5,396 results
Search Results
2. Domestic violence against women has increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A perspective paper about the need for change to current and future practice.
- Author
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Usher, Kim, Jackson, Debra, Fatema, Syadani Riyad, and Jones, Rikki
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MENTAL illness risk factors , *PSYCHIATRIC nursing , *CULTURE , *NURSING , *MINORITIES , *DOMESTIC violence , *VIOLENCE , *GENDER , *RISK assessment , *PSYCHOLOGY of women , *PSYCHIATRIC nurses , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *COVID-19 pandemic , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *EVIDENCE-based nursing - Abstract
The COVID‐19 outbreak led to widespread disruption and stress to people's lives. Concern about the escalation of domestic violence (DV) rates and related mental health issues soon emerged following the implementation of strategies aimed at curbing the spread of the virus. This perspective paper presents an overview of the issues, argues for greater recognition of the link between DV against women and serious emotional distress, and the need for greater awareness and knowledge about DV among mental health professionals. While we acknowledge that men also experience DV, their rates are much lower than for women and in this paper our focus is on women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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3. Rethinking 'need' for clinical support in transgender and gender non‐conforming children without clinical classification: Learning from 'the paper I almost wrote'.
- Author
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Horowicz, Edmund
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SOCIAL support , *HEALTH services accessibility , *SOCIAL stigma , *GENDER dysphoria , *GENDER identity , *GENDER nonconformity , *NEEDS assessment , *NEED (Psychology) , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *BIOETHICS , *CHILDREN - Abstract
There have been ongoing debates as to how, or even whether, we should clinically classify gender diversity in children through clinical classification manuals. So‐called 'depathologizing' is argued as being vital to address the stigma that these children are somehow disordered or sick. Yet one argument in favour of continued clinical classification for transgender and gender non‐conforming children is that it better facilitates access to specialist psychological support. I argue that whilst continued clinical classification offers a seemingly pragmatic solution to ensuring access, it does in fact obscure our understanding of the individual needs of these children. In this paper I address fundamental issues that aim to better our understanding of need and thus why a child may benefit from specialist support. I do so by critiquing a paper I nearly wrote, which argued for the ongoing continued classification of gender incongruence in children. Ultimately, I argue that specialist psychological support and care should be driven by the needs of the individual child, as determined by the child and those involved with their care. By bettering our understanding as to why specialist psychological support may be beneficial for some, we move past the focus of such specialist support being provided because of the child's gender diversity. Methodologically the paper may be unusual, in comparison to traditional normative counter‐argumentative bioethical position papers, but by presenting an argument for depathologization of gender diversity of children in this way there is also an alternative insight into the methods of bioethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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4. (Un)folding places with care: Migrant caregivers 'dwelling‐in‐folds'.
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PAPER arts , *CAREGIVERS , *HOUSEHOLD employees , *IMMIGRANTS , *HOUSEKEEPING , *MOTHERHOOD - Abstract
This paper is based on longitudinal ethnographic work among Bulgarian migrant women who work as live‐in caregivers and domestic workers in Italian households and explores the analytical potential of place and place making for transmigration literature by conceptualizing the co‐production of place with subjectivities. Such approach sensitizes to mundane practices of care and belonging, which actively create migratory lives of meaning. Drawing on Deleuze's concept of the fold as subjectivity and Clifford's notion of dwelling‐in‐travelling, I propose the term 'dwelling‐in‐folds' – and its mechanism 'folding place' – in order to make sense of temporary migrants' experience of place(s) that foregrounds their ability to connect and reconcile fractures and discontinuities, particularly when doing transnational motherhood. In doing so, the paper folds place empirically – showing how 'dwelling‐in‐folds' is achieved and unfolds place analytically – demonstrating the potential of this concept for sociology and transmigration studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. What are we reading? Hot Topics and Authorship in Ecology Literature Across Decades.
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Zettlemoyer, Meredith A., Cortijo‐Robles, Karina M., Srodes, Nicholas, and Johnson, Sarah E.
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AUTHORSHIP in literature ,WOMEN authors ,ECOLOGICAL systems theory ,WOMEN leaders ,GENDER identity ,BIOLOGICAL systems - Abstract
As the field of ecology evolves, analyses synthesizing trends in key topics addressed over the decades can provide historical context for the development of novel theories and methods, identify "hot topics" over time, and guide future research directions. Such syntheses in a field that aims to diversify can also help quantify efforts to increase representation and authorship by underrepresented groups in STEM. To identify hot topics in ecology, we analyzed key themes in the top‐cited ecology papers in three two‐decade timeframes spanning 1960–2019. We also analyzed authorship trends (gender identity and nationality) in the top‐cited papers. We documented a shift from descriptive studies in single biological systems in the 1960–1970, to more synthesis‐based papers and studies discussing human impacts on the environment in the 1980–1990, while the 2000s were dominated by novel quantitative and macroecological approaches. The top‐cited papers were overwhelmingly from the United States and Europe, highlighting the need to make studies from across the globe more visible and accessible in the ecological literature. Finally, we detected a trend for more papers led by women authors, but a decline in papers with women last authors, indicating a need to retain women in leadership positions. Overall, our hot topics analysis highlights the expanding breadth and quantitative nature of ecology, but illustrates barriers to diversity in the perspectives represented in the top‐cited papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease: current challenges and implications for clinical practice: Position paper of the Dementia and Cognitive Disorders Panel of the European Academy of Neurology.
- Author
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Ferretti, M. T., Martinkova, J., Biskup, E., Benke, T., Gialdini, G., Nedelska, Z., Rauen, K., Mantua, V., Religa, D., Hort, J., Santuccione Chadha, A., and Schmidt, R.
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GENDER , *ALZHEIMER'S disease , *COGNITION disorders , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *CEREBRAL atrophy - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by high heterogeneity in disease manifestation, progression and risk factors. High phenotypic variability is currently regarded as one of the largest hurdles in early diagnosis and in the design of clinical trials; there is therefore great interest in identifying factors driving variability that can be used for patient stratification. In addition to genetic and lifestyle factors, the individual's sex and gender are emerging as crucial drivers of phenotypic variability. Evidence exists on sex and gender differences in the rate of cognitive deterioration and brain atrophy, and in the effect of risk factors as well as in the patterns of diagnostic biomarkers. Such evidence might be of high relevance and requires attention in clinical practice and clinical trials. However, sex and gender differences are currently seldom appreciated; importantly, consideration of sex and gender differences is not currently a focus in the design and analysis of clinical trials for AD. The objective of this position paper is (i) to provide an overview of known sex and gender differences that might have implications for clinical practice, (ii) to identify the most important knowledge gaps in the field (with a special regard to clinical trials) and (iii) to provide conclusions for future studies. This scientific statement is endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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7. "How the other half lives: The geographical study of women" – A review.
- Author
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Tivers, Jacqueline
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GEOGRAPHY ,CHILD care - Abstract
This paper reflects on the origins of Tivers' 1978 paper "How the other half lives: the geographical study of women," tracing these through a consideration of societal expectations at the time, which were mirrored in the content and approach of 1970s Geography in the UK. Attention is given here both to this original context of the paper and to its context in subsequent publications and in the overall career of the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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8. What are the relationship experiences of in which one member identifies as transgender? A systematic review and meta‐ethnography.
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Gunby, Nicola and Butler, Catherine
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GENDER role ,RESEARCH funding ,TRANSGENDER people ,COUPLES therapy ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,ONLINE information services ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
Transgender individuals and their partners may face unique challenges that other couples do not. These unique challenges merit investigation, understanding and consideration by systemic practitioners in order to provide a culturally attuned service for transgender clients. A systematic review of the literature into the experiences of couples in which one member is transgender identified 22 qualitative papers. A translation and synthesis of constructs from these papers utilising a meta‐ethnographic approach generated a number of third order constructs organised into nine overarching themes. These themes included experiences of stigma and discrimination, issues of power, privilege, visibility and identity, and experiences of dissonance and dysphoria that required adjustments and negotiations on the personal and relationship levels. Implications for practice and avenues for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. From presentation to paper: Gender disparities in oncological research.
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Dijksterhuis, Willemieke P.M., Stroes, Charlotte I., Tan, Wan‐Ling, Ithimakin, Suthinee, Calles, Antonio, Oijen, Martijn G.H., Verhoeven, Rob H.A., Barriuso, Jorge, Oosting, Sjoukje F., Ivankovic, Daniela Kolarevic, Furness, Andrew J.S., Bozovic‐Spasojevic, Ivana, Gomez‐Roca, Carlos, and Laarhoven, Hanneke W.M.
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MANN Whitney U Test ,GENDER ,TREND analysis ,EDUCATORS - Abstract
Gender disparities in scientific publications have been identified in oncological research. Oral research presentations at major conferences enhance visibility of presenters. The share of women presenting at such podia is unknown. We aim to identify gender‐based differences in contributions to presentations at two major oncological conferences. Abstracts presented at plenary sessions of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meetings and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congresses were collected. Trend analyses were used to analyze female contribution over time. The association between presenter's sex, study outcome (positive/negative) and journals' impact factors (IFs) of subsequently published papers was assessed using Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U tests. Of 166 consecutive abstracts presented at ASCO in 2011–2018 (n = 34) and ESMO in 2008–2018 (n = 132), 21% had female presenters, all originating from Northern America (n = 17) or Europe (n = 18). The distribution of presenter's sex was similar over time (p = 0.70). Of 2,425 contributing authors to these presented abstracts, 28% were women. The proportion of female abstract authors increased over time (p < 0.05) and was higher in abstracts with female (34%) compared to male presenters (26%; p < 0.01). Presenter's sex was not associated with study outcome (p = 0.82). Median journals' IFs were lower in papers with a female first author (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a clear gender disparity in research presentations at two major oncological conferences, with 28% of authors and 21% of presenters of these studies being female. Lack of visibility of female presenters could impair acknowledgement for their research, opportunities in their academic career and even hamper heterogeneity in research. What's new? Presenting one's research at a conference is a great way to get your name and ideas heard within the professional community. In this study, the authors investigated how often women served as presenters at plenary sessions of ASCO Annual Meetings and ESMO Congresses. Looking through 166 abstracts over a period of 8 years, they found that 21% had female presenters, while 28% of study authors were female. Lack of visibility for female researchers at conferences can slow their career progress, and greater representation should be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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10. A framework for measuring the social impact of food allergy across Europe: a EuroPrevall state of the art paper.
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de Blok, B. M. J., Vlieg-Boerstra, B. J., Oude Elberink, J. N. G., Duiverman, E. J., DunnGalvin, A., Hourihane, J. O'B., Cornelisse-Vermaat, J. R., Frewer, L., Mills, C., and Dubois, A. E. J.
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FOOD allergy , *QUALITY of life , *HUMAN ecology research , *IMMUNOLOGIC diseases , *ALLERGIES - Abstract
This state of the art paper has been developed through EuroPrevall, a European multicentre research project funded by the European Union which aims to improve quality of life for food allergic individuals. Food allergy (whether clinically diagnosed or self-perceived) represents a major health issue in Western societies and may have a considerably greater impact on society than was previously believed. However, the social impact of food allergy has never been systematically investigated using validated instruments. Combining the information from studies on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with epidemiological data on prevalence will ultimately give some indication of the magnitude of the social impact of food allergy in Europe. HRQoL can be assessed with disease-specific questionnaires, which are being developed in EuroPrevall. These instruments will be used to identify HRQoL problems associated with food allergy, and to assess the effectiveness of interventions and to guide the development of regulatory policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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11. Editorial introduction: Revisiting Jacqueline Tivers' "How the other half lives".
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Kraftl, Peter, Datta, Kavita, and Geoghegan, Hilary
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GENDER role ,GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
This Classics Revisited section focuses on Jacqueline Tivers' seminal paper, "How the other half lives." Published in 1978, the paper sought to highlight the experiences of women, to combat the male‐centred nature of geography as a discipline, and to draw attention to inequalities that result from ascribed gender roles. Our introductory piece explains the rationale behind choosing this paper as an Area "Classic," provides an overview of the key arguments of the original paper, and briefly summarises the reflective pieces that follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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12. Socializing efficacy: a reconstruction of self-efficacy theory within the context of inequality<FNR>*</FNR><FN>This paper is dedicated to the memory of sociologist, Dr Michael Moore, who died on 17 June 1998, one year after our intense work on this project. I am deeply indebted to him for his energy, support and wisdom. His ideas live on through this work. </FN>
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Franzblau, Susan H. and Moore, Michael
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SELF-efficacy , *CONDUCT of life , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *SOCIAL problems , *INTERPERSONAL relations - Abstract
Bandura's self-efficacy (SE) theory claims that if people believe that they can control the outcome of their behaviour, then they can. SE theory positions the self as the centre and originator of change, beginning with control over belief systems, which determine levels of performance. This conception depoliticizes social mechanisms of control, internalizing them within individual cognitive processes. We argue that SE theory emanates from culturally-positioned and ideologically informed functional trends in US psychology, which perpetuates a blaming-the-victim approach to social problems. Through an examination of the way gender and disability are manipulated in SE research, we show that efficacy is socially construed, and is actually about control over and access to power and the ideological, institutional, and social resources that provide the foundation for taking certain actions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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13. You Oughta Know: Examining Author Geography and Gender in Information Science.
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Buchanan, George and McKay, Dana
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INFORMATION science ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,SCIENTIFIC community ,SCIENTOMETRICS ,WOMEN authors - Abstract
Publication is a vital part of the career of any researcher. There is an increasing awareness that the presented gender of authors can impact their acceptance at competitive venues, and also influence the support they receive to participate in conferences. Similarly, geography and the associated costs of travel to conferences also impact the likelihood a potential author will submit to a conference. Recent research has examined these impacts in the context of related disciplines within computing and considered the gender profile of reviewers and authors at the iConference. This paper examines the impact of gender and geography on the representation of authors in the ASIST Annual Meeting and the JASIST journal. Through an evaluation of the first authors of accepted papers or articles, we assess the relative representation of genders, and the degree to which conference location impedes or enables authors from different regions. Our findings provide a foundation for the information science community to work towards better representation of female and international authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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14. DETERMinants of quality of life, care and costs, and consequences of INequalities in people with Dementia and their carers (DETERMIND): A protocol paper.
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Farina, Nicolas, Hicks, Ben, Baxter, Kate, Birks, Yvonne, Brayne, Carol, Dangoor, Margaret, Dixon, Josie, Harris, Peter R., Hu, Bo, Knapp, Martin, Miles, Eleanor, Perach, Rotem, Read, Sanna, Robinson, Louise, Rusted, Jennifer, Stewart, Rob, Thomas, Alan, Wittenberg, Raphael, and Banerjee, Sube
- Subjects
MEDICAL care costs ,DEMENTIA ,QUALITY of life ,CARE of dementia patients ,CHANGE theory ,TREATMENT of dementia ,MEDICAL quality control ,RESEARCH ,CAREGIVERS ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COST effectiveness ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Objectives: DETERMIND (DETERMinants of quality of life, care and costs, and consequences of INequalities in people with Dementia and their carers) is designed to address fundamental, and, as yet unanswered questions about inequalities, outcomes and costs following diagnosis with dementia. These answers are needed to improve the quality of care and equity of access to care, and therefore the quality of life, of people with dementia and their carers.Method: DETERMIND is a programme of research consisting of seven complementary workstreams (WS) exploring various components that may result in unequal dementia care: WS1: Recruitment and follow-up of the DETERMIND cohort-900 people with dementia and their carers from three geographically and socially diverse sites within six months following diagnosis, and follow them up for three years. WS2: Investigation of the extent of inequalities in access to dementia care. WS3: Relationship between use and costs of services and outcomes. WS4: Experiences of self-funders of care. WS5: Decision-making processes for people with dementia and carers. WS6: Effect of diagnostic stage and services on outcomes. WS7: Theory of Change informed strategy and actions for applying the research findings.Outcomes: During the life of the programme, analysing baseline results and then follow-up of the DETERMIND cohort over 3 years, we will establish evidence on current services and practice. DETERMIND will deliver novel, detailed data on inequalities in dementia care and what drives positive and negative outcomes and costs for people with dementia and carers, and identify factors that help or hinder living well with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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15. The scholarly impact of diversity research.
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Ng, Thomas W. H.
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EXPERIMENTAL design ,AUTHORS ,ANALYSIS of variance ,MINORITIES ,SCHOLARLY communication ,AGE distribution ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CULTURAL pluralism ,RACE ,SOCIAL stigma ,PSYCHOLOGY ,SEX distribution ,CITATION analysis ,STEREOTYPES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEORY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FACTOR analysis ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
This study contributes to the diversity literature by probing whether diversity papers are cited as frequently as nondiversity papers in management and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology journals. Based on the stigma‐by‐association theory, I argue that as a result of their association with minority groups, diversity papers may be devalued and thus "othered" by scholars. Using a citation analysis of 46,930 papers published in 29 peer‐reviewed management and I/O psychology journals, I present empirical evidence in Study 1 that diversity papers were cited significantly less frequently than nondiversity papers. The authors' gender and institutional prestige, journal tier and domain, and year of publication were not moderators. In Study 2, I used a scenario experiment to demonstrate the stigma‐by‐association effect. The authors' gender demonstrated a significant moderating effect in this experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. Women's alcohol consumption in the early parenting period and influences of socio‐demographic and domestic circumstances: A scoping review and narrative synthesis.
- Author
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Vicario, Serena, Buykx, Penny, Peacock, Marian, Hardie, Iain, De Freitas, Loren, Bissell, Paul, and Meier, Petra Sylvia
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ALCOHOL drinking ,FAMILY structure ,PARENTAL influences ,SOCIAL evolution ,SOCIAL role - Abstract
Issues: Numerous studies have explored alcohol consumption in pregnancy, but less is known about women's drinking in the early parenting period (EPP, 0–5 years after childbirth). We synthesise research related to three questions: (i) How are women's drinking patterns and trajectories associated with socio‐demographic and domestic circumstances?; (ii) What theoretical approaches are used to explain changes in consumption?; (iii) What meanings have been given to mothers' drinking? Approach: Three databases (Ovid‐MEDLINE, Ovid‐PsycINFO and CINAHL) were systematically searched. Citation tracking was conducted in Web of Science Citation Index and Google Scholar. Eligible papers explored mothers' alcohol consumption during the EPP, focusing on general population rather than clinical samples. Studies were critically appraised and their characteristics, methods and key findings extracted. Thematic narrative synthesis of findings was conducted. Key Findings: Fourteen quantitative and six qualitative studies were identified. The (sub)samples ranged from n = 77,137 to n = 21 women. Mothers' consumption levels were associated with older age, being White and employed, not being in a partnered relationship, higher education and income. Three theoretical approaches were employed to explain these consumption differences: social role, role deprivation, social practice theories. By drinking alcohol, mothers expressed numerous aspects of their identity (e.g., autonomous women and responsible mothers). Implications and Conclusion: Alcohol‐related interventions and policies should consider demographic and cultural transformations of motherhood (e.g., delayed motherhood, changes in family structures). Mothers' drinking should be contextualised carefully in relation to socio‐economic circumstances and gender inequalities in unpaid labour. The focus on peer‐reviewed academic papers in English language may limit the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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17. The influence of the global COVID‐19 pandemic on manuscript submissions and editor and reviewer performance at six ecology journals.
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Fox, Charles W. and Meyer, Jennifer
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TELECOMMUTING ,SCHOLARLY periodicals ,COVID-19 ,WOMEN authors ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
Government policies attempting to slow the spread of COVID‐19 have reduced access to research laboratories and shifted many scholars to working from home. These disruptions will likely influence submissions to scholarly journals, and affect the time available for editors and reviewers to participate in peer review.In this editorial we examine how journal submissions, and editorial and peer review processes, have been influenced by the pandemic at six journals published by the British Ecological Society (BES).We find no evidence of a change in the geographic pattern of submissions from across the globe. We also find no evidence that submission of manuscripts by women has been more affected by pandemic disruptions than have submissions by men—the proportion of papers authored by women during the COVID period of 2020 has not changed relative to the same period in 2019.Editors handled papers just as quickly, and reviewers have agreed to review just as often, during the pandemic compared to pre‐pandemic. The one notable change in peer review during the pandemic is that reviewers replied more quickly to emails inviting them to review (albeit only 4% sooner), and those who agreed to review returned their reviews more quickly (17% sooner), during the pandemic.We thus find no evidence at these six ecology journals that submissions and peer review processes have been negatively impacted by the pandemic. Also, contrary to analyses in other disciplines, we do not find evidence that there have been disproportionate impacts of the pandemic on female authors and reviewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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18. Review on characteristics of trained sensory panels in food science.
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Djekic, Ilija, Lorenzo, José M., Munekata, Paulo E. S., Gagaoua, Mohammed, and Tomasevic, Igor
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FOOD science ,PERCEPTUAL learning ,GENDER ,DATA quality ,FOOD quality - Abstract
Sensory analysis has been, is, and will be one of the most important methods in judging food quality. As such, it is an evaluation tool involving human subjects with specific skills to conduct assigned series of tests. This review outlines main characteristics of 179 trained panels published in 16 selected scientific journals in the last 12 months, as well as training methods used for panelists, and type of sensory studies employed. The results reveal that two thirds of the panels have between eight and twelve members, with gender data provided in half of the papers. Overall duration of their initial training is presented only in around 20% of reviewed publications. When provided, duration was below 2 hr per session involving up to 10 sessions. One third of papers confirmed to have conducted training of the panel for methods employed, while almost half used experienced human subjects with no further data. Around 12% of all manuscripts have validated training of their sensory panel, while 20% of papers covered at least one criterion for assessment of their panels' performance. The majority of papers (80%) used descriptive methods, mainly with intensity scales. It is of note that 15% of papers used hedonic tests typical for consumer studies. Almost half of the scholars conducted their research in triplicates (41.3%) while almost one quarter (24%) provided no data on this subject. Type of food analyzed has no effects on the quality of data provided regarding panels, training, sensory methods, and replications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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19. Gender and resilience at work: A critical introduction.
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Branicki, Layla, Birkett, Holly, and Sullivan‐Taylor, Bridgette
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SOCIOBIOLOGY ,GENDER ,WOMEN engineers ,ORGANIZATIONAL resilience ,GENDER nonconformity ,HOUSEKEEPING - Abstract
Jogulu and Franken ([19]) find that resilience strategies - network leveraging, learning, and adaptability - were often experienced differently by the Australian and Malaysian female senior managers interviewed, suggesting the culturally nuanced ways in which career resilience is enacted in practice. When we wrote the call for papers for this special section on gender and resilience at work, we could never have anticipated the scale and scope of the crisis that was to come. Work on resilience tends to emphasize white-collar work, or the management of extreme events (Branicki et al., [7]) and, as such, lacks sufficient focus on resilience in the face of daily experiences of precarious work and interrupted careers. Resilience research primarily examines either the resilience of individuals or organizational resilience, and either focuses upon everyday resilience or resilience in response to extreme events (Branicki et al., [7]). [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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20. Gendered childhoods and the inequity of accessing the outdoors.
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Parsons, Katie J. and Halstead, Florence
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PHYSICAL geography ,UTERUS ,GENDER - Abstract
Understanding our beliefs and experiences means we must often explore our childhood experiences, and reflect on how, at certain points in our life, a range of barriers, obstacles, and societal or social constructs have resulted in shaping the opportunities we had and our behaviours in accessing them. Herein we consider and reflect on the paper '"Muddy Glee": rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork' and take inspiration to reframe and discuss a broader context of childhood experiences in setting the background for the observations made within the paper. We highlight and discuss three key provocations, which provide a framework to explore how social constructions of gender, from within the womb onwards, impact women's experiences, challenges, and pleasures of fieldwork in geography, and moreover link these experiences to the restrictions on access to the outdoors women experience in everyday life. Understanding our beliefs and experiences means we must often explore our childhood experiences, and reflect on how, at certain points in our life, a range of barriers, obstacles, and societal or social constructs have resulted in shaping the opportunities we had and our behaviours in accessing them. Herein we consider and reflect on the paper '"Muddy Glee": rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork' and take inspiration to reframe and discuss a broader context of childhood experiences in setting the background for the observations made within the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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21. Measuring research excellence amongst economics lecturers in the UK.
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McManus, Richard, Mumford, Karen, and Sechel, Cristina
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LECTURERS ,RESEARCH departments ,EXCELLENCE ,CONDITIONAL probability ,DECISION making - Abstract
Using a rich new data source, we explore the selection of economics lecturers into the last UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) exercise. Only some one‐in‐two (54%) of these lecturers were submitted to REF2014; 57% of men and 46% of women. The decision making of institutions is found to be well approximated by a simplified selection approach; focusing on working papers and higher quality journal publications. Our results also reveal sizeable conditional differences in the probability of selection, especially so in departments with higher research rankings. More than half of the variance in selection probability remains unexplained, revealing considerable idiosyncrasies in the management of submissions and uncertainty across the discipline in this research assessment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. Public perspectives on inequality and mental health: A peer research study.
- Author
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Pinfold, Vanessa, Thompson, Rose, Lewington, Alex, Samuel, Gillian, Jayacodi, Sandra, Jones, Oliver, Vadgama, Ami, Crawford, Achille, Fischer, Laura E., Dykxhoorn, Jennifer, Kidger, Judi, Oliver, Emily J., and Duncan, Fiona
- Subjects
AFFINITY groups ,RACISM ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SOCIAL media ,RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL values ,MENTAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,HEALTH status indicators ,VIOLENCE ,NONBINARY people ,GENDER ,EXPERIENCE ,QUALITATIVE research ,PHOTOGRAPHY ,FINANCIAL stress ,ACTION research ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH equity ,THEMATIC analysis ,SUFFERING ,HOMELESSNESS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,PUBLIC opinion ,SOCIAL integration ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
Introduction: Associations between structural inequalities and health are well established. However, there is limited work examining this link in relation to mental health, or that centres public perspectives. This study explores people's experience and sense‐making of inequality in their daily lives, with particular consideration of impacts on mental health. Methods: We conducted a peer research study. Participants had to live in one of two London Boroughs and have an interest in inequalities and mental health. Using social media, newsletters, local organisations and our peer researchers' contacts, we recruited 30 participants who took photos representing their experience of inequality and discussed them during semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were identified in this study: (1) inequalities are unjust, multilayered and intertwined with mental health. Accounts demonstrated a deep understanding of inequalities and their link to mental health outcomes, describing inequalities as 'suffering' and 'not good for anyone'. Financial, housing, immigration and healthcare problems exacerbated poor mental health, with racism, gender‐based violence and job loss also contributing factors for both poor mental health and experiences of inequality; (2) inequalities exclude and have far‐reaching mental health consequences, impacting personal sense of belonging and perceived societal value and (3) moving forwards—addressing long‐standing inequality and poor public mental health necessitated coping and resilience strategies that are often unacknowledged and undervalued by support systems. Conclusion: Lived experience expertise was central in this study, creating an innovative methodological approach. To improve public mental health, we must address the everyday, painful structural inequalities experienced by many as commonplace and unfair. New policies and strategies must be found that involve communities, redistributing resources and power, building on a collective knowledge base, to coproduce actions combatting inequalities and improving population mental health. Patient or Public Contribution: This study was peer‐led, designed and carried out by researchers who had experiences of poor mental health. Six authors of the paper worked as peer researchers on this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Navigating risk: Young women's pathways through the care, education and criminal justice systems.
- Author
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Larsson, Birgit, Schofield, Gillian, Biggart, Laura, Ward, Emma, Dodsworth, Jane, and Scaife, Victoria
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *SECONDARY analysis , *QUALITATIVE research , *FOCUS groups , *RESEARCH funding , *INTERVIEWING , *PSYCHOLOGY of women , *EXPERIENCE , *CAREGIVERS , *THEMATIC analysis , *CRIMINAL justice system , *MOTHERHOOD , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *TRANSITION to adulthood , *SELF-perception , *ADOLESCENCE ,MEDICAL care for teenagers - Abstract
The criminalization of young women in care remains an important practice and policy issue in England despite 2018 national guidance and the subsequent development of local authority protocols to reduce the criminalization of care‐experienced young people. This paper contributes to the emerging research on young women whose behaviour challenges professionals, through secondary analysis of case file data and narrative interviews with 24 care‐experienced young women from a national project on care and offending. Analysis focused on young women's pathways through the care, justice and education systems and identified five domains within young women's lives where available risk or resilience factors were significant in directing young women towards prosocial opportunities, to new types of victimization or to criminalization and offending. These domains consisted of placements and caregiver relationships; partner relationships; pregnancy and motherhood; participation in education; and the transition to adulthood through leaving care. The paper concludes with implications for practice for professionals working with young women, in particular emphasizing that how the care, justice and education systems respond to young women can contribute to negative pathways or transform them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology: Do we have a ‘true’ gender?
- Author
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Jackson, Emma F. and Bussey, Kay
- Subjects
- *
TRANSGENDER people , *GENDER , *GENDER dysphoria , *BINARY gender system , *PSYCHOLOGICAL research , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Psychological research has acknowledged that the commonly accepted definitions of ‘transgender’, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ within psychological research have resulted in limitations in accounting for the lived realities of transgender individuals. Such limitations include, but are not limited to, the continued pathologization of transgender experiences through idealizing sex and gender congruence and incapacity to account for non‐normative and non‐binary transition pathways. This paper provides a review of these limitations to first demonstrate how the incongruence definition of ‘transgender’ is reliant on the idea of a ‘true’ gender, and next suggest that problematising the idea of a ‘true’ gender allows new conceptions of transgender experiences to be advanced. To undertake this problematization, the work of Judith Butler and Sara Ahmed is used to consider how gender could be conceptualized otherwise in psychology and then applied to transgender experiences. In all, this paper theorizes transgender experiences without a reliance on the assertion of a true gender, to suggest instead a focus on contextualized transgender experiences. Last, the limitations and implications of this definition of transgender are briefly discussed. Overall, transgender experiences are conceptualized as those experiences that run counter to the dominant (re)production of binary sexed gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Women on the move for science, technology, engineering and mathematics: Gender selectivity in higher education student migration.
- Author
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Narh, Ebenezer D. and Buzzelli, Michael
- Subjects
- *
STEM education , *HIGHER education , *SCHOOL enrollment , *SCHOLARSHIPS - Abstract
Despite the gendered rebalancing of enrolments in higher education (HE) in the West, the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines persists. Gendered selectivity of field of study influences higher education student migration (HESM) and in turn sheds light on HE participation. Framed by gender intersectionality theories both in HE studies and migration scholarship, this paper uses innovative data to analyse the intersectional effect of gender and field of study on HESM in Canada. Based on Statistics Canada's postsecondary student information system for the 2019/20 academic year, Canadian interregional flow matrixes structured by gender, field and level of study are constructed and analysed. The results show compelling evidence of the influence of gendered differences in HESM when intersected with field and level of study. Notably, women pursuing STEM studies migrate significantly more than any other grouping (i.e. gender, field and level of study groupings). The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications for the influence of HESM on community demographic make‐up and local labour markets, as well as future research including the need to understand gendered dimensions of migration intentions and motivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. (Un)doing gender in female breadwinner households: Gender relations and structural change.
- Author
-
Sánchez‐Mira, Núria
- Subjects
- *
HETEROSEXUAL women , *LIFE history interviews , *HOUSEKEEPING , *COUPLES , *GENDER , *WORKING class , *HETEROSEXUALS - Abstract
The paper explores working class couples' experiences of female‐breadwinning during the Great Recession in Spain. It examines the extent to which couples' adaptations to these gender‐atypical work‐family arrangements have led to processes of (un)doing gender. The study is based on the analysis of 24 semi‐structured biographical interviews and life history calendars with men and women in 12 heterosexual couples who have gone through different breadwinning statuses during their trajectory. Findings show that men whose partners were primary breadwinners for a period make the greatest effort to preserve the male‐breadwinner illusion. In contrast, female breadwinners identify with a co‐breadwinner model and do not understate their own economic contribution. Men's insufficient participation in housework and child care is experienced by women with disapproval, which turns into open conflict when the women perform the bulk of such work. The paper concludes that adaptation to unconventional arrangements can constitute a catalyst for processes that undo gender, but more qualitative longitudinal research is needed to determine how economistic and normative factors interact dynamically across different countries and social groups in shaping these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Integration, negotiation, interrogation: Gendered‐racialised barriers to the socialisation of doctoral students in Belgian higher education.
- Author
-
Bourabain, Dounia
- Subjects
- *
NEGOTIATION , *DOCTORAL students , *HIGHER education , *SOCIALIZATION , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
In this paper, I discuss the gendered‐racialised interactional and contextual dynamics hindering the socialisation of ethnic minoritised women (EMW) within Belgian higher education. Based on in‐depth interviews, I develop the concept of 'socialisation climates' to explain the key aspects that determine EMW's socialisation process. Three socialisation climates are identified: integration, negotiation and interrogation. Findings show that insiders play a crucial role in hindering or facilitating EMW's socialisation. Developmental relationships are gendered‐racialised relations in which EMW's identity impacts supervisor and peer support. The departmental context in terms of hierarchy, an Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion culture, and team composition is relevant to their socialisation process. EMW are able to socialise rapidly only in a context that is (radically) inclusive which is still rare in academia. This paper informs higher education institutions to be aware of the gendered‐racialised climate and interactions that influence EMW's socialisation and increase the risk of pushing them out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Towards a historical geography of girlhood.
- Author
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Krishnan, Sneha
- Subjects
- *
HISTORICAL geography , *CLIMATOLOGY , *URBAN geography , *URBAN planning , *RACE - Abstract
This paper makes an argument for a geography of girlhood, located at the intersection of historical geographies of globalisation and empire on the one hand, and feminist interventions in the geography of childhood and youth on the other. A focus on girlhood, I argue, opens up a debate on the discipline's own implication in a debate on climate science, moral hierarchies of civilisation and reproductive health at which intersection the category of 'girl' was materialised in the 19th century. This focus extends and historicises the argument made by scholars like Nicola Ansel that geographies of childhood speak not only to intimate scales of experience ‐ such as the home and neighbourhood—but instead suggest the ways in which everyday life is implicated in the scale of the global and the geopolitical. Drawing on an inter‐disciplinary scholarship, the paper argues that debates on gender and maturity—converging on the figure of the 'girl'—shaped raced and classed imaginaries of progress in the 19th and 20th centuries. Through this, the paper demonstrates that 'girlhood' is at the heart of historical geographies of urban planning, social care, and health, as well as indexing the continuities in the transition from a colonial discourse of civilisation to a mid‐20th century concern with development. Finally, the paper asks how to write about girls through an archive that is almost obsessively fixated on them as subjects of education and reform, even whilst they rarely appear in it as speaking subjects. I argue that both an emergent focus on non‐textual objects as sources, as well as the use of ephemeral material—including notes, creative writing exercises from the classroom, school diaries etc.—alongside the official archive might open the scholarship up to a multi‐scalar analysis of girlhood as imbricated in larger global and national discursive and material practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Chaucer's gender‐oriented philosophy in The Canterbury Tales.
- Author
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Zuraikat, Malek J.
- Subjects
WOMEN poets ,KNIGHTS & knighthood ,FOURTEENTH century ,ENGLISH poetry ,GENDER ,AMALGAMATION - Abstract
The manipulation of gender in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales is utterly opaque. While "The Knight's Tale" potentially entices readers to think that Chaucer defines a woman regarding her relationship to man, "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale" suggests that the poet views a woman as an independent figure whose identity has nothing to do with man. This apparently controversial portrait of gender causes some critics to read Chaucer as a pro‐woman individual; simultaneously, it inspires other critics to view the poet as anti‐feminist. Such debate may cause readers to misjudge Chaucer's multifaceted approach towards gender as well as other hypersensitive topics, thus adding to the atmosphere of complexity and lack of clarity that dominates The Tales. Accordingly, this paper revisits Chaucer's gender‐oriented philosophy in The Tales sieving what is conjectured by the poem's critics from what is said by the poet himself regarding gender. The paper concludes that Chaucer has never had the choice to overtly be or not to be the friend of woman but has always adopted a fence‐sitting strategy concerning the question of gender due to his sociopolitical status. The paper confirms that Chaucer's viewpoint of women is neither feminist nor anti‐feminist but a realistic amalgamation that mirrors the opaque gender culture of England in the fourteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Nomads, thresholds, and leaves: Queer entanglements within the AcademicConferenceMachine.
- Author
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Benozzo, Angelo, Bizjak, Davide, Pianezzi, Daniela, and Sicca, Luigi Maria
- Subjects
- *
QUEER theory , *TRANSGENDER people , *GENDER , *WELL-being , *NOMADS - Abstract
This paper presents the mise en espace of an anti‐drama‐liturgy written for the Conference "Salute e Benessere delle Persone Transgender e Gender Diverse: Buone Prassi e Nuove Prospettive [Wellbeing of Transgender and Gender Diverse People: Good Practices and New Perspectives]". By providing an example of conferencing differently, the paper depicts an elliptical (round)table that questions normative assumptions on gender and sexuality and established practices of academic knowledge production and dissemination. It does so, along the edge of anti‐binarism, in three ways. Firstly, there is the choice of an elliptical (round)table that is polycentric: it broadens the point of view from the margins. Secondly, our writing sought to favor embodied questioning and dialog over the structured speech report typical of conferences, and the third way is inherent to the genre of theatrical writing related to the mise en espace format, which enables us to ask questions about the relationship between our bodies, broader materiality, and the dominant norms of academic and gendered practices. The intertwining of these elements makes our queering the AcademicConferenceMachine, which is an invitation to recognize the political performativity and imaginative possibilities of any (academic) encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Disability and gender in the history of geographical exploration: Understanding Isabella Bird Bishop as a disabled geographer.
- Author
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Armston‐Sheret, Edward
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHICAL discoveries , *GENDER identity , *RACE identity , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *GEOGRAPHERS , *GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Studying the life and travels of the Victorian explorer Isabella Bird Bishop offers important insights into the history of disabled people within the discipline of geography. Bird Bishop is an important figure within geography's disciplinary history, as one of the first women admitted to the Royal Geographical Society in 1892. She also had a long‐standing spinal condition that intermingled with psychological symptoms. In studying how her disability (and contemporary understandings of her body) shaped her travels, this paper shows how disability interacted with Bird Bishop's racial and gender identity in shaping where and how she travelled and how she wrote about her experiences. By drawing attention to the role that disability played in justifying her travels and the positive effect travel had on her health, this paper highlights her generally positive experiences of geographical travel as a disabled person. Studying Isabella Bird Bishop's life reveals insights into the history of disabled people in geography. She was one of the first women admitted to the Royal Geographical Society in 1892 and had a spinal condition affecting her travels, physical health and psychological well‐being. This paper analyses how Bird Bishop's gender, class and racial identity interacted with her disability at home and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Gender, caste, and street vending in India: Towards an intersectional geography.
- Author
-
Saxena, Saanchi
- Subjects
- *
STREET vendors , *EVIDENCE gaps , *CASTE , *GENDER ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Through an analysis of the available literature on women street vendors in the Global South, and then specifically in India, this paper identifies several knowledge gaps and future directions for research. The paper makes three broad claims: (1) street vending spaces are fundamentally gendered spaces; (2) the intersectional identities and caste‐based locations of women street vendors shape their spatial experiences, material realities and access to power; and (3) gender and caste are co‐constituted categories that produce a spatiality unique to the Indian subcontinent. While the geographical approach towards street vending recognises the importance of space and considers vendors as spatial practitioners, vendors are often assumed to belong to a homogenous (male) category with differentials such as gender, race, age, ethnicity and caste invisibilised. This research gap is of even more critical importance in India where caste intersects with gender to produce space. Examining the literature on gender and street vending reveals three broad analytical themes—socio‐spatial disparities, politics of space, and strategies of control. What seems to be missing is a critical, qualitative focus on the experiences of women street vendors, the gendering of vending spaces, the recognition of caste as a dynamic factor, and a spatial analysis grounded in the Southern urban context. Ultimately, this paper makes the case for a situated and postcolonial feminist geography approach to street vending in India, and calls for an intersectional research agenda that is attentive to the co‐constitution of caste and gender in the production of urban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Gendering Toxic Contamination: Toxic Risks, Bodies, and Pregnancies in Gold Mining and Coca Farming Communities in the Bajo Cauca Region.
- Author
-
Chiavaroli, Chiara
- Abstract
This paper investigates women's everyday reproductive struggles in contexts of toxic contamination and the tensions emerging between toxic exposure and care in women's experiences of motherhood. While scientific framings of reproductive disruptions understand social identities as pre‐existing the experience of toxic risks, in this paper I argue that, in toxic territories, the categories of "contaminating" and "contaminated" actors interact with other categories of identity, such as gender and race, shaping social relations. Drawing on 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the Bajo Cauca region among gold mining and coca farming communities, I investigate the everyday processes of gendered subject formation that unfold in toxic territories and the emergence of "faulty" gendered identities for rural mothers. Building on scholarship in feminist geography and Latin American feminist science and technology studies, I argue that ineffective forms of integration of gender in the institutional debate on toxic contamination reproduce, rather than challenge, the invisibility of rural women before the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Fleeting joy, divergent expectations and reconfigured intimacies: The visits home of Filipino migrant care workers in Singapore.
- Author
-
Amrith, Megha
- Subjects
MIGRANT labor ,BETRAYAL ,JOY ,FILIPINOS ,TEMPORARY employment ,INTIMACY (Psychology) - Abstract
For Filipino migrant care workers in Singapore, visits home are highly anticipated and longed for, but only as long as they remain brief. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic research, this paper examines such visits as emotionally complex events that bring intense joy as migrants reunite with dispersed family members, but also reveal divergent expectations and feelings of loss and betrayal. These experiences are especially felt among migrant women given the gendered constructions of their migration journeys that demand strenuous relational work on their visits and far beyond. Visits home, nevertheless, are important moments through which migrant care workers re‐orient their priorities and aspirations as migrants and as women over time, often leading to prolongations of their 'temporary' absences. The paper further examines how migrant care workers, many of whom are on temporary work contracts in Singapore, fear and anticipate the moment when short visits ultimately become permanent returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Societal and Research Population Biases.
- Author
-
Schweitzer, Mark E
- Subjects
RESEARCH bias ,TELECONFERENCING ,GENDER ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
In one of our biweekly editorial board conference calls this week, two papers were discussed which brought up issues that I believe need and merit wider dissemination to our readers and authors. These are design flaws that are minor and outweighed by the strengths of the paper. The final group of flaws are fatal flaws-study design issues so major that we cannot even consider examining their results. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Taking on the tweed suits: Reflections on the 'How the other half lives' and its critique of masculinist geography.
- Author
-
McEwan, Cheryl
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
In this commentary I explore the groundbreaking interventions of Jacky Tivers' (1978) "How the other half lives" (Area 10:4, pp. 302–306). I highlight its contribution in focusing attention on two specific issues: the underrepresentation of women as producers of geographical knowledge and the exclusion of women's issues as a focus of geographical inquiry. I argue that the paper broke new ground in the context of British geography by demonstrating the connections between the domination of the discipline by men and what was considered legitimate geographical knowledge, as well as by demanding that the latter be addressed through the explicit study of the geography of women and gender relations. In this commentary I explore the groundbreaking interventions of Jacky Tivers' (1978) "How the other half lives" (Area 10:4, pp. 302–306). I recount both the context in which I first read and was inspired by the paper and the significance of the context in which it was written to highlight its contribution in focusing attention on two specific issues: the underrepresentation of women as producers of geographical knowledge and the exclusion of women's issues as a focus of geographical inquiry. I argue that the paper broke new ground in the context of British geography by demonstrating the connections between the domination of the discipline by men and what was considered legitimate geographical knowledge, as well as by demanding that the latter be addressed through the explicit study of the geography of women and gender relations. I reflect on the courage it took to challenge the status quo in 1970s geography and conclude with some thoughts on the contemporary resonances of the issues with which the paper was concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Households, families, and structural inequalities: Reflections on "How the other half lives".
- Author
-
Hopkins, Peter
- Subjects
HOUSEHOLDS ,MATHEMATICAL equivalence ,FAMILIES ,GEOGRAPHERS - Abstract
Tivers' landmark paper about the geographical study of women published in Area in 1978 raised significant issues for the discipline when it was published. I review Tivers' paper and draw attention to three issues that remain pertinent for geographers. First, I explore the need to be critical about the concept of the household. Second, I reflect on the attention that geographers have given to the family. Finally, I re‐emphasise the importance of continuing to focus on structural inequalities as Tivers initially suggested in 1978. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Understanding financial inclusion in East Africa: How does Tanzania compare?
- Subjects
FINANCIAL instruments ,FINANCIAL markets ,ECONOMIC activity ,ECONOMIC expansion ,LABOR market ,FINANCE - Abstract
This paper primarily aimed at examining the level, and determinants of financial inclusion in Tanzania, comparing it with other East African Region member countries using the Global Findex (2017) database. The study reports some insightful findings. The results show that, financial inclusion is less developed in Tanzania than in other East African countries contrary to expectations. According to expectations from development finance theories financial inclusion directly relates to economic development. However, Tanzania having better GDP than its neighbour countries ranks behind other countries with lower GDPs. One may say that weak financial system, inappropriate policy and poor financial instruments hamper significant effect of finance on growth. The paper argues that regardless of a significant economic growth reported in Tanzania inability of the financial system to reach majority of the population may be considered as a major reason behind the unexpected link between economic growth and financial inclusion. Furthermore, the study shows that financial inclusion is positively related to the income level and education level of the households, and negatively relates to gender. Moreover, a non‐linear relationship between age and financial inclusion is reported‐ that is the relation is positive at a certain age level, and change to negative at a higher age level.Consequently, the study recommends promoting equal participation in both labor and financial markets, and that East African's Governments to fully capture the dynamics of markets and track informal as well as formal economic activities to attract inclusive economy which will, ultimately, match with financial inclusion agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. GENDER DIVERSITY IN RESEARCH TEAMS AND CITATION IMPACT IN ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT.
- Author
-
Maddi, Abdelghani and Gingras, Yves
- Subjects
RESEARCH teams ,GENDER ,SCIENCE databases ,WEB databases ,WOMEN authors ,ECONOMISTS - Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold: (1) contribute to a better understanding of the place of women in Economics and Management disciplines by characterizing the difference in levels of scientific collaboration between men and women at the specialties' level; and (2) investigate the relationship between gender diversity and citation impact in Economics and Management. Our data, extracted from the Web of Science database, cover global production as indexed in 302 journals in Economics and 370 journals in Management, with, respectively, 153,667 and 163,567 articles published between 2008 and 2018. Results show that collaborative practices between men and women are quite different in Economics and Management. We also find that there is a modest positive and significant effect of gender diversity on the citation impact of publications. Mixed‐gender publications (coauthored by men and women) receive more citations than nonmixed papers (written by same‐gender author teams) or single‐author publications. The regression analysis also indicates that there is, for Economics, a small negative effect on citations received if the corresponding author is a woman. Finally, the country (affiliation) of the corresponding author affects the citations received in the two disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. "It's wicked hard to fight covert racism": The case of microaggressions in science research organizations.
- Author
-
Salmon, Udeni
- Abstract
The intersection of race and gender discrimination has resulted in the pervasive under‐representation of women of color (WOC) in science careers, with research identifying that microaggressions are a key contributory factor to the imbalance. This study aims to compare individual experiences of microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations with institutional responses, thereby outlining the disconnects between the perspectives of minoritized scientists and those in positions of power. This paper draws on a constructivist paradigm to compare the experiences of women of color scientists with organizational representatives through 31 interviews conducted in science research organizations in the United Kingdom. The results find that organizational understandings of microaggressions differ substantially from those of WOC scientists. Furthermore, organizational responses favor policy‐based solutions that fail to address the slippery and deniable nature of microaggressions. The paper concludes that, contrary to the more prevalent popular diversity initiatives, a greater belief in the testimony of WOC scientists amplified by institutional responses that empower their identity as scientists would be more effective strategies to reduce the sense of shame and isolation caused by subtle forms of discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Can producers and consumers of color decolonize foodie culture?: An exploration through food media in settler colonies.
- Author
-
Khorana, Sukhmani
- Abstract
In this paper, I examine the "Home Cooking" episode of Netflix series Ugly Delicious, and the "Toronto Truths with Foodies of Colour" episode of award‐winning Racist Sandwich podcast to uncover their mediation of a foodie and cosmopolitan person of color identity. By paying close attention to biographical details and the foregrounding of certain aspects of foodie and racialized identities, this paper addresses the question of performativity when it comes to food adventuring by using the mediated lens of the two chosen food shows. Are the hosts (and the semiotics of the programs) potentially challenging the archetype of the adventurous meat‐eating white male, or reinforcing the same by letting certain people into the fold? This analysis is necessary to understand if producers and consumers of color who are vested in exploring different food cultures through their practices do this any differently from dominant cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Metapolitical seduction: Women's language and white nationalism.
- Author
-
Tebaldi, Catherine
- Subjects
WHITE nationalism ,FEMININITY ,SEDUCTION ,WHITE supremacy ,WHITE women ,FAIRY tales - Abstract
This paper examines the enregisterment of white nationalist women's language as metapolitical seduction, in anti‐feminist conversion videos designed both to seduce men and to restore them to their proper place—above women. First, the paper analyzes the metapragmatics of submissive femininity, then the characters this far right fairy tale invents, and finally how they come to represent a metapolitical order which aligns gender, nation, tradition, and language. Women's language contributes to the white nationalist metapolitical project of resurrecting white masculinity and re‐gendering the world, also revealing mechanisms by which white supremacy is made to appear not only normal, but desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The normativity of gender.
- Author
-
Cosker‐Rowland, Rach
- Subjects
- *
GENDER , *NORMATIVITY (Ethics) , *METAPHYSICS , *ETHICS , *MORAL judgment - Abstract
There are important similarities between moral thought and talk and thought and talk about gender: disagreements about gender, like disagreements about morality, seem to be intractable and to outstrip descriptive agreement; and it seems coherent to reject any definition of what it is to be a woman in terms of particular social, biological, or other descriptive features, just as it seems coherent to reject any definition of what it is to be good or right in terms of any set of descriptive properties. These similarities give us reason to investigate the idea that, like moral thought and talk, gender thought and talk is inherently normative. This paper proposes a normative account of gender thought and talk in terms of fitting treatment. On this fitting treatment account, to judge that A is gender G is just to judge that it is fitting to treat A as a G. This account is a descriptive or hermeneutical account of our gender thought and talk rather than an ameliorative account of our gender concepts or a metaphysical account of gender properties in social metaphysics. This paper argues that other descriptive accounts of gender thought and talk face problems that the fitting treatment account overcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Gender and employment: Recalibrating women's position in work, organizations, and society in times of COVID‐19.
- Author
-
Remery, Chantal, Petts, Richard J., Schippers, Joop, and Yerkes, Mara A.
- Subjects
HOUSEKEEPING ,WOMEN'S employment ,GENDER differences (Sociology) ,GENDER differences (Psychology) ,GENDER ,GENDER role ,LABOR supply - Abstract
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; employment; families; gendered impact EN COVID-19 pandemic employment families gendered impact 1927 1934 8 10/04/22 20221101 NES 221101 The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of women in the labor market and the unrecognized value of essential occupations such as care and education (Queisser et al., 2020). At the intersection of work and family, how has the COVID-19 pandemic affected work-family balance among working men and women? Overall, this paper extends previous work on changes in gender attitudes during the pandemic (Rosenfeld & Tomiyama, 2021) by identifying some pandemic-related factors that may have triggered these changes as well as demonstrating variations across family and work contexts. Academically, how does the COVID-19 pandemic extend or challenge our theoretical knowledge about gendered labor markets, gendered workplaces, and/or gendered distributions of paid work, care tasks, household tasks, and leisure?. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Women in biogeography.
- Author
-
Meynard, Christine N., Bernardi, Giacomo, Fraser, Ceridwen, Masters, Judith, Riginos, Cynthia, Sanmartin, Isabel, Tolley, Krystal A., Dawson, Michael N, and Kreft, Holger
- Subjects
BIOGEOGRAPHY ,GENDER ,BLOGS ,SOCIAL media - Abstract
Despite increasing awareness of issues affecting inclusivity, equity and diversity, change has been slow in science and academia, and gender disparities remain significant. Biogeography has not escaped this pattern. Here, we present a virtual issue compiling some of the most cited papers led by women that have been published in the Journal of Biogeography since 2009 in an effort to equalize visibility of women's influential work. We summarize leading gender disparities and their potential underlying causes, and present our motivation and methodology in compiling this issue. We further provide a blog, website and social media links to highlight the research of the authors whose work is showcased here. Highlighting influential contributions by women biogeographers is a small step towards equalizing visibility across genders. We hope that this virtual issue will also contribute in some way to creating a greater sense of belonging for women biogeographers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A critique of gender‐blind migration theories and data sources.
- Author
-
Bircan, Tuba and Yilmaz, Sinem
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,GENDER ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,MIGRATIONS of nations - Abstract
Despite this being the era of migration, no systematic theory of international migration has emerged, nor is there an academic or political agreement on ways in which migration is a 'gendered' process. Both theoretically and as inputs in the policy‐making process, gender‐blind approaches have actually rendered the gender dimension of migration more or less invisible. Through an in‐depth examination of the place of gender in the key theories of migration and relevant sources of data, the paper seeks to take stock of how these theories treat this dimension and investigate the cross‐sectional challenges in uncovering gender in international migration data. It, therefore, provides a critical review of both theory and data by shedding much‐needed light on their neglect of the gender aspects. Our findings based on a conceptual review of the literature and a case study based on Eurostat data on migration drivers demonstrate that migration theories and statistics typically equate gender with sex, which limits our ability to develop a comprehensive understanding of how complex gender dimensions shape the migration process. Moreover, given the extent to which existing data and theories overlook the intersectionality between the drivers of migration and diversity within migrant groups, this gap in knowledge presents an obstacle to gender‐responsive migration governance. In light of this, the paper discusses priorities for 'gendering' international migration research. We argue that in addition to improving accuracy and coverage of sex‐disaggregated statistics on international migration, both regular and irregular, it is crucial to develop quantitative as well as qualitative indicators to monitor the gender dimension in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Conversations about violence, risk and responsibility with divorced and support‐seeking fathers in Sweden.
- Author
-
Bruno, Linnéa and Eriksson, Maria
- Subjects
RISK of violence ,SOCIAL support ,FATHERS' attitudes ,SOCIAL workers ,CHILD abuse ,FAMILY separation policy, 2018-2021 ,INTERVIEWING ,HELP-seeking behavior ,GENDER ,INTIMATE partner violence ,RISK assessment ,COMMUNICATION ,SOUND recordings ,CHILD welfare ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGY of fathers ,CONTENT analysis ,FAMILY relations ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,DIVORCE - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse approaches to issues of risk, responsibility and representations of violence in women social workers' conversations with alleged or confirmed violent fathers. The study adds to a growing body of research on agencies' handling of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the context of separation. Empirically, the study draws from 12 structured, audio recorded and transcribed interviews with support‐seeking and divorced fathers, from five municipalities in Sweden, conducted as part of a cooperation project in which a risk‐detection method (Family Law Detection Of Overall Risk Screen [FL‐DOORS]) was also tested. The results suggest a tension between different professional tasks. To validate information on IPV, detect risk and enhance a child perspective competes with other professional projects, most obviously with promoting cooperation between parents. The study confirms previous research, which demonstrates unique challenges facing women social workers and counsellors when working with men as perpetrators. In conclusion, the paper concurs with the call for a focus on responsibility and on safe parenting in professional conversations with allegedly or confirmed abusive fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Are there more women in the dentist workforce? Using an intersectionality lens to explore the feminization of the dentist workforce in the UK and US.
- Author
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Fleming, Eleanor, Neville, Patricia, and Muirhead, Vanessa Elaine
- Subjects
WOMEN physicians ,DENTISTS ,POPULATION geography ,RACE ,LABOR supply ,SEX distribution ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,DENTISTRY ,ACADEMIC dissertations ,ANDROGEN-insensitivity syndrome - Abstract
In this paper, we seek to understand feminization of the dentist workforce moving beyond previous research that has looked at gender in isolation. We contend that little consideration has been given to how gender interacts with other important social identities such as race/ethnicity to influence the opportunities and barriers that female dentists encounter during their dental career. We argue that the scholarly debate about the feminization of the dentistry has not acknowledged the intersectionality of women's lives. Intersectionality describes how multiple social identities (such as race/ethnicity, gender, and class) overlap and interact to inform outcomes, creating disadvantages and/or privileges. Our thesis is that the increasing feminization of the dentist workforce is complicated and paradoxical, creating both opportunities for women and gender imbalances and blockages within the profession. To support our thesis, we critically reviewed the literature on feminization and analysed UK and US workforce data. While the female dentist workforce in both the UK and the US has increased significantly over the past decade, the growth in the number of female dentists was not equal across all racial/ethnic groups. The largest increase in the number of female dentists was among White and Asian women. Viewing the feminization of the dentist workforce through an intersectionality lens exposes the multiple and complex experiences of women, as well as the power dynamics in dentistry. Feminization in dentistry demonstrates the importance of presence, privilege, and power. Based on our assessment of the dentist workforce, dentistry may be less inclusive, despite being perceived as more diverse. Further research should explore how power and privilege may operate in dentistry. Dentistry should embrace intersectionality to provide an inclusive evaluation of equity in the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Effects of Inferred Gender on Patterns of Co‐Authorship in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Publications.
- Author
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Frances, Dachin N., Fitzpatrick, Connor R., Koprivnikar, Janet, and McCauley, Shannon J.
- Subjects
ECOLOGY ,GENDER ,AUTHORSHIP collaboration ,BIOLOGY - Abstract
Senior positions in academia such as tenured faculty and editorial positions often exhibit large gender imbalances across a broad range of research disciplines. The forces driving these imbalances have been the subject of extensive speculation and a more modest body of research. Given the central role publications play in determining individual outcomes and progress in academic settings, unequal patterns of authorship across gender could be a potent driver of observed gender imbalance in academia. Here, we investigate patterns of co‐authorship across four journals in ecology and evolutionary biology at four time‐points spanning four decades. Co‐authorship patterns are of interest because collaborations are important in scientific research, affecting individual researcher productivity, and increasingly, funding opportunities. Based on inferred gender from set criteria, we found significant differences between male and female researchers in their tendency to publish with female co‐authors. Specifically, compared to women, male researchers in the last author position were more likely to co‐author papers with other males. While we did find that the proportion of female co‐authors has increased modestly over the last thirty years, this is strongly correlated with an increase in the average number of authors per paper over time. Additionally, the proportion of female co‐authors on papers remains well below the proportion of PhDs awarded to females in biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Publication records of Australian accounting and finance faculty promoted to full professor, set within an international context.
- Author
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Goodacre, Alan, Gaunt, Clive, and Henry, Darren
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING ,COLLEGE teachers ,GENDER ,ACCOUNTING education ,AUSTRALIANS ,DOCTOR of philosophy degree ,SCHOOL year - Abstract
Australian accounting and finance faculty promoted to full professor required a median 15 papers in ABDC‐listed journals, with 7 at the highest A*/A quality levels. Promotees were typically 44 years old, with 14 years' academic experience including 9 years post‐PhD. Neither gender nor whether promotion was internal/external seemed to affect promotion requirements. Finance professors typically had more publications than accounting professors, though not at the higher quality levels; however, accounting promotees had greater academic experience but a shorter period post‐PhD. Female promotees were typically older than males. Both the volume and quality of pre‐promotion publications have increased over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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