Search

The main objective of this qualitative and quantitative research paper is to explore the occurrences and relations of the anima, animus and androgynous in dreams, with particular emphasis on the consideration of the androgynous in the human psyche. The sample consists of 9 series of dreams (141 dreams in total), from 9 dreamers, 7 women (female sex/gender) and 2 men (male sex/gender), aged 25–57, heterosexual, undergoing Jungian psychotherapy, and presenting couple‐related themes. Statistical results and qualitative analysis offer new input for the re‐vision of the classical anima‐animus model, and the addition of in‐depth explorations into the androgynous, paving the way for a new model of psychopathology and psychotherapeutic clinical work, in transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female high and low self-monitors were interviewed by a female experimenter who adopted either an androgynous or a feminine guise. An analysis of responses scored for femininity yielded a significant interaction between self-monitoring and interviewer guise which, when subjected to further analysis, revealed a significant simple effect for high self-monitors but not for low self-monitors. High self-monitors scored significantly higher on femininity when with the feminine guise interviewer, but lower when with the androgynous guise interviewer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of gender attributes, masculinity and femininity, has comprised a major research program in twentieth-century psychology. Historical examination reveals that this research program has produced not cumulative discovery but a pattern of repetition and reification. Researchers have repeatedly attempted to ensure the reality of masculinity and femininity, and have even introduced methodological techniques that privilege their observational statements on that reality. Similar patterns have occurred in the case of androgyny research, despite expectations that the androgyny construct would remedy the shortcomings of masculinity and femininity concepts. When analyzed in historical context, these gender concepts are found to share ethnopsychological origins-roots in social practices and prescriptions. Contextual analysis also provides telling details about researchers normative interests. If we choose to terminate such fruitless ventures and to generate novel understandings of the social world, then we must undertake critical self-appraisal and adopt a new metatheoretical grounding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of the present investigation are to examine theoretical issues in androgyny theory by testing the effect of participation in the Outward Bound program on measures of masculinity (M) and femininity (F) Bipolar conceptualizations of MF posit that an increase in either M or F must lead to a decrease in the other, whereas androgyny theory posits M and F to be independent constructs Consistent with a priori predictions based on the nature of the Outward Bound program, participation substantially enhanced M and had a small positive effect on F The results were reasonably consistent for male and female participants, for single-sex and mixed-sex groups, and across responses to three different MF measures Results support the androgyny interpretation of MF and demonstrate the effectiveness of the Outward Bound program in changing MF The results contradict the bipolar perspective that an increase in M must be accompanied by a decrease in F [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites two studies which investigated personality adjustment differences in the Bem masculinity and feminity scales. The first study compared the adjustment values of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) Masculinity and Femininity scales and their individual items, using 40 mental health workers as judges. It was also determined that if differences in the adjustment ratings of the scales emerged, modified Masculinity and Femininity scales, matched for mental health value, will be developed. The relationships of vocational and personal adjustment variables to masculinity, femininity, androgyny and undifferentiatedness, as defined by the original and the modified scales, then were to be compared in a second study. When categorized by the original BSRI scales, the authors' masculine and androgynous samples produced healthier scores than their feminine and undifferentiated groups on a modest number of measures. These findings are similar to those reported in earlier research. However, when individuals with invalid Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories were deleted, the sizes of the observed differences decreased, perhaps because of relationships between the BSRI scales and social desirability.