the following day. On March 6, she experienced sudden severe left ear pain, which was diagnosed as migraine at a department of neurosurgery in another hospital. In addition, from about this time, anxiety and vague feeling of panic developed. From around April, she experienced autonomic seizures lasting 20 s, characterized by abnormal sensations of gooseflesh and coldness extending from the left posterior neck to cheek. These seizures occurred at a frequency of 20 to 30 times a day. Furthermore, she showed increased anxiety, depressive mood, and palpitations with feeling of left chest constriction in the interictal period. On May 25 and 26, autonomic seizures consisted of sudden severe nausea, and from June were characterized by a feeling of gooseflesh and coldness extending from the upper to lower arms bilaterally. The duration of these seizures was 10–20 s, and the frequency was 10 times/day. From the same period, she had various psychiatric symptoms such as hypobulia, declining activity, and a sense of guilt in the interictal period. From around August, her unpleasant feeling gradually worsened, and her voice became low, and her actions became slow. Furthermore, hypochondriacal and depressive symptoms became more marked, and appetite decreased, with the appearance of insomnia and suicidal ideation. On August 28, generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCSs) occurred twice, and after the first GTCS, she had ictal fear lasting 60–120 s, which occurred at a frequency of 4 to 5 times per day. The experience of ictal fear was engendered by the patient imagining a scene in which she was enveloped in the dark by some fearful thing and pursued by something of an unknown nature. Subsequently, her parents witnessed her screaming during the ictal fear. On September 21, she was admitted to our hospital for detailed examinations and treatment.Both the ictal and interictal symptoms improved with increasing doses of carbamazepine (CBZ). Clinical examinations revealed no particular hematologic or biochemical abnormalities, and the neurologic examination was normal. Psychometric examination showed FIQ, 87[verbal IQ (VIQ) 94; performance IQ (PIQ), 82] on the WAIS-R, with procedural memory showing a learning effect in both mirror drawing and tower of Hanoi puzzle. Interictal EEGs showed generalized high-amplitude slow-burst 6- to 7-Hz train, which disappeared after CBZ administration. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal intensity areas in bilateral amygdala and hippocampal regions.[99mTc]-HMPAO single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images depicted hypoperfusion findings in the right medial temporal lobe.Discussion:This case had onset of epilepsy at age 20 years, and her symptoms were initially diagnosed as migraine and anxiety disorder. At the time of admission to our hospital, memory disturbance and various psychiatric symptoms such as a sensation of fear, anxiety, and depression were noted, so that the presence of anxiety disorder and dissociative disorder was suspected. However, based on the EEG and brain-imaging findings, a diagnosis of epilepsy was made. The notable features in this case are summarized as follows: (a) simple partial seizures consisting primarily of ictal emotions associated with the experience of fear; (b) interictal symptoms including various psychiatric manifestations such as manic–depressive and anxiety symptoms and memory disturbance; (c) abnormal MRI and SPECT images in the medial temporal lobes, possibly compatible with hippocampal sclerosis; and (d) rapid amelioration of the ictal and interictal symptoms with CBZ administration, accompanied by the disappearance of the generalized high-amplitude slow waves on the EEG.Conclusions:These findings suggest that ictal emotion is induced by localized focal seizures in the hippocampus and the adjacent limbic system including the amygdala. Moreover, the fact that CBZ administration ameliorated the interictal symptoms comprising various psychiatric manifestations and memory disturbances suggests that functional dysfunction associated with enhanced interictal discharges in the limbic system caused the interictal symptoms. Etiologic Analysis of Epilepsy in Children.Purpose:A population-based neuroepidemiologic survey of childhood epilepsy was conducted in the Okayama Prefecture on December 31, 1999, as the prevalence day. We analyzed the presumptive causes in this survey to clarify the causes of childhood epilepsy in the general population.Methods:The segment of the population younger than 13 years in the Okayama Prefecture on the prevalence day was 250,997. The lists of children with epilepsy were collected from the medical records of 84 hospitals and clinics in and around Okayama Prefecture, and 2,220 cases were identified; the prevalence rate was 8.8 per 1,000. In this study, EEGs were examined in 99.3% of the cases. The 2,220 cases, however, included 889 cases with single seizures or seizures induced by fever, because they were diagnosed as epilepsy by definite EEG abnormalities. Generally, cases of single seizures or seizures induced by fever are excluded from epileptic seizures in epidemiologic studies. When the 889 cases are excluded, the prevalence rate for the 1,331 cases decreased to 5.3 per 1,000. The former 2,220 cases and the latter 1,331 cases were designated as group A and group B, respectively. An etiologic analysis was carried out in the two groups.Results:Group A: (a) Presumptive causes were identified in 816 (37.8%) cases, and 1,341 (60.4%) cases had unknown etiology. The other 63 (2.8%) cases were excluded from the total because of a lack of etiologic information. (b) Predisposition to convulsions or epilepsy within second-degree relatives was found in 20.3%. (c) Prenatal causes consisted of genetic neurologic diseases in 1.4%, chromosomal aberrations or malformations in 2.0%, cerebral dysgenesis in 2.0%, intrauterine infection in 0.1%, and congenital hydrocephalus in 0.4%. (d) Perinatal causes consisted of premature birth with a low birthweight in 3.2% and neonatal asphyxia or abnormal delivery in 4.8%. (e) Postnatal causes consisted of encephalitis or meningitis in 2.7%, intracranial hemorrhage or vascular disorder in 0.9%, head trauma in 0.6%, and brain tumor in 0.2%. Group B: (a) Presumptive causes were identified in 562 (42.2%) cases, and 735 (55.2%) cases had unknown etiology. The other 34 (2.6%) cases were excluded from the total because of a lack of etiologic information. (b) Predisposition to convulsion or epilepsy within second-degree relatives was found in 18.9%. (c) Prenatal causes consisted of genetic neurologic diseases in 2.1%, chromosomal aberrations or malformations in 2.8%, cerebral dysgenesis in 2.6%, intrauterine infection in 0.2%, and congenital hydrocephalus in 0.6%. (d) Perinatal causes consisted of premature birth with a low birthweight in 3.9%, and neonatal asphyxia or abnormal delivery in 6.8%. (e) Postnatal causes consisted of encerder in 1.4%, head trauma in 0.8%, and brain tumor in 0.3%. (f) No significant differences in the prevalence of etiologic factors were noted between groups A and B.Conclusions:These findings indicate the etiologic distribution of childhood epilepsy in the general population. Comparison of Neuropsychological Findings Before Temporal Lobectomy Between Patients with Both Amygdalohippocampal Seizures and Psychotic Manifestations and Patients with Only Seizures.Purpose:The objectives of the study were to classify patients with amygdalohippocampal seizures into two groups according to the status of psychotic manifestations such as delusion and hallucination and to compare the neuropsychological findings.Subjects and Methods:We reviewed the neuropsychological findings of 28 patients (14 male, 14 female patients) who underwent temporal lobectomy and classified them into patients with psychotic manifestations such as hallucination and delusion (group P) and patients without them (group N). All patients underwent neuropsychological examinations including the Japanese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS-R), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Japanese Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (WMS-R), verbal paired-associates learning test, story recall test, Benton's visual retention test, Rey-Osterrieth's complex figure test, Kana pick-out test, Japanese Raven's colored progressive matrices, and Japanese western aphasia battery.Results:The 28 patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy had a mean age at surgery of 36.0 years and mean age at seizure onset of 13.8 years. They were composed of 15 patients with right-sided temporal resection and 13 patients with left-sided temporal resection. According to psychotic manifestations, we classified them into the groups P and N. Group P group consisted of seven patients (25% of all patients) whose mean age at surgery was 39.6 years and mean age at seizure onset was 10.9 years. Group N consisted of 21 patients (75%) whose mean age at surgery was 34.8 years and mean age at seizure onset was 14.8 years. No statistically significant differences were found in the ages at surgery and seizure onset. The scores, determined by using Benton's visual retention test (fail), were higher (p<0.05) in group P than in group N. The scores determined by using the depression (D), psychopathic deviation (Pd), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), schizophrenia (Sc) scales of MMPI were higher (p<0.05) in group P than in group N. The scores of the WMS-R attention/concentration test, verbal paired-associates learning test, story recall test, and Benton's visual retention test (pass) (p<0.05) were higher in group N than in group P. The patient background of group P was as follows: Group P consisted of one male and six females; three of whom had febrile seizures. One patient had right-sided temporal resection, and six patients had left-sided temporal resection. The mean age of psychotic manifestation development was 33.4 years. The psychotic manifestations were characterized by visual hallucinations in three patients, and delusion of reference and persecution in seven patients. The average number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used was 2.9, and the major AEDs were phenytoin, carbamazepine, zonisamide, and clonazepam. Four patients were married, two patients were unmarried, and one patient was divorced. The educational level was junior high school in two patients, high school in three patients, and technical college in two patients. The WAIS-R IQ was 81.9; verbal IQ was 82.6; and performance IQ was 84.6.Conclusions:Group P was distinguished from group N by the clinical scales such as the D (p<0.05), Pd (p<0.05), Pt (p<0.05), Pa (p<0.01), and Sc (p<0.01) scales of the MMPI. Thus the MMPI is a useful tool for determining patients with psychotic manifestations. The attention/concentration results in the WMS-R, verbal paired-associate learning test (hard), story recall test, and Benton's visual retention test findings revealed that patients with both amygdalohippocampal seizures and psychotic manifestations had more severe memory and attention impairments than did the patients with only seizures. Epilepsy: The Clinical Profile, Outcome, and Epilepsy-Related Psychosis.Purpose:This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile and the prognostic factors in 1,000 epilepsy patients attending a tertiary care hospital from the year 1996 to 2001.Methods:The evaluation in all cases included clinical assessment, intelligence testing with the Stanford–Binet scale, metabolic workup, EEG, and computed tomography (CT) scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA) were done in selected patients. Patients were classified as per the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification and were followed up with the primary end point of a 1-year seizure-free period. Epilepsy-related psychosis was included as a study parameter in the final 3 years of the study period (500 patients). The psychoses were classified into postictal (immediately after seizures, distinct from the delirious, confusional state after seizures), interictal (with a lucid interval of normal mentation of≥24 h between seizure and psychosis), and chronic psychosis (of>3 months' duration, present all the time). Statistical analysis was done with aχ2 test wherever relevant.Results:The ages of the patients ranged from 7 months to 74 years, with a mean of 30± 8 years; 55% of them were male patients. Of the cases, 59% had localization-related epilepsy, whereas 41% had generalized epilepsy. Myoclonic epilepsy was seen in 5%, and absence seizures, in 3%. On analyzing the etiology of seizures, 66% were cryptogenic or idiopathic, 16% had neurocysticercosis, 8% had tuberculosis, 3% were postinfective, 3% had a vascular etiology, 2% had congenital abnormalities, and 2% were posttraumatic. Twelve (2.4%) patients were diagnosed as epilepsy-related psychosis, of whom eight were male patients. The majority (seven of 12) had complex partial seizures. Postictal psychosis was diagnosed in four patients; seven had acute interictal psychosis, and one patient had chronic psychosis. The interictal and chronic psychoses were schizophreniform, whereas the postictal psychoses were nonspecific. EEG showed a temporal lobe focus in all seven of the complex partial seizures with psychosis and an extratemporal focus in three patients. Two of the patients had normal EEGs. Neuroimaging abnormalities seen in 10 patients included gliosis (three), calcified granulomas (three), medial temporal sclerosis (two), and nonspecific findings (two). Two patients had normal imaging studies.Conclusions:No significant difference was seen in seizure control between the subgroups of patients with generalized and localization-related epilepsy. Our results are in agreement with the recent studies that suggest that the types and causes of seizures are not significantly related to the seizure control. The most predictive factors for good outcome were younger age (p<0.05) and good intellectual development (p<0.05). Earlier studies found 0.5–9% of patients with epilepsy to have epilepsy-related psychosis. Epilepsy-related psychosis was seen in 2.4% of our patients. This factor should be kept in mind by the caregivers of patients with epilepsy. Occupational Ability of Patients with Intractable Epilepsy.Purpose:To examine the occupational ability including interpersonal skills of patients with intractable epilepsy and to identify factors relevant for employment.Methods:Forty-eight patients (36 men, 12 women) with intractable epilepsy were studied. The mean age was 26.6 years (range, 18–49). Average IQ by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised was 61.4 (range, 38–95). Epilepsy diagnoses were symptomatic partial epilepsy, 41; symptomatic generalized epilepsy, six; and idiopathic generalized epilepsy, one. Seizure types were generalized tonic–clonic seizure, 13; complex partial seizure, 29; simple partial seizure, 11; and other seizures, 10. Twenty-one patients had more than one seizure per week. Nineteen patients had seizures with falling that might cause injury. We evaluated the occupational abilities of the patients through observation during occupational therapy and by vocational aptitude tests. At the same time, their employment status 6 to 18 months after leaving the hospital was surveyed. We then compared the abilities of employed patients (Employed) with those of unemployed patients (Unemployed). Fisher's exact test and Mann–WhitneyUtest were used for statistical analyses.Results:(a) Work habits, comprehension, practicality (quickness at work, workmanship), and interpersonal skills were evaluated as normal only in 40%, 6%, 10%, and 23%, respectively, of the patients through observation. The results of vocational aptitude test were generally low. Subsequent employment status was employed, 15; community workshop, five; day care, three; unemployed, 14, and others (including housewife, student), 11. (b) Intelligence scores (IQ; mean± S.D.) were 63.8± 11.1 in the Employed and 63.8± 16.7 in the Unemployed (NS). Comprehension and practicality were evaluated as normal in 13% of the Employed and none of the Unemployed (NS). Overall work habits were evaluated as normal in 67% of the Employed and 7% of the Unemployed (p<0.01). The subitem“asking therapists, greeting” was evaluated as sufficient in 80% of the Employed and 21% of the Unemployed (p<0.01). Interpersonal skills were evaluated as normal in 53% of the Employed and none of the Unemployed (p<0.01); 13% of the Employed and 79% of the Unemployed had a tendency to be isolated from others (p<0.01). As for vocational aptitude tests, the Employed performed better in tests of motor coordination, skilled finger movements, and sorting coins than the Unemployed (p<0.05). Concerning seizure control, none of the Employed and 29% of the Unemployed had seizures with falling during the daytime (NS).Conclusions:Good seizure control, preserved work habits, good interpersonal skills, and skilled motor coots with intractable epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized a life history approach to describe clients’ psychological experiences of the alcohol withdrawal process while voluntarily residing in a specialist alcohol withdrawal facility. Reflection on the past and anticipation of the future frequently occupied the thoughts of participants as they sought insight in to their lives. These insights were associated with a range of emotions that included embarrassment, shame, optimism, feelings of support and a sense of loss of control. The findings provide additional information on the human experience of alcohol withdrawal and, thus, increase empathy, understanding and knowledge. This increased understanding can be utilized to improve the quality of nursing care provided to this complex client group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperamental characteristics have been related to later externalizing and internalizing behavioral outcomes. To assess the relationship between temperament and the early family environment, we measured infant temperament, pleasure in parenting, and marital happiness via parent report in 99 families with a nonrelative adoptive infant. Perceptions of child temperament were assessed using two subscales of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ; Rothbart, 1981). Mothers and fathers who rated their adoptive child as showing more Distress to Limitations (on the IBQ) reported less pleasure in routine parenting activities; this effect was mediated by marital happiness for fathers. Mothers reported less pleasure in parenting with infants perceived to be more temperamentally fearful (on the IBQ). The bidirectional relationship between temperamental characteristics and pleasure in parenting is discussed. © 2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the knowledge and practices of Chinese doctors in the management of osteoporotic fractures after the Chinese osteoporotic fracture guidelines update and aseries of medical education in 2017. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional survey of doctors in 71 cities across Mainland China. Based on the 2017 Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic fractures, a questionnaire was designed and pre‐tested for reliability and validity. Doctors were surveyed with the questionnaire after scientific meetings during February 2017 to January 2018 through WeChat or conference digital platforms or in paper form. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the responses to the questionnaire. Results: Overall, 314 valid questionnaires were confirmed. Regarding diagnosis, 77% agreed that osteoporosis could be diagnosed once an osteoporotic fracture occurred; 83% believed that the bone mineral density criteria for osteoporosis diagnosis would be T ≤ −2.5 SD. For treatment, almost all (99.7%) agreed with anti‐osteoporosis treatment being one of the basic principles of osteoporotic fracture treatment; 71.6% considered bisphosphonates as the most commonly used anti‐osteoporosis drug; 97% believed that patients who have used anti‐osteoporosis drugs should reassess osteoporosis after osteoporotic fractures instead of discontinue; 95% thought that the patients who did not use anti‐osteoporosis medications before osteoporotic fracture should be treated with anti‐osteoporosis drugs after fracture treatment as early as possible; 89% agreed that the standard use of bisphosphonates after osteoporotic fracture would not affect bone healing adversely; 59% believed the course of bisphosphonates treatment for osteoporosis would be 3–5 years, and 27% considered it to be 1–3 years. The patient follow‐up rate was poor: 46% selected follow‐up rate <30%; only 20% selected follow‐up rate >50%. Only 31% of the hospitals had long‐term management programs for osteoporotic fractures. Conclusions: Doctors generally adhered to the updated Chinese guidelines for osteoporotic fractures; frequent participation in medical education can help doctors to increase their awareness of osteoporosis as well as their acceptance and practice of the guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author responds to Dr.R.B. Britton's paper on narcissism. The author says that Dr. Britton has defined the field he finds pertinent to his clinical practice. In doing this he has added an original thought of his own that the relationship between self and ego ideal in narcissistic states displaces the relationship between ego and super ego. He describes this as a defensive response to a super ego that cannot be faced. And he asked the question: Is a narcissistic state therefore an evasion of the super ego and an alternative to seeking love from the super ego? This is one of the gems of this paper and it shifts thinking about narcissism away from its predominantly envy based roots in the Kleinian development.

Introduction: Implementation science (IS) offers methods to systematically achieve the Ending the HIV Epidemic goals in the United States, as well as the global UNAIDS targets. Federal funders such as the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) have invested in implementation research to achieve these goals, including supporting the AIDS Research Centres (ARCs), which focus on high‐impact science in HIV and mental health (MH). To facilitate capacity building for the HIV/MH research workforce in IS, "grey areas," or areas of IS that are confusing, particularly for new investigators, should be addressed in the context of HIV/MH research. Discussion: A group of IS experts affiliated with NIMH‐funded ARCs convened to identify common and challenging grey areas. The group generated a preliminary list of 19 grey areas in HIV/MH‐related IS. From the list, the authors developed a survey which was distributed to all ARCs to prioritize grey areas to address in this paper. ARC members across the United States (N = 60) identified priority grey areas requiring clarification. This commentary discusses topics with 40% or more endorsement. The top grey areas that ARC members identified were: (1) Differentiating implementation strategies from interventions; (2) Determining when an intervention has sufficient evidence for adaptation; (3) Integrating recipient perspectives into HIV/MH implementation research; (4) Evaluating whether an implementation strategy is evidence‐based; (5) Identifying rigorous approaches for evaluating the impact of implementation strategies in the absence of a control group or randomization; and (6) Addressing innovation in HIV/MH IS grants. The commentary addresses each grey area by drawing from the existing literature (when available), providing expert guidance on addressing each in the context of HIV/MH research, and providing domestic and global HIV and HIV/MH case examples that address these grey areas. Conclusions: HIV/MH IS is key to achieving domestic and international goals for ending HIV transmission and mitigating its impact. Guidance offered in this paper can help to overcome challenges to rigorous and high‐impact HIV/MH implementation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the history of psychology in Great Britain in the nineteenth century. British-authored undergraduate writings on the topic of psychology; Comparison of the history of psychology with medicine and psychiatry; Problems in the accessibility and storage of the resource materials on psychology; Developments in the history of psychology by mid-1980s; Fundamental problem with the field of history of psychology in Britain; Factors which affect the process behind institutional change and development of the history of psychology in Great Britain.

Explores the issues dealing with constructivism in psychology. Non-essentialist arguments; Aims of the methods and teachings of non-essentialism in Buddhism; Views of self for constructivists and Buddhists; Discussion on the ideas of leading psychologists in constructivism.

The special issue, "Direct Replications in Legal and Criminological Psychology", will address this gap in the knowledge base by combining a set of papers that will report on direct replications of crucial effects in legal and criminological psychology. Researchers interested in reporting a direct replication study for the special issue can complete the Google form at https://tinyurl.com/directreplications. [Extracted from the article]

A call for papers for a special issue of the journal which will focus on evidence concerning which populations, context, and settings Cognitive Analytic Therapy may be of value while providing guidance for future research efforts.

This paper offers an analytical review of Miller's classic paper of 1956 on 'the magical number 7'. It takes account of that paper's contradictions as well as of its implicit conclusions. Miller's text is by no means clear in its logic or in its terms, and a review might be deemed helpful to those who are trying to understand it. The discussion begins with a brief historical overview. Miller's paper is then reviewed according to the order of the points made by Miller, thus facilitating a lucid comparative reading with that paper. Guidance on interpreting Miller's text is given throughout, leading to a number of technical conclusions. Finally, two general conclusions are offered, one which refers to the decision-making literature, and one which refers more synoptically to science itself. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the diversity literature by probing whether diversity papers are cited as frequently as nondiversity papers in management and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology journals. Based on the stigma‐by‐association theory, I argue that as a result of their association with minority groups, diversity papers may be devalued and thus "othered" by scholars. Using a citation analysis of 46,930 papers published in 29 peer‐reviewed management and I/O psychology journals, I present empirical evidence in Study 1 that diversity papers were cited significantly less frequently than nondiversity papers. The authors' gender and institutional prestige, journal tier and domain, and year of publication were not moderators. In Study 2, I used a scenario experiment to demonstrate the stigma‐by‐association effect. The authors' gender demonstrated a significant moderating effect in this experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the book "The Survival Papers: Anatomy of a Midlife Crisis," by Daryl Sharp. This book draws on the basic concepts of Jungian psychology to explore the experience and meaning of conflict, depression and many other symptoms associated with psychological problems in the middle years of life.

The article highlights the conference "Succeeding Laius: Intergenerational Difficulties in Psychotherapy Organizations," which was held in London, England by the Confederation for Analytical Psychology on March 10, 2007. The conference is part an attempt by the Confederation to reflect on turbulence in the organization associated with a transition in leadership from a founder member to a second generation.

The research into patient involvement is seldom concerned with the significance of cultural and structural factors. In this discussion paper, we illustrate our considerations on some of the challenges in implementing the ideal of patient involvement by showing how such factors take part in shaping the ways in which the intentions to involve patients are converted to practical interventions. The aim was to contribute to the approach dealing with contextual and structural factors of significance for patient involvement. With the idea of "institutional logics," borrowed from the Danish scholar, Erik Riiskjær, we first demonstrate, with examples from our own research, how patient involvement is interpreted differently within the different logics. Then, we show how the different interpretations of patient involvement meet and conflict in mutual competition as the ideals are sought to be converted to practical interventions. At last, we argue that an adequate theoretical model for the development in the future health care system should be expanded with a "patient logic." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can realistic spatial scenarios be used to measure spatial mental imagery? Can people accurately evaluate their spatial imagery? Does gender moderate the relationship between performance on realistic spatial imagery tasks and ratings of imagery realism? Forty-two female and 31 male undergraduates first rated the realism of their images after reading spatial scenarios based on actual spatial tasks. In phase 2, they solved closely related spatial scenario problems, and then completed the VZ-2 Paper Folding test. Performance on realistic spatial scenarios predicted performance on the VZ-2. Men's evaluation of their spatial imagery realism predicted their actual spatial performance, but women's did not. More task experience was positively related to more realistic images and higher scores on the VZ-2. These results were generally consistent with those found with more artificial stimulus materials, but also demonstrated the importance of considering gender differences in spatial problem strategy and/or rating scale interpretation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the article published in the "Journal of Analytical Psychology," which claims that homosexuality should be regarded as a perversion. Technical definition of perversion; Possible causes of homosexuality; Basis for the claim that adolescent homosexuality fosters heterosexuality.

Contemporary discussions about operational definition often hark back to Stanley S. Stevens' classic papers on psychological operationism. Still, he was far from the only psychologist to call for conceptual hygiene. Some of Stevens' direct colleagues at Harvard—most notably B. F. Skinner and E. G. Boring—were also actively applying Bridgman's conceptual strictures to the study of mind and behavior. In this paper, I shed new light on the history of operationism by reconstructing the Harvard debates about operational definition in the years before Stevens published his seminal articles. Building on a large set of archival evidence from the Harvard University Archives, I argue that we can get a more complete understanding of Stevens' contributions if we better grasp the operationisms of his former teachers and direct colleagues at Harvard's Department of Philosophy and Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the discontinuation of four year of editorship in journal Occupational and Organizational Psychology (JOOP). He states the running the journal requires teamwork and he is honored to work with editorial board. He also comments the high quality of the paper in the journal JOOP increased substantially. The author concludes that JOOP survived enormously past 4 years in the field of work and organizational psychology.

An editorial is presented on the Editorial Advisory Group for the British Psychological Society (BPS) journals has delighted to present this special issue of landmark papers. Topics include the many different spheres of influence of psychological knowledge, the opportunity to delve outside of your immediate area of interest and read the whole spectrum of papers, and the emphasis on theoretical enhancement and of presenting theoretical interpretations of empirical findings.

Background: Learner profiles detected from digital trace data are typically triangulated with survey data to explain those profiles based on learners' internal conditions (e.g., motivation). However, survey data are often analysed with limited consideration of the interconnected nature of learners' internal conditions. Objectives: Aiming to enable a thorough understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, this paper presents and evaluates a comprehensive approach to analysis of learners' self‐reports, which extends conventional statistical methods with psychological networks analysis. Methods: The study context is a massive open online course (MOOC) aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) for health. Learners' (N = 497) perceptions related to PA, as well as their self‐efficacy and intentions to increase the level of PA were collected before and after the MOOC, while their interactions with the course were logged as digital traces. Learner profiles derived from trace data were further examined and interpreted through a combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks analysis. Results and Conclusions: The inclusion of psychological networks in the analysis of learners' self‐reports collected before the start of the MOOC offers better understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, compared to the conventional statistical analysis only. Likewise, the combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks in the analysis of learners' self‐reports before and after the MOOC provided more comprehensive insights about changes in the constructs measured in each learner profile. Major Takeaways: The combined use of conventional statistical methods and psychological networks presented in this paper sets a path for a comprehensive analysis of survey data. The insights it offers complement the information about learner profiles derived from trace data, thus allowing for a more thorough understanding of learners' course engagement than any individual method or data source would allow. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Researchers have made extensive use of data from online learning platforms—often referred to as learning trace data—to understand how learners engage in online learning activities.Surveys are often used to gather information about learners' motivation, perceptions, and other internal factors, to complement the insight gleaned from learning traces and thus create a more complete picture of the learning behaviour.When analysing survey data, the focus is usually on individual factors without considering how different factors are connected and affect one another.Psychological networks analysis is a novel analytic approach to studying complex phenomena both in psychology and education. What this paper adds: The paper uses psychological networks as a method for examining mutual relations among learners' internal factors (e.g., motivation, perceptions) measured through self‐reports before and after a course.By combining conventional statistical analysis of self‐reports with psychological networks analysis, the paper develops a comprehensive picture of learners' internal factors measured through self‐reports, one that accounts for both individual and interconnected nature of those factors.This comprehensive approach to information extraction from surveys allows for better understanding of trace‐based learner profiles, that is, profiles mined from data about learners' interaction with online learning activities. Implications for practice and/or policy: The presented method paves a way for a comprehensive analysis of the data collected from learners through surveys.It helps us gain a better understanding of learners' engagement with online learning activities.It can advance the evaluation of digital educational programs that aim to encourage changes in health‐related behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological research has acknowledged that the commonly accepted definitions of ‘transgender’, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ within psychological research have resulted in limitations in accounting for the lived realities of transgender individuals. Such limitations include, but are not limited to, the continued pathologization of transgender experiences through idealizing sex and gender congruence and incapacity to account for non‐normative and non‐binary transition pathways. This paper provides a review of these limitations to first demonstrate how the incongruence definition of ‘transgender’ is reliant on the idea of a ‘true’ gender, and next suggest that problematising the idea of a ‘true’ gender allows new conceptions of transgender experiences to be advanced. To undertake this problematization, the work of Judith Butler and Sara Ahmed is used to consider how gender could be conceptualized otherwise in psychology and then applied to transgender experiences. In all, this paper theorizes transgender experiences without a reliance on the assertion of a true gender, to suggest instead a focus on contextualized transgender experiences. Last, the limitations and implications of this definition of transgender are briefly discussed. Overall, transgender experiences are conceptualized as those experiences that run counter to the dominant (re)production of binary sexed gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective consciousness is “baked into” the architecture of the human mind—it is at the foundation of a uniquely human psychology, wherein homo sapiens have the intent and the capacity to cooperate with beings that are living and dead, human and otherwise. I discuss the psychological contours of collective consciousness and its effects on human cognition, affect, motivation, and behavior. Integrating across three major theoretical papers and dozens of empirical papers, I argue that the psychological structure and function of collective consciousness are intertwined; the former giving rise to the latter. I also discuss two varieties of collective consciousness—collective reality and collective psychology—that enable individual and group success in human society. I will end by describing how the psychology of collective consciousness can enhance our understanding of mutual trust and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper overviews Bowen family systems theory and its approach to family therapy. It aims to introduce this influential approach and a sample of developments in theory and practice since Bowen's first publications of his research and theory. This paper is the second edition of a 1999 article with the same title (Brown, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 94 and 1999) and, 25 years later, offers new insights from the original author's ongoing research into the theory. This new edition is in collaboration with a second author and Bowen theory scholar, bringing fresh perspectives on the theory's applicability to family therapy practice. The core concepts are presented briefly, and a case example with a parent and symptomatic adolescent demonstrates how theory informs the role of the therapist and the therapeutic work. Examples of criticisms of Bowen theory are also discussed, including the misinterpretation around the idea of emotion in Bowen theory that is communicated in Gottman's training. Differentiation of self is clarified as the integration of emotion and intellect rather than privileging one over another, which affords the opportunity for individuals to avoid being governed by the invisible strings of sensitivities in relationships and instead be themselves in good emotional contact with the other person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]