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This article examines the role of CD147, a protein found on certain immune cells, in the development and recurrence of psoriasis. The study discovered that high levels of CD147 on CD4+ T cells were associated with the effectiveness of IL-17A inhibitor treatment and the likelihood of psoriasis returning. The researchers developed two models that accurately predicted treatment outcomes and long-term effectiveness based on CD147 levels. Additionally, the study found that a lack of CD147 on CD4+ T cells worsened psoriasis and increased the chances of it coming back. These findings provide valuable insights into the causes of psoriasis and could inform personalized treatment approaches. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the flexural and cracking behavior of corroded reinforced concrete continuous beams with 11‐month wet–dry cycles strengthened by anodic polarized carbon‐fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix (C‐FRCM) plates. The failure modes and flexural bearing capacities were discussed. The influences of the layer of carbon fabric mesh and complete carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping as end anchorage on the strengthening effectiveness were explored. The complete crack development patterns were captured by a digital image correlation system, and the results showed that the C‐FRCM system can provide satisfactory crack width control, as proved by the reduced crack spacing and the maximum crack width. The flexural capacities of the strengthened beams were effectively enhanced and the debonding failure can be eliminated through complete CFRP wrappings. Moreover, the design recommendations were proposed based on the estimation of the crack development as per related design guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regimens based on Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have been increasingly used to treat mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). A real‐world multicenter study was conducted to characterize treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed MCL by Chinese Hematologist and Oncologist Innovation Cooperation of the Excellent (CHOICE). The final analysis included 1261 patients. Immunochemotherapy was the most common first‐line treatment, including R‐CHOP in 34%, cytarabine‐containing regimens in 21% and BR in 3% of the patients. Eleven percent (n = 145) of the patients received BTKi‐based frontline therapy. Seventeen percent of the patients received maintenance rituximab. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) was conducted in 12% of the younger (<65 years) patients. In younger patients, propensity score matching analysis did not show significant difference in 2‐year progression‐free survival and 5‐year overall survival rate in patients receiving standard high‐dose immunochemotherapy followed by AHCT than induction therapy with BTKi‐based regimens without subsequent AHCT (72% vs 70%, P =.476 and 91% vs 84%, P =.255). In older patients, BTKi combined with bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) was associated with the lowest POD24 rate (17%) compared with BR and other BTKi‐containing regimens. In patients with resolved hepatitis B at the baseline, HBV reactivation rate was 2.3% vs 5.3% in those receiving anti‐HBV prophylaxis vs not; BTKi treatment was not associated with higher risk of HBV reactivation. In conclusion, non‐HD‐AraC chemotherapy combined with BTKi may be a viable therapeutic strategy for younger patients. Anti‐HBV prophylaxis should be implemented in patients with resolved hepatitis B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although abnormal metabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the details are unclear. Objectives: Here, we identified to explore the role and mechanism of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Methods: The level of LPC in plasma and skin lesions and the expression of G2A on skin lesions of psoriasis patients were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, or immunohistochemistry, respectively. The glycolysis in the skin lesions of imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse model was detected by extracellular acidification rate. LPC was subcutaneously injected into IMQ‐treated mouse ears, and the phenotype as well as the glycolysis were evaluated. Exploring the effects and mechanism of LPC on keratinocytes and CD4+ T cells by culturing primary keratinocytes and CD4+ T in vitro. Results: We found that LPC was significantly increased both in the plasma and skin lesions of psoriatic patients, while G2A, exerting an essential role in LPC‐inducing biological functions, was increased in psoriatic lesions. The abundance of LPC was positively correlated with glycolytic activity in the psoriasis‐like mouse model. LPC treatment facilitated psoriasis‐like inflammation and glycolytic activity in skin lesions. Mechanistically, the LPC/G2A axis significantly triggered glycolytic activity and produced inflammatory factors in keratinocytes, and blockade of glycolysis abrogated LPC‐induced expression of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes. LPC activated STAT1, resulting in recognition and binding to the promoters of GCK and PKLR, which are glycolytic rate‐limiting enzymes. Furthermore, the LPC/G2A axis directly benefited Th1 differentiation, which was dependent on LPC‐induced glycolytic activity. Notably, LPC indirectly facilitated Th17 differentiation by inducing the secretion of IL‐1β in keratinocytes‐T cells coculture system. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings revealed the role of the LPC/G2A axis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis; targeting LPC/G2A is a potential strategy for psoriasis therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive use of thermal energy in daily life is ideal for reducing carbon emissions to achieve carbon neutrality; however, the effective collection of thermal energy is a major hurdle. Thermoelectric (TE) conversion technology based on the Seebeck effect and thermal energy storage technology based on phase change materials (PCMs) represent smart, feasible, and research‐worthy approaches to overcome this hurdle. However, the integration of multiple thermal energy sources freely existing in the environment for storage and output of thermal and electrical energy simultaneously still remains a huge challenge. Herein, three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructured metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are in situ nucleated and grown onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via coordination bonding. After calcination, the prepared core–shell structural CNTs@MOFs are transformed into tightened 1D/3D carbon heterostructure loading Co nanoparticles for efficient solar–thermoelectric energy harvesting. Surprisingly, the corresponding composite PCMs show a record‐breaking solar–thermal conversion efficiency of 98.1% due to the tightened carbon heterostructure and the local surface plasmon resonance effect of Co nanoparticles. Moreover, our designed all‐in‐one composite PCMs are also capable of creating an electrical potential of 0.5 mV based on the Seebeck effect without a TE generator. This promising approach can store thermal and electrical energy simultaneously, providing a new direction in the design of advanced all‐in‐one multifunctional PCMs for thermal energy storage and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemia/hypoxia (I/H)‐induced myocardial injury has a large burden worldwide. Hesperetin (HSP) has a cardioprotective effect, but the molecular mechanism underlying this is not clearly established. Here, we focused on the protective mechanisms of HSP against I/H‐induced myocardium injury. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were challenged with CoCl2 for 22 h to imitate hypoxia after treatment groups received HSP for 4 h. The viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes was evaluated, and cardiac function indices, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured. L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa‐L), myocardial contraction, and Ca2+ transients in isolated ventricular myocytes were also recorded. We found that HSP significantly increased the cell viability, and MMP while significantly decreasing cardiac impairment, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and [Ca2+]i caused by CoCl2. Furthermore, HSP markedly attenuated ICa‐L, myocardial contraction, and Ca2+ transients in a concentration‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest a protective mechanism of HSP on I/H‐induced myocardium injury by restoring oxidative balance, inhibiting apoptosis, improving mitochondrial function, and reducing Ca2+ influx via L‐type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs). These data provide a new direction for HSP applied research as a LTCC inhibitor against I/H‐induced myocardium injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ibrutinib has revolutionized the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Both ibrutinib monotherapy and ibrutinib‐based combination therapy are important salvage options for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL. The real‐world efficacy and safety profile of the two strategies in Chinese patients with R/R MCL remain unclarified. Methods: In the present study, data of 121 R/R MCL patients who received either ibrutinib monotherapy (N = 68) or ibrutinib combination therapy (N = 53) in 13 medical centers in China were retrospectively reviewed. Results: With a median follow‐up of 20.5 months, the overall response rate was 60.3% versus 84.9% (p = 0.003), complete remission rate was 16.2% versus 43.4% (p < 0.001), and median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 18.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1–21.8) vs. 30.8 months (95% CI, 23.5‐NR) (hazard ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.30–0.93]; p = 0.025), with ibrutinib monotherapy and ibrutinib‐based combination therapy, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with male gender, no refractory disease, Ki67 <30%, previous line of therapy = 1, non‐blastoid subtype, and the number of extranodal sites involved <2 might benefits more from the combination therapy. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were similar, except for a higher incidence of all grade neutropenia in the ibrutinib combination group (12.7% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.017). Conclusions: Ibrutinib combination therapy demonstrated potentially superior efficacy and comparable tolerability to ibrutinib monotherapy. Ibrutinib‐based combination therapy could be one of the prominent treatment options for R/R MCL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Floral and sweet odors are two typical characteristic aromas of Congou black tea, but their aroma‐active compounds are still unclear. Characterizing the key aroma‐active compounds can provide a theoretical foundation for the practical aroma quality evaluation of Congou black tea and directional processing technology of high‐quality black tea with floral or sweet odors. Gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) combined with odor activity value (OAV) is often used to screen key aroma‐active substances, but the interaction between aroma components and their impact on the overall sensory quality is ignored. Therefore, in this study, OAV combined with variable importance in projection (VIP) and Spearman correlation analysis (SCA) were used to characterize the aroma‐active components of Congou black teas with floral and sweet odors. RESULTS: Eighty‐five volatiles were identified in these samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Twenty‐three compounds were identified as potential markers for the floral and sweet odors of Congou black teas from orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). Eighteen compounds were selected as candidate aroma compounds based on GC‐O analysis and OAV calculations. In addition, 26 compounds were screened as crucial aroma compounds based on SCA. Finally, 19 compounds were evaluated as key aroma compounds by the comprehensive evaluation of VIP, OAV, and SCA. Terpenoids are the main active compounds that contribute to the floral odor of Congou black tea, whereas aldehydes are the key compounds for the sweet odor. CONCLUSION: The proposed method can effectively screen the aroma‐active compounds and can be used for comprehensive quality control of products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TEMPO‐oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (ONFC) with charged carboxyl groups is introduced for the efficient exfoliation of two‐dimensional (2D) MoS2/graphene composites. As an effective dispersant agent, ONFC can be easily absorbed between the adjacent layers, so as to prevent the accumulation of the exfoliated nanosheets. With the assistance of charged ONFC, the exfoliated MoS2/graphene is gradually increased in the aqueous dispersions with the elongated sonication time. After dewatering, self‐standing MoS2/Graphene/ONFC/CNTs composite films are rationally constructed using ONFC as flexible fibrous skeleton, and CNTs/graphene as 1D/2D interpenetrating electrical networks. Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets anchored on the 1D/2D heterogeneous networks is directly acted as an ideal paper‐anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) without using traditional metallic current collector. The self‐standing flexible electrode materials based on natural cellulose will promote the future green electronics with high flexibility, miniaturization, and increased portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

10‐Gingerol (10‐Gin), an active ingredient extracted from ginger, has been reported to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. However, 10‐Gin has not been proved to offer protection against cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of 10‐Gin against H/R‐induced injury and its potential mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. A H/R injury model of H9c2 cardiomyocytes was established using 600 μmol/L CoCl2 to induce hypoxia in the cells for 24 hr and then reoxygenated for 3 hr. 10‐Gin was pretreated with H9c2 cardiomyocytes for 24 hr to assess its cardiomyocyte protection. Our results showed that 10‐Gin improved the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes in the H/R model and decreased the activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. By intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) fluorescence, we found that 10‐Gin could significantly reduce the [Ca2+]i concentration. 10‐Gin administration increased the activities of antioxidase and reduced malondialdehyde content and inflammatory cytokine levels. 10‐Gin also reduced the apoptosis levels. Importantly, 10‐Gin administration decreased the gene and protein expressions of Wnt5a and Frizzled‐2. In conclusion, 10‐Gin alleviates H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte injury, which is associated with the antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, antiapoptosis action, and reduction of [Ca2+]i overload by suppressing the Wnt5a/Frizzled‐2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has infected 10 millions of people across the globe, and massive mutations in virus genome have occurred during the rapid spread of this novel coronavirus. Variance in protein sequence might lead to a change in protein structure and interaction, then further affect the viral physiological characteristics, which could bring tremendous influence on the pandemic. In this study, we investigated 20 nonsynonymous mutations in the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome in which incidence rates were all ≥ 1% as of September 1st, 2020, and then modeled and analyzed the mutant protein structures. The results showed that four types of mutations caused dramatic changes in protein structures (RMSD ≥ 5.0 Å), which were Q57H and G251V in open‐reading frames 3a (ORF3a), S194L, and R203K/G204R in nucleocapsid (N). Next, we found that these mutations also affected the binding affinity of intraviral protein interactions. In addition, the hot spots within these docking mutant complexes were altered, among which the mutation Q57H was involved in both Orf3a–S and Orf3a–Orf8 protein interactions. Besides, these mutations were widely distributed all over the world, and their occurrences fluctuated as time went on. Notably, the incidences of R203K/G204R in N and Q57H in Orf3a were both over 50% in some countries. Overall, our findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations could change viral protein structure, binding affinity, and hot spots of the interface, thereby might have impacts on SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional distance regularized level set evolution method has been very popular in image segmentation, but usually it cannot converge to the desired boundary when there are multiple and unwanted boundaries in the image. By observation, the gradient direction between the target boundaries and the unwanted boundaries are usually different in one image. The gradient direction information of the boundaries can guide the orientation of the level set function evolution. In this study, the authors improved the conventional distance regularized level set evolution method, introduced new edge indicator functions and proposed an oriented distance regularized level set evolution method for image segmentation. The experiment results show the proposed method has a better segmentation result in images with multiple boundaries. Moreover, alternately selecting the edge indicator functions we proposed during the level set evolution can lead the zero level set contour to converge to the desired boundaries in complicated images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a class of heterogeneous diseases with variable clinical outcomes. Immunosuppression is particularly common in the subtypes of lymphoma with poor prognosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using a RT‐PCR array analysis, we have identified that glycosyltransferase 1 domain‐containing 1 (GLT1D1), an enzyme that transfers glycosyl groups to proteins, is highly upregulated in the incurable subtype of B‐cell NHL and in early relapse diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Analysis of clinical specimens revealed that GLT1D1 expression was positively correlated with the level of glycosylated programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in B‐cell NHL and that high GLT1D1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, we showed that GLT1D1 transferred N‐linked glycans to PD‐L1, thus promoting the immunosuppressive function of glycosylated PD‐L1. Downregulation of GLT1D1 resulted in a decrease of glycosylated PD‐L1 and enhanced cytotoxic T‐cell function against lymphoma cells. In vivo, overexpression of GLT1D1 promoted tumor growth by facilitating tumor immune escape through increased levels of PD‐L1. Our work has identified GLT1D1 as a predictive biomarker for B‐cell NHL. It has also shown that this enzyme enhances PD‐L1 stabilization via N‐glycosylation, thus promoting immunosuppression and tumor growth. As such, GLT1D1 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of B‐NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between family management and asthma control in children with asthma. Design and Methods: This cross‐sectional descriptive study recruited 142 children with asthma and their parents. We used the Family Management Measure (FaMM), the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ACT), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) detectors to assess family management and asthma control. The McNemar's test was used to determine the proportional difference between C‐ACT and FeNO in evaluating asthma control. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between family management and asthma control in children with asthma. Results: There was no significant difference in the proportion of C‐ACT and FeNO in evaluating asthma control (McNemar's test p =.593). Child's Daily Life, Condition Management Ability, and Parental Mutuality were positively correlated with C‐ACT (r = 0.398 to 0.655; all p <.05) and negatively correlated with FeNO (r = −0.245 to −0.402; all p <.05); Condition Management Effort, Family Life Difficulty, and View of Condition Impact were negatively correlated with C‐ACT (r = −0.416 to −0.672; all p <.05) and positively with FeNO (r = 0.248 to 0.427; all p < 0.05). Child's Daily Life, Condition Management Effort, and View of Condition Impact dimensions significantly predicted the C‐ACT results, and the Condition Management Effort and View of Condition Impact dimensions significantly predicted the FeNO results (p <.05). Practical Implications: Pediatric nurses could provide family management education for parents to improve asthma control in children. In addition, pediatric nurses might assess asthma control condition of asthmatic children in combination with C‐ACT and FeNO levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of high‐dose methotrexate plus temozolomide (MT regimen) and rituximab plus MT (RMT regimen) in patients with untreated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). A total of 62 patients with untreated PCNSL were enrolled between January 2005 and December 2015, with the median age of 53.5 years (range 29‐77).In this study, 32 patients received RMT as induction therapy, and 30 received MT. Objective responses were noted in 93.7% of the patients in the RMT group and in 69.0% of the patients in the MT group (P = 0.018), while complete responses were noted in 53.2% of the patients in the RMT group and 27.6% of the patients in the MT group (P < 0.001). The 2‐ and 5‐year PFS rates were 81.3% and 53.3%, respectively, for the RMT group and 46.5% and 29.1%, respectively, for the MT group (P = 0.019). The 2‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 82.3% and 82.3%, respectively, for the RMT group and 65.7% and 50.0%, respectively, for the MT group (P = 0.015). Multivariate analyses showed that therapeutic regimen (RMT vs MT) was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Our encouraging results suggest that the RMT regimen may be a feasible and safe therapeutic approach for first‐line treatment of PCNSL. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of high‐dose methotrexate plus temozolomide (MT regimen) and of rituximab plus MT (RMT regimen) in untreated PCNSL. Our encouraging results suggest that the RMT regimen might be a feasible and safe therapeutic approach in the first‐line treatment of PCNSL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message We present the orthodontic treatment of a 20-year-old Chinese man with the moderate skeletal Class III malocclusion. The usages of the temporary anchorage devices and the surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion ( SARPE) have provided a variety of options for the treatment of Class III malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programmed cell death ligand 1 ( PD-L1) is a negative regulator of the immune response that enables tumor cells to escape T-cell immunity. Although PD-L1 expression in cancer cells has been extensively studied, the expression of PD-L1 in stromal cells and its clinical significance remain largely unknown. Here, we show that bone marrow stromal cells express a low level of PD-L1 and that this molecule is significantly upregulated by key drugs used in the treatment of lymphoma at clinically relevant concentrations. Mechanistically, chemotherapeutic drugs induce PD-L1 expression in stromal cells through upregulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway. Suppression of ERK by a chemical inhibitor or genetic silencing of ERK2 expression prevents drug-induced PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression is upregulated in the bone marrow stromal cells of mice treated with doxorubicin and in drug-treated bone marrow specimens from lymphoma patients. Drug-induced PD-L1 expression in stromal cells can cause significant impairment of T-cell functions. Overall, our study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism by which chemotherapy induces tumor immune evasion by upregulation of PD-L1 in bone marrow stromal cells, and provides new evidence for the combination of chemotherapy and anti- PD-L1/ PD-1 as an effective strategy for treatment of lymphoma and other cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a perennial forage crop broadly distributed in eastern Eurasia, sheepgrass ( Leymus chinensis ( Trin.) Tzvel) is highly tolerant to low-temperature stress. Previous report indicates that sheepgrass is able to endure as low as −47.5 °C,allowing it to survive through the cold winter season. However, due to the lack of sufficient studies, the underlying mechanism towards the extraordinary low-temperature tolerance is unclear. Although the transcription profiling has provided insight into the transcriptome response to cold stress, more detailed studies are required to dissect the molecular mechanism regarding the excellent abiotic stress tolerance. In this work, we report a novel transcript factor Lc FIN1 ( L. chinensis freezing-induced 1) from sheepgrass. Lc FIN1 showed no homology with other known genes and was rapidly and highly induced by cold stress, suggesting that Lc FIN1 participates in the early response to cold stress. Consistently, ectopic expression of Lc FIN1 significantly increased cold stress tolerance in the transgenic plants, as indicated by the higher survival rate, fresh weight and other stress-related indexes after a freezing treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that numerous stress-related genes were differentially expressed in Lc FIN1-overexpressing plants, suggesting that Lc FIN1 may enhance plant abiotic stress tolerance by transcriptional regulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and CHIP- qPCR showed that Lc CBF1 can bind to the CRT/ DRE cis-element located in the promoter region of Lc FIN1, suggesting that Lc FIN1 is directly regulated by Lc CBF1. Taken together, our results suggest that Lc FIN1 positively regulates plant adaptation response to cold stress and is a promising candidate gene to improve crop cold tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Relayed Regioselective Alkynylation/Olefination of Unsymmetrical Cyclic Diaryliodonium Species Catalyzed by Cu and Pd: Affording Fluorescent Cytotoxic Benzoxazoles" by Daqian Zhu, Panpan Liu, and colleagues is presented.