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Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Viewed superficially, Canada and the European Union are both multi-tiered systems with a social identity problem, albeit one arrived at via different routes. This paper examines the extent to which Canada and Canadians might or might not be able to profit from the experience of the EU in respect of social policy development. First, the paper offers an outline review of where the "social dimension and social policy are at" in the EU. This it does with reference to the workings of three distinct processes: attempts at (a) positive activist social reform; (b) negative reform arising from the European Court of Justice's imposition of market compatibility requirements; (c) indirect, de facto pressures towards integration resulting from the demands of adapting to a single market and single currency area. The paper then goes on to review the two main schools proposals for restructuring Canada politically--"reversing the founding process" (a Quebecois/ separatist perspective), as against replacing Canada's federal system with a "pure interstate compact"--in the light of this EU experience. In neither set of cases, as it turns out, does the experience and example of the EU offer promising pointers of relevance to Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The globalized new economy is bound up with transformations of language and identity in many different ways (cf., e.g. Bauman 1997; Castells 2000; Giddens 1990). These include emerging tensions between State-based and corporate identities and language practices, between local, national and supra-national identities and language practices, and between hybridity and uniformity. Ethnolinguistic minorities provide a particularly revealing window into these processes. In this paper, I explore ways in which the globalized new economy has resulted in the commodification of language and identity, sometimes separately, sometimes together. The paper is based on recent ethnographic, sociolinguistic research in francophone areas of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns current transformations in the relationship between political and linguistic ideologies of la francophonie based on a sociolinguistic ethnographic study in a French-language minority school in Canada. A dominant modernist orientation, focussing on unilingual social spaces and the authenticity and integrity of French, is being confronted by an emerging globalizing orientation which emphasizes the value of French as an economic resource, or commodity, and which values both pluralism and a common language. The result is a crisis of legitimacy for francophone institutions, struggles for voice among old and new elites, and the marginalization of the working class speakers of the 'authentic' vernacular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the pressure of globalization we appear to be in the midst of a paradigm shift from a world of nation-states to one in which federalism provides the closest political approximation to the complex diversity of the contemporaryworld. In this context the Forum of Federations, as its first major activity, held an international conference at Mont Tremblant, Quebec, 5-8 October 1999, on 'Federalism in an Era of Globalization'. The articles in this issue of the International Social Science Journal are drawn from among the many presentations and back-ground papers at that conference, and provide an insight into a range of salient issues within contemporary federations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labour market participation and the income of immigrants in the Canadian economy, both as employees and entrepreneurs, is investigated. Special attention is devoted to the situation of those who entered Canada as business immigrants, who have been admitted into the country due to their past accomplishments in managing and establishing businesses in other parts of the world. This programme is based, essentially, on the logic of globalisation, that success in one location can be replicated in another despite different economic and regulatory environments. Using the Canadian Immigration Database, which links the landing records of immigrants with their subsequent tax returns, the economic performance of different types of immigrants to Canada is explored. The data reveal that business immigrants have lower incomes and rates of entrepreneurship than would be expected; in contrast, refugees settling in Canada appear to have higher rates of participation in the Canadian labour market as well as higher incomes. This turn of events suggests that there are critical spatial limits to entrepreneurial success. More precisely, business acumen gained in one location may not apply in another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the resource activities of Canada for global economy. Details on staples and industrialization; Revision of the continentalism principle; Contribution of the continentalism and environmentalism to Canadian globalization.

An examination of how globalization has impacted the cultural landscape of the city of Brooks, Alberta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Globalization and the rise of 'Korean cool' provide middle-class Korean yuhaksaeng (visa students) in Toronto with resources they can mobilize as strategies of distinction. In their construction of themselves as new transnational subjects with hybrid identities that are simultaneously global and Korean, yuhaksaeng deploy re-valued varieties of Korean language and culture as stylistic resources in the globalized new economy. In this process, yuhaksaeng contest their marginal positions as 'FOBs' (Fresh-Off-the-Boats) and 'Nerds' in dominant Western racial discourse, and construct themselves as wealthy, modern, and cosmopolitan 'Cools' vis-à-vis long-term immigrants in local Korean diasporic communities as well as Canadians. The stories of yuhaksaeng illustrate how notions of 'global' and 'local' linguistic resources are transformed under the material conditions of globalization and its structures of inequality. 세계화와 '한국적 쿨'의 등장은 토론토에 거주하는 중산층 한국 유학생들이 차별화를 위해 사용할수 있는 자원을 제공한다. 유학생들은 세계화로 인한 새로운 경제체제에서 새롭게 가치평가된 한국 언어와 문화를, 자신들을 글로벌하면서도 동시에 한국적인 혼성적 정체성을 가진 새로운 초국가적 주체로 스타일링하기 위한 자원으로 활용한다. 이 과정에서 유학생들은 서양의 지배적 인종 담론내에서의 'FOBs' (Fresh-Off-the-Boats) 와 'Nerds' 와 같은 주변인 정체성에 저항하며, 자신들을 토론토에 거주하는 캐나다인들뿐 아니라 오래된 한국이민자들과 대비하여, 부유하고 모던하며 코스모폴리탄적인 '쿨'의 정체성을 형성한다. 이 글에 나타난 유학생들의 이야기는 세계화의 물질적 조건과 그 불평등의 구조 속에서 언어자원의 세계성과 지역성이 어떻게 변형되는지의 사례를 보여준다. [Korean] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, apex courts in Canada, India, and South Africa - which have traditionally been viewed as socio-economic rights friendly - have issued judgments fundamentally at variance with the meaningful protection of socio-economic rights. This jurisprudential turn can be understood as part of a de facto harmonisation of constitutional rights protection in the era of neo-liberal globalisation. These national courts, although dealing with idiosyncratic domestic constitutional systems, have nonetheless begun to articulate analogous conceptions of fundamental rights which are atomistic,'market friendly' and, more broadly, congruent with the narrow neo-liberal conception of rights, and consequently antithetical to the protection of socioeconomic rights. This view of rights is becoming,well established as the hegemonic view and the pre-eminence of this view, taken with the entrenchment of neo-liberal policy prescriptions - and tacit judicial approval of such policies - signals the end, in substantive terms, for the prospect of meaningful protection of socio-economic rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Consejo Consultivo del Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior (CC-IME) is a somewhat unusual transnational organization established and funded by the Mexican government in 2003 as a means of maintaining contact with and serving the Mexican diaspora of almost 12 million in the United States and Canada. The 56 Mexican consulates in the United States and Canada conduct elections (or sometimes appoint) around 120 representatives for three-year terms to serve as an advisory council to represent the needs of the Mexican diaspora before the Mexican government and to strengthen the ties (especially economic and political ties) between the Mexican diaspora in Canada and the United States and the government of Mexico. Previous studies have described the history, purpose, and some of the programs initiated by the Mexican Foreign Ministry (SRE) and the CC-IME. The story of the CC-IME, however, is more than can be understood from the perspective of any one state. As a transnational organization at a particular time in history, its operation reflects the perspectives of a host of different entities. Using qualitative research methods and participant observation, this ongoing study employs Mahler and Pessar's geographies of power framework to identify and explore various power hierarchies and special political characteristics of CC-IME from a variety of perspectives. El Consejo Consultivo del Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior (CC-IME) es una organización transnacional un poco inusual establecida y fundada por el gobierno mexicano en 2003 como un medio para mantener contacto con, y ayudar a, la diáspora mexicana en los Estados Unidos y Canadá que aproxima los 12 millones. Los 56 consulados en ambos países realizan elecciones (o algunas veces designan) cerca de 120 representantes de expatriados mexicanos para periodos de 3 años para servir como un consejo asesor para representar intereses ante el gobierno mexicano y para fortalecer los lazos (especialmente económicos y políticos) entre expatriados y dicho gobierno. Estudios previos han descrito la historia, propósito, y algunos de los programas iniciados por la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) y el CC-IME. La historia del CC-IME, sin embargo, supera lo que puede ser comprendido desde la perspectiva de un estado. Siendo una organización transnacional en un momento particular de la historia, su funcionamiento refleja las perspectivas de una gran diversidad de actores. Utilizando un método cualitativo de investigación y de observación de los participantes, este proyecto (en proceso) utiliza el marco de las geografías del poder de Mahler y Pessar para identificar y explorar varias jerarquías de poder y características políticas especiales del CC-IME desde una variedad de perspectivas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market-driven in its efforts to increase revenue, internationalization at Niagara College Canada is in evidence primarily at the institutional level and marginalized at the academic level. However, a byproduct has been the gradual evolution of internationalized academic programs and curricula as academic staff external to the International Department become more sensitive to and educated in the notion of internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship on immigration and globalization has failed to adequately analyze the nation-state’s regulatory capacities, insisting instead that contemporary patterns of migration jeopardize national sovereignty and territoriality. While recognized that states possess the legitimate authority to control their territorial and membership boundaries, recent transformations of these capacities remain largely unanalyzed. This article’s historical analysis of Australia and Canada’s postwar immigration policies demonstrates that the contours of state regulation are intimately connected to the exigencies of state administration and nation building and—in contrast to the expectations of dominant theories—have intensified and expanded within the globalization context. The literature’s inattention to the fundamentally political nature of immigration has obscured the critical effects of national policies within both the migratory and globalization process. Australia’s and Canada’s contemporary policies constitute a unique model of migration control and reflect attempts by both countries to strategically position their societies within the global system and resolve a number of economic, political, cultural, and demographic transitions associated with globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Globalisation and severe doctor shortages in many countries have resulted in increased numbers of international medical graduates (IMGs) in medical training programmes in major recipient countries such as Canada. Much of the literature on IMGs is written from the perspective of the doctor workforce. Less is known about the recertification training experiences of IMGs in recipient countries. This study aims to describe the recertification training experiences of IMGs in Canada in order to help medical training programmes understand how to facilitate the integration of IMGs into recipient medical communities. Methods A phenomenological (qualitative) research approach was undertaken for this study. International medical graduates undergoing recertification training in order to practise in Canada were individually interviewed about their experiences. Data collection and analysis followed the procedures of interpretive phenomenology. Results Twelve IMGs participated. Analysis of the interviews revealed 4 themes that typified IMG recertification training experiences: training entry barriers; and a 3-phase process of loss, disorientation and adaptation. International medical graduates must complete this 3-phase process in order to feel fully integrated into their professional environments. Conclusions This study provided a description of IMGs’ training experiences during certification for practice in Canada and revealed that these experiences were characterised by a 3-phase process of adjustment. Using this framework, a series of recommendations were proposed for medical training programmes to help IMGs with this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traces the evolution of agricultural cooperatives in Alberta. Brief history of cooperative development; Influence of globalization on cooperatives; Changes in agricultural cooperatives during the 1990s; Types of agricultural cooperatives.

Explores the globalization of Canada. Issues on trade liberalization; Discussion on politics; Ratification of the Canada-United States Auto Pact.

Examines the importance of Internet-based electronic commerce to the globalization of Canada. Capability of Canada to compete with other nations in the field of information and communications technology (ICT); Accessibility of the Internet in rural areas; Comparison between the United States and Canada in terms of ICT.

Investigates the participation of Canada in the global economy. History of globalization efforts; Definition of globalization; Diversity in the construction of the relationship between the country and globalization.

The article discusses the best human resources (HR) practice and the multinational company (MNC). The authors state that there are two debates concerning MNCs. The first one regards the promotion of new forms of work organisation and the second looks at the ways in which national systems of employment regulation can shape any tendency towards a world-wide model of best employment practice. A case study is presented in the article which contains a critical test case of both sides of the arguments.

A content analysis of material generated by the 1994–1995 foreign policy review process in Canada was conducted in an effort to understand how culture came to be officially constituted as the third pillar of Canadian foreign policy. The analysis showed significant differences among actors in terms of modes of legitimization of cultural diplomacy. State agents, by refusing to consider culture as a referent object in a broadened notion of security and by assimilating it into a system of civic values, resisted pressures from academics and groups that favored introducing societal conceptions of culture as relevant for the making o f foreign policy. The result is nevertheless a new, albeit defensive and still ambiguous, form of implication of foreign policy in the cultural mission of the state in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policing of protest at international events conflicts with the political and policing culture of the host nation. Previous research shows a trend toward softer, more tolerant styles of policing protest within various Western democracies. We present a case study of an exception: the repression of protest at an international event in which one Western democracy hosted rulers of less democratic regimes in a ritual celebration of economic globalization. We explore reasons why, in the face of protests about undemocratic regimes elsewhere, the Canadian government and police were willing to use blatantly undemocratic tactics popularly believed to be more characteristic of those other regimes. Implications are discussed concerning protest policing, economic globalization, the nation-state and social movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's comments on how federalism in Canada can be modified in order to help the nation face the international competition set by globalization. According to the author, Canadian government is not prepared for facing a constitutional change that could serve the objective. In conclusion, he suggests trying the 1867 Confederation of Canada, which did not contemplate the need or the desirability of collaboration among federal and provincial governments.

Examines international competitiveness of the Canadian textile and clothing (TC) sector. Adjustment problems within a global economy; Emphasis on Canada-based TC firms' capabilities to prepare for changes; Importance of organizational response mechanisms.