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ABSTRACT The present report demonstrates efficacy of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) to resect and prevent recurrence of experimental skeletal metastasis in a nude-mouse model of human prostate cancer. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing PC-3 human prostate cancer cells were injected into the intramedullary cavity of the tibia in 25 nude mice. One week after implantation, monoclonal antibodies, specific for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), labeled with DyLight 650, were injected into the tail vein of 13 mice. Thirteen mice underwent FGS and 12 mice underwent bright-light surgery (BLS). Weekly GFP fluorescence imaging of the mice was performed to observe tumor recurrence. The extent of residual tumor after BLS was 13-fold greater than after FGS ( p < 0.001). Time-course imaging visualized rapid growth of the residual tumor in the BLS group, whereas the FGS group showed only slight tumor growth and significantly improved disease-free survival of the treated mice. Our study demonstrated that FGS significantly reduced residual tumor as well as the recurrence of experimental prostate-cancer bone metastasis. The present results suggest that FGS will be effective for resection of skeletal metastases in selected patients with prostate cancer. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:559-565, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In order to develop a model for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), 143B human osteosarcoma cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were injected into the intramedullary cavity of the tibia in nude mice. The fluorescent areas of residual tumors after bright-light surgery (BLS) and FGS were 10.2 ± 2.4 mm2 and 0.1 ± 0.1 mm2, respectively ( p < 0.001). The BLS-treated mice and BLS + cisplatinum (CDDP)-treated mice had significant recurrence. In contrast, the FGS mice and FGS + CDDP mice had very little recurring tumor growth. Disease-free survival (DFS) in the BLS-, BLS + CDDP-, FGS-, and FGS + CDDP-treated mice was 12.5%, 37.5%, 75.0%, and 87.5%, respectively. The FGS-treated mice had a significantly higher DFS rate than the BLS-treated mice ( p = 0.021). The FGS + CDDP-treated mice had significantly higher DFS rate than the BLS + CDDP-treated mice ( p = 0.043). Although chemotherapy significantly reduced multiple metastases ( p = 0.033), there was no significant correlation between FGS and lung metastasis. FGS significantly reduced the recurrence of the primary tumor but did not reduce lung metastasis. The combination of FGS and adjuvant CDDP reduced tumor recurrence and prevented multiple metastases. FGS and adjuvant chemotherapy should be performed as early as possible in the disease to prevent both recurrence and metastatic development. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1596-1601, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]