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Human nasal mucosa is susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and serves as a reservoir for viral replication before spreading to other organs (e.g. the lung and brain) and transmission to other individuals. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common respiratory tract disease and there is evidence suggesting that susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection differs between the two known subtypes, eosinophilic CRS and non‐ECRS (NECRS). However, the mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the human nasal mucosa and its association with CRS has not been experimentally validated. In this study, we investigated whether the human nasal mucosa is susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and how different endotypes of CRS impact on viral infection and progression. Primary human nasal mucosa tissue culture revealed highly efficient SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection and production, with particularly high susceptibility in the NECRS group. The gene expression differences suggested that human nasal mucosa is highly susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, presumably due to an increase in ACE2‐expressing cells and a deficiency in antiviral immune response, especially for NECRS. Importantly, patients with NECRS may be at a particularly high risk of viral infection and transmission, and therefore, close monitoring should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Inorganic/organic composite coagulants have drawn a wide attention through the years owing to its superior coagulation behaviors. In this study, polyaluminum chloride (PAC)/polyacrylamide (PAM) composite coagulant was synthesized by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation by using PAC and acrylamide (AM) as raw materials, urea as a solubilizer, and 2,2′-Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride (VA-044) as an initiator. The effect of total monomer mass fraction, solubilizer dosage and initiator dosage on the viscosity and molecular weight of PAC/PAM composite coagulant was discussed. The results suggest that the composite coagulant with high polymerization degree, intrinsic viscosity of 1483 mL/g and molecular weight of 7.38 million, could be obtained when the total monomer mass fraction of 40%, urea dosage of 1.5% and initiator dosage of 0.6% are chosen in the preparation. It is a potential preparation method of composite coagulant with short preparation time and high preparation efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectrum and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy represent that the coagulant for polyaluminum chloride and polypropylene are copolymer. Thermal gravimetric analysis describes the high thermal stability of composite coagulant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44500. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]