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New Findings: What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate the role of μ-opioid receptors in acute respiratory distress syndrome and whether their protective effect is mediated via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. What is the main finding and its importance? Our findings show that activation of μ-opioid receptors ameliorates lung injury, and the effects are reversed by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin., Abstract: The main pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung and increased permeability of vascular endothelial cells. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor, which stimulates angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell proliferation. In addition, the MOR inhibits cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. In this study, we aimed to explore the contribution of the MOR in ARDS and whether its effects are mediated via PI3K/Akt signalling. An ARDS model was established by intratracheal instillation of 5 mg kg -1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung injury was confirmed by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, lung wet/dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations, myeloperoxidase activity and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression. Lung inflammation was determined by assessment of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α concentrations. The protein level of p-Akt was detected by western blot. Endomorphin-1-activated MORs attenuated LPS-induced lung injury, lung wet/dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations, myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α levels and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression, and elevated LPS-induced decreased p-Akt expression. However, the protective effect of MOR activation on lung injury was reversed by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin. In conclusion, MOR involvement in LPS-induced ARDS is via the PI3K/Akt pathway., (© 2019 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2019 The Physiological Society.)

Lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides vulgatus represent interesting targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, efficient access to long, branched and complex lipopolysaccharides remains challenging. Herein, we report the modular synthesis of a tridecasaccharide from Bacteroides vulgates through an orthogonal one‐pot glycosylation strategy based on glycosyl ortho‐(1‐phenylvinyl)benzoates, which avoids the issues of thioglycoside‐based one‐pot synthesis. Our approach also features: 1) 5,7‐O‐di‐tert‐butylsilylene‐directed glycosylation for stereoselective construction of the α‐Kdo linkage; 2) hydrogen‐bond‐mediated aglycone delivery for the stereoselective formation of β‐mannosidic bonds; 3) remote anchimeric assistance for stereoselective assembly of the α‐fucosyl linkage; 4) several orthogonal one‐pot synthetic steps and strategic use of orthogonal protecting groups to streamline oligosaccharide assembly; 5) convergent [1+6+6] one‐pot synthesis of the target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inside Cover: Modular Synthesis of a Tridecasaccharide Motif of Bacteroides vulgatus Lipopolysaccharides against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases through an Orthogonal One-Pot Glycosylation Strategy (Angew. Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Activity; Lipopolysaccharides; Oligosaccharide Synthesis; Orthogonal One-Pot Glycosylation; Stereoselectivity EN Anti-Inflammatory Activity Lipopolysaccharides Oligosaccharide Synthesis Orthogonal One-Pot Glycosylation Stereoselectivity 1 1 1 05/16/23 20230522 NES 230522 B Lipopolysaccharides b from I Bacteroides vulgatus i represent interesting targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Lipopolysaccharides, Oligosaccharide Synthesis, Orthogonal One-Pot Glycosylation, Stereoselectivity. [Extracted from the article]

In their Research Article (e202301351), Guozhi Xiao and co-workers accomplished the first synthesis of a tridecasaccharide motif from I Bacteroides vulgatus i lipopolysaccharides by a strategy involving orthogonal one-pot glycosylation reactions based on glycosyl I ortho i -(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates, which avoided issues such as aglycone transfer and the unpleasant odor of thioglycoside-based orthogonal one-pot glycosylation. Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Lipopolysaccharides, Oligosaccharide Synthesis, Orthogonal One-Pot Glycosylation, Stereoselectivity Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Activity; Lipopolysaccharides; Oligosaccharide Synthesis; Orthogonal One-Pot Glycosylation; Stereoselectivity EN Anti-Inflammatory Activity Lipopolysaccharides Oligosaccharide Synthesis Orthogonal One-Pot Glycosylation Stereoselectivity 1 1 1 05/16/23 20230522 NES 230522 B Lipopolysaccharides b from I Bacteroides vulgatus i represent interesting targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. [Extracted from the article]