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The article focuses on mystery fiction literary tourism and how it has impacted real world spaces. Topics include visits to the homes and haunts of authors, as well as places that fictional characters frequent, the popularity of guidebooks for these endeavors, and a particular focus is placed on the locations within the "Sherlock Holmes" books.

Books depicting underrepresented racial or cultural groups and the messages they convey offer vehicles for change. But not all messages have the same impact, and thought should be given to which messages are used when and for what purpose. Our research contributes to the national conversation about diverse children's books by illuminating nine themes dominant in fiction and narrative nonfiction picture books (K–3) published between 2008–2015 featuring characters who are Asian/Pacific Islander, black/African/African American, Central and South American (Hispanic/Latinx), Middle Eastern/North African/Arab, First/Native Nations, and bi‐/multiracial. We also provide insight into the messages communicated by the relative prevalence of characters portrayed in each theme from each group. Inviting those who use books with children to turn their attention to overarching messages, we provide a model of how these themes can be used to interrogate a collection and its nuances of representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents criticism on the "Matched" series of Young Adult (YA) fiction, from the author Ally Condie, which includes the books "Matched," "Crossed" and "Reached." Particular focus is given to the book series' exploration of science, the creative arts and dystopian society. Additional topics discussed include biocapitalism as represented in the series, the series use of poetry to develop characters, and how the book examines the STEM-dominated higher education and jobs market of the 21st-century.

The article examines Indonesian teen novels that feature Japanese images. Particular focus is given to the novel "Terror," written by Hazaki Akira. Additional topics discussed include Japanese popular culture, the history of Japanese colonialism in Indonesia, globalization and gentrification, and an examination of female fiction writers of Japanese-themed novels including Prisca Primasari, Erni Aladjai and Orihara Ran.

The author proposes the use of the term "eratometrics" to denote the statistical approach to the sociology of literature with the aim of bringing English studies back to the idea of a rigorous scholarly discipline. He cites several most recent books in the British Library catalogue with the phrase "Sociology of Literature" in their titles, including "Essays on the Sociology of Literature" edited by V. D. Gupta. He also mentions literary coincidences that do not take a statistical form.

An anonymous poem, The Pleasures of a Single Life and the Miseries of Matrimony, published and republished in the first decade of the eighteenth century, presents a familiar attack on marriage but an unusual representation of bachelorhood. The latter is depicted as a life of specific aesthetic, emotional and intellectual pleasures, satisfactions that often disappeared with marriage and included male companionship, private study, contemplation and domestic tranquility. Appearing at a time when concepts of manhood, the institution of marriage, and sexuality were in flux, and when a spate of parliamentary divorces, a widowed king, and a ‘bachelor’s tax’ featured prominently in public life, the poem drew substantial response, portraying as it did a possible unmarried life that ran unsettlingly against the grain of normative expectations. The resonance of The Pleasures, as much or more for its depiction of gratifying singleness as for its attack on matrimony, highlights the importance of the domesticity of unmarried women and men in the history of eighteenth-century society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research shows that extended contact via story reading is a powerful strategy to improve out-group attitudes. We conducted three studies to test whether extended contact through reading the popular best-selling books of Harry Potter improves attitudes toward stigmatized groups (immigrants, homosexuals, refugees). Results from one experimental intervention with elementary school children and from two cross-sectional studies with high school and university students (in Italy and United Kingdom) supported our main hypothesis. Identification with the main character (i.e., Harry Potter) and disidentification from the negative character (i.e., Voldemort) moderated the effect. Perspective taking emerged as the process allowing attitude improvement. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in the context of extended intergroup contact and social cognitive theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How might Korean/Korean American youth cope with everyday life as a minority or a model minority if they had early and consistent exposure to literature depicting the mirrored experiences of Korean/Korean Americans? This study employed qualitative methods and an interpretive approach which enhance understanding of the life experiences, literary experiences, interpersonal interactions, and complex socio-cultural contexts of Korean/Korean American adolescents. Data was collected through interviews, participant-observations, and response journals. The findings revealed that the participants' exposure to the literature provided opportunities to reflect on their own experiences related to the stories, expand their worldviews, increase critical awareness of social issues, enhance understanding of issues and struggles of Korean/Korean Americans, and experience personal transformation. The interpretive community created spaces to deepen literary understanding by providing chances to share their viewpoints, grapple with alternative points of view, and add layers of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociology can be both a science and literature. While sociology as science investigates general tendencies of social phenomena through statistical analysis and advances social policies based on the understanding of their objective causes, sociology as literature focuses on the non-generalizable aspects of an individual event and considers the reasons for the resulting actions of human beings. In this article I examine prominent works in the sociology of literature by three representative Japanese sociologists, Sosuke Mita, Keiichi Sakuta and Shun Inoue, from the 1970s to the early 1980s. After this period, contemporary French philosophy, such as that of Foucault, introduced to Japan during the 1980s, made it clear that literature is nothing more than a social institution that produces interiority in individuals. As a result, sociology as discourse has dominated the intellectual scene in Japan ever since, eclipsing the possibility of sociology as literature, which focuses more on the romantic individual. However, I argue that an alternative possibility for sociology as literature can be found in a sociology of singularity, which grasps the concrete facticity of human activities in ordinary everyday life through reading their descriptions in works of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of young adult literature to teach secondary school students about the treatment of whiteness in literature through critical conversations. It addresses the use of social justice pedagogy in the classroom, as well as notes the lack of academic conversations about race in secondary education. It uses the lenses of critical literacy and critical race theory to interpret whiteness. Other topics explored include the relationship between characters of different races in literature, multiple representations of whiteness, and reflexivity.

The dominance of Vienna in almost all spheres of political and cultural life of the Second Republic has meant that the Austrian provinces have received correspondingly less attention in literary and scholarly works. Where such depictions of the provinces in post-1945 literature do exist they have been far from flattering, suggesting in particular a deliberate refusal by those who live beyond Vienna to engage with Austria's painful recent history. The tensions between Vienna and the provinces are discussed in this article, which seeks to show how historical, structural, administrative, and demographic factors have long been at play in creating the antagonism between the former Residenzstadt and non-metropolitan Austria. Current political concerns, especially relating to immigration issues, duplicate the experience of rapid migration trends in Vienna in the nineteenth century and raise the question of how in the twenty-first century the relationship between the Austrian provinces and Vienna, especially in literary and political responses, will draw on those earlier experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation has long been a part of anthropology, and recently analysts have focused on the politics, poetics, and ethics of translations that account for much of the global flow of discourses. This literature can be thought of as histories of how translators forge denotational links between source and target texts and how communities engage with the texts that result. Here, however, I want to highlight a different mode of translation in which connections between source and target texts become models of transformation for communities that engage with them. Moreover, participants can actually enact transformations in ritual moments that foreground the relationships between translated texts. I focus on Guhu-Samane Christian communities of Papua New Guinea who use performances of the local-language translation of the New Testament to comment on the kind of Christian transformations they have experienced. This perspective offers a particularly compelling way to investigate Christian models of temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses contemporary Russian literature and the concept of documentary defined by literary theory and autonomous cultural practice. How literature and culture interact and documentariness is recognized in literary texts is discussed. The semantics and motives that support the literature-culture interaction are also discussed. Literary works surveyed include the books "The Diary of Luisa Lozhkina" by Katia Metelitsa, "Doro" by Vera Khlebnikova, and "Maiden's Hair" by Mikhail Shishkin. The communicative effect of historical literature is discussed.

The article offers the author's insights on the potential of the concept of social network to represent possible directions for interactionist research. The author expands the meaning of network in the context of symbolic interactionist tradition in the contemporary and classical literature. The author notes that the objective of social network analysis (SNA) is to measure the impacts of the trend of relationships on individual behavior and to validate the variation of network configurations.

The article presents the author's insights on Simon Gray's vision of Halifax, Nova Scotia as a writer and his life in Dalhousie University. The author notes that Gray views Halifax as a home away from his homeland England, as a Canadian version of an artificial England called Raj, and as an Athenian agora. The author also discusses Gray's novel "Colmain," which represents the social life in Halifax and Gray's satires and point of views as a writer.

The effects of a 2-semester college-level humanities course were examined in a group of economically and educationally disadvantaged individuals in Portland, OR, and a group of incarcerated males at a medium-security prison in Pendleton, OR. Student responses on a pre- and post-course survey were compared. Within-group comparisons indicated that Portland students displayed significant improvement in participation in volunteer organizations, enrollment in college classes, life satisfaction, verbal ability, and analysis of the major course themes. Inmates improved on desire to participate in community organizations, vote in elections, critical thinking, life satisfaction, and applying major course themes. These results demonstrate that the power of literary classics brings about a wide range of positive changes in individuals from low-income communities and prison settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the theme of tolerance depicted in two books "The Funeral Party" and "Daniel Stein, Interpreter," by Liudmila Ulitskaia, based on the history of Russia in the twentieth century. It states that lives of books' hybrid characters with diverse ethnicities and belief systems, deliver the message of the need for tolerance to resolve social conflicts in Russian culture. Moreover, Ulitskaia's works have raised cultural and religious controversies and criticisms due to the alleged neglect to ethnic Russians and Orthodoxy.

Recent anthropological and other literature tends to assume that the uses of heritage in modern societies lead to the falsification, petrification, desubstantiation, and enclosure of the things and practices so designated. Yet two traditions of Japan's ancient capital Kyoto—the historic town houses (kyô-machiya) that have found a new appreciation since the 1990s and the Gion matsuri, one of the most famous festivals of the nation—contradict these assumptions. Their well-documented histories are not widely distorted; they are not forever fixed but allowed to evolve; they are valued not only for their traditionality but also for other, substantive qualities; and their appreciation is not dominated by a concern for social boundaries. This is influenced by the urban, relatively sophisticated and cosmopolitan background of both traditions, as it is in parallel cases elsewhere. Greater attention to the perspectives of their carriers, however, will very likely show that the social uses of other traditions too are more complex than the standard assumptions lead one to believe. [ Japan, cultural heritage, invention of tradition, vernacular architecture, festivals, urban anthropology] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature explaining deviance, criminality, or violence offers a broad spectrum of approaches in criminology and sociology. Mostly the theories focus on specific levels of explanation like the macrolevel (for example, strain theories) or the microlevel (for example, self-control theory). This article presents a relatively new theoretical approach combining different levels and focusing on three dimensions associated with specific kinds of recognition: social-structural, institutional, and socioemotional. The social-structural dimension refers to access to the functional systems of society and the accompanying recognition of position, status, and so on. The institutional dimension concentrates on the opportunity to participate in public affairs with the aim of getting moral recognition. The socioemotional dimension emphasizes the quantity and quality of integration in and social support from families, friends, partners, and so on, which provide emotional recognition. The underlying idea is that lack of access, participation, and belonging causes a lack of recognition. When this happens, social and individual problems increase. Thus, deviant and violent behavior can be seen as one potential reaction to a lack of recognition and as a way to gain status and recognition in a different manner (for example, with a delinquent peer group or other gang). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I provide an ethnographic exploration of some of the terms for imagining knowledge in today's “knowledge society,” and I attempt to situate the kind of “sociology of knowledge” behind this imagination. In particular, I am interested in the sociological imagination of knowledge in terms of a relational economy, in which knowledge flows uninterruptedly to create and shape what Yochai Benkler has dubbed “the wealth of networks.” I pursue this interest through an ethnography of the production of research among humanities scholars at Spain's National Research Council (CSIC). For CSIC's human scientists, books (and other bookish analogues, such as libraries or manuscript collections) occupy a place of prominence in the institutional production of research. This economy of scholarship (between books, between people and books, and between what books do and what institutions and researchers imagine them to do) finds itself at a “disproportionate” distance from the “network economy of information” encountered in the literature on the knowledge economy and promoted in certain circles within CSIC. I contrast the epistemological economies of CSIC scientists' relational and disproportional views on research and, ultimately, attempt to provide an anthropological description of a contemporary sociology of knowledge, including its analytical categories and models. [ knowledge, knowledge economy, relations, proportionality, labor, academia] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author Viviana Zelizer's response to various critiques which were done on his book "The Purchase of Intimacy. In her response she defends against criticisms and judgements which several students, including David Roelfs, Zheng Zhao, and Deidre Caputo-Levin, lodged against arguments and subject matter which were found in the book. A discussion of differences in sociological thought and theory which was seen in the author's writings and the students' beliefs is offered. She suggests that an author has to decide where a book will end and what it will and will not do and that a book that attempts to do everything ends up doing nothing at all.

Despite a growing literature on social support processes across the life-span, few studies have examined support perceptions in societies undergoing rapid social transition. This study reports data on age, support and mental health from 2,672 participants in four former Soviet nations. Results suggest a small but significant decline in overall support across age (r = -.12), with this slope significantly influenced by nationality and gender. Mental health also declines with age (r = -.15), with tangible support having the greatest mediational effect on the age-mental health relationship. These findings are discussed in the light of the continuing economic and social strains influencing the inhabitants of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the realm of the community has grown increasingly important in the contemporary political economy, the theoretical debates surrounding community have also grown in importance and volume. Too often this literature has been either celebratory or dismissive; either romanticizing the concept and thereby elevating it to primary rank as the focal point of societal initiatives, or objecting to its regulated limits and contradictions and thereby dismissing its importance and political utility. There are important contributions being made by both those who dismiss community and those who celebrate it. But for those interested in understanding the potential for emancipatory social change in the contemporary political economy of neoliberalism there are also severe limitations imposed by these perspectives. After critiquing these literatures and debates, we put forward an understanding of community that is neither dismissive nor celebratory, but instead argues that communities need to be understood as simultaneously products of both their larger, and largely external, contexts, and the practices, organizations and relations that take place within them. Thus, communities, because of their central place in capitalist political economies, can be vital arenas for social change. But they are also arenas that are constrained in their capacities to host such efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the sociological study of suicide via an exploration of the implications and application of literary texts in sociological analysis. The examination of two pairs of literary texts suggests that some cases of suicide can be self-affirming. When the characters find themselves in circumstances that threaten their perception of who they are in their social contexts, they may choose the possibility of death over life with a change in self-concept. The interpretation of the four selected narrative cases of self-affirmative suicide is nestled in complexities of self-identity: two from The Iliad by Homer, and one each from Andorra and I'm Not Stiller by Max Frisch. Relating the findings to Turner's theory of impulsive versus institutional loci of real self, the article argues that institutionally constituted characters are more likely than impulsive-selves to find self-killing an acceptable resolution to their crises of identity. The findings are discussed in relation to classic theory in the sociology of suicide, concepts of the real self, and the use of literature in social science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten years after the publication of Der Vorleser, this article argues that Schlink's work can only be fully understood when viewed in the commercial contexts that currently shape both German and global literatures. By undertaking a comparative analysis of Schlink's debut detective novel, Selbs Justiz (1987) and his international best-seller Der Vorleser (1995), the article explores the problematic tensions generated within these texts by the commercial demands of the literary market-place, and, in a specifically German context, the influence of ‘neue Lesbarkeit’. Special consideration is given to the dynamic between Schlink's works and the reader/consumer, with particular emphasis on the impact of the popular literary codes within the texts. These are explored in conjunction with the reception theory of Wolfgang Iser and Umberto Eco, and through the lens of over two hundred reader responses. The article breaks new ground through its comparative approach, which traces the continuities or ‘narrative patterns’ in Schlink's detective writing and Der Vorleser for the first time. It also offers the first exploration of ‘general’, non-academic reader responses to the works, allowing new insights into the texts’ operations and the tensions these create in relation to the novels’ treatment of the National Socialist past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an overview of the topics and issues in relation to the literature on cosmopolitanism of the 2006 issue of "The British Journal of Sociology."

The social novel ought not to be confused with didacticism in literature and ought not to be expected to provide prescriptions for the cure of social ills. Neither should it necessarily be viewed as ephemeral. After examining justifications of the social novel offered by William Dean Howells (in the 1880s) and Jonathan Franzen (in the 1990s), the author explores the way in which social novels alter perceptions and responses at levels of sensibility that are not usually susceptible to rational argument, push back moral horizons, contribute to the creation of social conscience, and expose the complexity and contextuality of moral discernment. As a concrete example, Howells's 1889 novel A Hazard of New Fortunes is analyzed (and defended against its detractors) in terms of its sophisticated treatment of the dilemmas that arise from a recognition of personal complicity in structural sin, its disclosure of the context-indexed evolution of values, and its attention to the importance and fragility of social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter reviews the literature related to the historical, philosophical, and contextual issues that frame why adult education sits at the margins of the academy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues that several events and literary works published in 1633 are linked by their concern with questions of what it meant to be English, Scottish, Irish or Anglo-Irish, with the occasion of Charles I's Scottish coronation. 'A View of the Present State of Ireland,' by Spenser; 'The King's Entertainment at Welbeck,' by Ben Johnson; 'Pacata Hibernica,' by Thomas Stafford; 'History of Ireland,' by Geoffrey Keating.

Explores the archives of Russian literature concerning Soviet subjectivity. Social relevance of the literature; Significance of Soviet subjectivity to literary studies and textual analysis; Distinction between literature and history; Depiction of characters in literary works.

Focuses on Newbery Medal books which portray ethnic characters and their potential use in effective multicultural education. Children's literature as assistance to the development and extension of issues relevant to living in a multicultural society; Identification and analysis of ethnic or racial groups characterized in Newbery Medal books.

Presents information on religious literature in respect to Islamic religion and the literary activities of South Asia. Details the categorizing of literature; Views of anthologists; Reference to the importance of language in relation to religious literature; Examination of the regional languages of South Asia; Suggestions from `The Book of Memory,' by Mary Carruthers.

The convergence and polarization hypothesis is tested using the standard English vocabulary score in the General Social Survey. Blacks scored significantly lower than whites, and this finding is consistent over the test period, and holds within similar educational, financial status and social class groupings. The hypothesis is not supported with General Social Survey data. Conditions maintaining nonstandard language usage apply to blacks in America, and sociolinguistic measures could be used to supplement the assessment of divisiveness of race in survey data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors' discussion of the theoretical issues implied in interdisciplinary studies of sociology and literature is based on their analyses of selected works of sociology, literary theory, and cultural criticism produced during the past twenty years. Attempts to integrate the areas of sociology and literature have resulted in three general approaches: sociology through literature, the sociology of literature, and the study of sociology and literature based on their common dependence on language. The authors analyze the theoretical issues and assumptions that underlie each of these approaches in order to suggest a way to study sociology and literature which retains the richness and complexity of both disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study begins by viewing Georg Simmel's sociology as the focal point of controversy. That is, it begins with an interest in the historic dialogue between Simmel and the academic community. Through an explication of critics' complaints against Simmel's work, and through an analysis of Simmel's own essay, ‘The Secret Society,’ this investigation succeeds in uncovering in Simmel's writing a significant, alternative form of sociological life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Black Stallion series of books by Walter Farley. Farley's 21 books about the Black Stallion and other horses explore the zone between subversion of normalcy and acceptance of order. Farley amalgamated fantastic and information material to an unusual degree. He found it unnecessary to reject either the machinery of civilization or the energy of the garden, creating instead a melting pot perspective that partakes of both escapism and realism. Born in 1920, Farley made Black Stallion novels and related books his life's works. He began writing horse stories as a teenager, polished the draft of the first novel, The Black Stallion, in the late 1930s, and completed the 21st book, The Young Black Stallion, shortly before his death in 1989. From the first book, mediation is built into the Farley formula, which weaves ingredients of boys' action adventure, Westerns, and supernatural tales with realistic animal stories and self-help literature. As the Black Stallion series progresses, the necessary co-existence of orderly values and disorderly impulses is developed further. Farley illustrates a dynamic tension between discipline and freedom and implies that both elements, rather than choice, are the ideal.

Discusses the significance of progressive fiction in bringing about constitutional reform. Emphasis on the need for increased awareness to the problems of modern industrial society by American writers; Information about the works of a few progressive writers; Role of Loius D. Brandeis, a reform-minded Boston attorney on relegating power to Oregon in matter of regulation of the working hours of laundresses, in the US Supreme Court case of Muller v. Oregon.

This article describes "schools for community activists" held in Israel since 1980 and briefly summarizes a study of 1,070 graduates of these courses. The alms, structure, content, and organization of the courses are described and placed within the context of the limited professional literature on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the legitimisation of narrative thinking within culture. Topics include a comparison between narrative thinking versus literary thinking and legal thinking, the effect of technological innovations on the relationship of the writer with the reader and his fiction, technology's effect on literary culture. Also discussed is the use of computers for writing.

Presents the views of Nobel Laureates Joseph Brodsky, Wole Soyinka, Kenzaburo Oe, Czeslaw Milosz, Toni Morrison and Derek Walcott on the significance of literature and mass media to society. Need for literature to address terror and articulation; Sacramental literature; Mass media. INSET: Brodsky on the Western canon, by Joseph Brodsky..

This paper analyzes a characteristic syndrome of modern literature identified as "anxiety of influence" by literary critics and as "mania for originality" by art historians. Based on a sociological reformulation of the syndrome as it relates to the structure of acknowledged influence, the paper develops and tests several hypotheses. Data are based on a survey of West German writers and are analyzed by using clustering techniques and correspondence analysis. First, the analysis demonstrates the fragmented and non-hierarchical structure of acknowledged literaty influence. Second, the different types of influence (absence distinctiveness, and clusterability) correspond to different professional and literary characteristics of writers. Results highlight one of the contradictions between the cultural code and the professional structure of modem an: at the level of ideology, greatness and genius are equated with the absence of influence and artistic uniqueness. The analysis shows, however, that the denial/absence of acknowledged influence is found among writers who are excluded from the professional networks where reputations are made in the world of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concentrates on the question of social and psychological separation of the academic and intellectual in American society. First, it is apparent that the findings lend support to the view that academics function marginally to the main social structural framework of society, especially self-defined intellectuals. Protestant self-defined intellectuals were equally as marginal as Jews, though more of the latter identified themselves as intellectuals. Respondents were not part and parcel of their community's group life, informal or formal. They by passed the cliques, clubs, and organizations of the core society. Secondly, the academic seems to be separated in an attitudinal sense: a majority of respondents indicated perceiving a serious amount of anti-intellectualism and felt that they held minority views on salient issues. Yet, the academics did not appear to experience status and power deprivations, which one might expect as a corollary of social and psychological marginality. In sum, on certain dimensions the social structural of most of these academics seems to be one of separation: namely, the social structural and attitudinal, or social psychological. The empirical literature, although in short supply, suggests that the academic is socially isolated from the larger society and experiences attitudinal alienation. Interviews with sixty-one college and university professors tended to confirm the said view, but particularly so among those respondents who identified themselves as intellectuals.

This article explains the use of the word spider in the literary works of famous author John Milton. According to the author, Milton uses the term spider to represent as an intrepid interpreter of the laws and religion in England. However, experts admitted that the term spider was used only once in Milton's literary works.

This article discusses the use of the word stork in the literary works of famous author John Milton. According to the author, Milton considers the qualities associated with storks and eagles in his literary works as well as republicanism and magnanimity. In addition, Milton also emphasizes the political nature of stork which makes republican association.

This article discusses the use of the word swan in the literary works of famous author John Milton. In Milton's "Of Reformation," the swan which is referred as socio-cultural marker replaces the swan as literary allusion in the works of Milton. In "A Brief History of Moscovia," Milton also considered swans in the lavish entertainment provided for English guests at the Russian court.

The article discusses the intergenerational aspects of literacy, particularly noting the social aspects of literature and the transfer of literacy. It comments on poetry written by a member of a senior writing group, provides recommendations for educators interested in intergenerational projects, and explores personal reflections on intergenerational literacy and relations. It addresses the social benefits for both elders and children who participate in an intergenerational literacy project within a community setting.

Literature on the counseling needs of special populations typically has focused on the inadequate treatment those populations receive. Counselor education programs have responded by developing courses that target specific populations such as women, minorities, or disabled people. There are serious drawbacks, however, to this proliferation of specialized courses. In this article the authors discuss those drawbacks and argue that counselor education programs should include an integrated course that facilitates student self-awareness in conjunction with practical experience with a variety of clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses key issues concerning the new genre of post-national literature and its role in connecting still-closed societies with open societies and fostering a shared understanding between them. Post-national literature is indicative of social changes marked by globalization and a new era without national boundaries.