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Regulation of excessive inflammation and impaired cell proliferation is crucial for healing diabetic wounds. Although plant‐to‐mammalian regulation offers effective approaches for chronic wound management, the development of a potent plant‐based therapeutic presents challenges. This study aims to validate the efficacy of turmeric‐derived nanoparticles (TDNPs) loaded with natural bioactive compounds. TDNPs can alleviate oxidative stress, promote fibroblast proliferation and migration, and reprogram macrophage polarization. Restoration of the fibroblast–macrophage communication network by TDNPs stimulates cellular regeneration, in turn enhancing diabetic wound healing. To address diabetic wound management, TDNPs are loaded in an ultralight‐weight, high swelling ratio, breathable aerogel (AG) constructed with cellulose nanofibers and sodium alginate backbones to obtain TDNPs@AG (TAG). TAG features wound shape‐customized accessibility, water‐adaptable tissue adhesiveness, and capacity for sustained release of TDNPs, exhibiting outstanding performance in facilitating in vivo diabetic wound healing. This study highlights the potential of TDNPs in regenerative medicine and their applicability as a promising solution for wound healing in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Antarctic krill peptide (AKP) has gained considerable interest because of its multiple biological functions. However, its application may be limited by its poor stability and susceptibility to degradation. Encapsulation of AKP using a nanoparticle delivery system is an effective way to overcome these problems. In the present study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chitosan (CS) were used as delivery vehicles to encapsulate AKP.The results revealed that the particle size (83.3 ± 4.4–222.4 ± 32.7 nm) and zeta‐potential (35.1 ± 0.7–45.0 ± 2.7 mV) of nanoparticles (NPs) increased with the increasing content of BSA, but the polydispersity index decreased (1.000 ± 0.002 to 0.306 ± 0.011). Hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were the main forces to form BSA/CS‐AKP NPs. X‐ray diffraction revealed that AKP was encapsulated by BSA/CS. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited that the NPs were spherical in shape, uniform in size and tightly bound. BSA/CS‐AKP NPs exhibited excellent stability in the pH range (2–5) and after 15 days of storage, and could hinder the release of AKP in simulated gastric environment and promote the release of AKP in simulated intestinal environment. After simulated digestion, the hypoglycemic activity of encapsulated AKP was better than that of unencapsulated AKP.Our results revealed that the BSA/CS showed great potential for protecting and delivering AKP. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) holographic microscopy exploits surface plasmon wave as illumination and acquires both SPR intensity and phase images. It detects extremely tiny variations of weakly interacting objects owing to high sensitivity and has been applied in cell biology, material science, surface chemistry, etc. However, it is very challenging to solve the problem of poor spatial resolution due to the transverse propagation of surface plasmon wave. In this paper, an azimuthal scanning excitation method is proposed in SPR holographic microscopy to improve the spatial resolution by engineering the Fourier spectra of SPR images from dual‐arc to circular shape. The study modulates the light field with spatial position, wavevector, and polarization to realize azimuthal scanning excitation of SPR. Systematic experiments of dielectric spheres, nanowires, two‐dimension materials, and complex nanostructure are conducted to show the resolution improvement with one order of magnitude, the higher detection sensitivity of SPR phase than that of SPR intensity, and the necessities of both of high‐resolution SPR intensity and phase images to retrieve sample information in certain scenarios. Benefiting from the high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution, the proposed microscopy will find wide applications in nanoparticle analysis, low‐dimensional material characterization, and imaging extremely thin or transparent samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: ZnO nanoparticles (nps) among metal oxide (MOs) are proven to be essential electron transporting layers (ETLs) applied in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, intrinsic defects, interfacial charge recombination, and catalytic behavior towards the active layer restrict the applications of ZnO nps for efficient and long‐term stable OSCs. The commonly available biomolecule cytidine 5'‐monophosphate (CMP‐OH) with phosphonic acid, its salt cytidine 5'‐monophosphate disodium salt (CMP‐ONa) with a phosphate group as an anchoring group and conjugated terminal functional in both analogous molecules provide carrier transfer bridge at bottom interface of the active layer. Systematized theoretical investigations and characterizations have discovered the multi‐site coordination of CMP‐OH towards acceptor molecules and ZnO nps. The dual‐side alignment of CMP analogous molecules hinders interfacial charge recombination and enhances charge transfer potential at once. Inevitably, PM6:L8‐BO‐based OSCs with modified ETL obtain 18.13% efficiency, 12% higher than that of unmodified nps. Besides higher efficiency, CMP‐OH‐based OSC devices illustrate remarkably improved thermal stability for 500 h at 85 °C with 72% of initial PCE and operation stability for 2000 h with 90.1% of initial PCE. This work reveals the passivation mechanism of multi‐anchoring groups towards MOs and single‐functional groups towards the active layer to optimize the interface for efficient and highly stable OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing environmentally friendly and high‐performing viable waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) is critical but significantly challenging. Herein, we combine electrospinning and electro‐spraying methods. First, elastic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is used as the polymer, and poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) with low surface energy is introduced to prepare TPU/PMHS fiber‐based membranes by electrospinning. Electro‐spraying is performed using a dilute solution of TPU/PMHS/SiO2, with fluorine‐free hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles introduced to facilitate the construction of a rough lotus‐leaf‐like surface structure, ultimately obtaining TPU/PMHS/SiO2 WBMs with bead‐on‐string fiber binary structures and a strong water repellency. The results indicate that the TPU/PMHS/SiO2 WBMs comprise a three‐dimensional porous structure formed by randomly arranged fibers and a lotus biomimetic structure consisting of bead‐like fibers, providing the membrane with excellent mechanical properties and waterproof breathability, including a tensile strength of 15.8 MPa, static water pressure of 33 kPa, water vapor transmission rate of 5169 g m−2 d−1, and contact angle of 142°. Additionally, the fiber membrane exhibits an excellent strain recovery after 1000 cycles of cyclic stretching under 100% strain, verifying the excellent elastic properties of the TPU/PMHS/SiO2 WBMs. This simple preparation process and unique composite structure can facilitate the design and preparation of environmentally friendly, waterproof, and breathable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tribological behaviors of nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted widespread attention in the fields of nano‐lubrication and ultra‐precision manufacturing. The frictional and dynamic behaviors of SiO2 NPs acting with the single asperity were studied on silicon surface utilizing atomic force microscope. The friction forces of NPs, both static and kinetic, exhibit an initial decrease followed by an increase as the normal load increases (0–300 nN). The nonmonotonic load‐dependence of friction behavior corresponds to the dynamic transformation of "sliding‐rolling‐sliding" motion state of the manipulated NPs, which can be predicted by a Double‐Hertz model and further confirmed by nanoindentation‐marked NPs. This research has a significant implication for regulating dynamic behaviors of NPs in contemporary three‐body abrasive tribology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of stable, efficient, and low‐cost catalysts toward ammonia borane hydrolysis is of vital significance for the practical implementation of this hydrogen production technology. Integrating interface engineering and nano‐architecture engineering is a favorable strategy to elevate catalytic performance, as it can modify the electronic structure and provide sufficient active sites simultaneously. In this work, urchin‐like NiCoP/CoP heterostructures are prepared via a three‐step hydrothermal‐oxidation‐phosphorization synthesis route. It is demonstrated that the original Ni/Co molar ratio and the amount of phosphorus are crucial for adjusting the morphology, enhancing the exposed surface area, facilitating charge transfer, and modulating the adsorption and activation of H2O molecules. Consequently, the optimal Ni1Co2P heterostructure displays remarkable catalytic properties in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 30.3 molH2 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ molmetal−1, a low apparent activation energy of 25.89 kJ ⋅ mol−1, and good stability. Furthermore, by combining infrared spectroscopy and isotope kinetics experiments, a possible mechanism for the hydrolysis of ammonia borane was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is an exceptional reactive oxygen species in advanced oxidation processes for environmental remediation. Despite single‐atom catalysts (SACs) representing the promising candidate for the selective generation of 1O2 from peroxymonosulfate (PMS), the necessity to meticulously regulate the coordination environment of metal centers poses a significant challenge in the precisely‐controlled synthetic method. Another dilemma to SACs is their high surface free energy, which results in an inherent tendency for the surface migration and aggregation of metal atoms. We here for the first time reported that Ru nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by the facile pyrolysis method behave as robust Fenton‐like catalysts, outperforming Ru SACs, towards efficient activation of PMS to produce 1O2 with nearly 100 % selectivity, remarkably improving the degradation efficiency for target pollutants. Density functional theory calculations have unveiled that the boosted PMS activation can be attributed to two aspects: (i) enhanced adsorption of PMS molecules onto Ru NPs, and (ii) decreased energy barriers by offering adjacent sites for promoted dimerization of *O intermediates into adsorbed 1O2. This study deepens the current understanding of PMS chemistry, and sheds light on the design and optimization of Fenton‐like catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modulating metal‐metal and metal‐support interactions is one of the potent tools for augmenting catalytic performance. Herein, highly active Co/VN nanoparticles are well dispersed on three‐dimensional porous carbon nanofoam (Co/VN@NC) with the assistance of dicyandiamide. Studies certify that the consequential disordered carbon substrate reinforces the confinement of electrons, while the coupling of diverse components optimizes charge redistribution among species. Besides, theoretical analyses confirm that the regulated electron configuration can significantly tune the binding strength between the active sites and intermediates, thus optimizing reaction energy barriers. Therefore, Co/VN@NC exhibits a competitive potential difference (ΔE, 0.65 V) between the half‐wave potential of ORR and OER potential at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming Pt/C+RuO2 (0.67 V). Further, catalyst‐based aqueous/flexible ZABs present superior performances with peak power densities of 156 and 85 mW cm−2, superior to Pt/C‐based counterparts (128 and 73 mW cm−2). This research provides a pivotal foundation for the evolution of bifunctional catalysts in the energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra‐high‐temperature flash Joule‐heating of organometallic precursor‐embedded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel represents a highly efficient approach for the ultrafast production of nanocatalysts, while such a methodology has been scarcely applied to 3D nanocarbon‐based aerogel monoliths. Herein, we demonstrate the rapid synthesis of MoO2 nanoparticles within the aerogel matrix via a 1‐s high‐temperature flash Joule‐heating process (~1700°C), resulting in the formation of the hybrid MoO2@rGO aerogel with uniformly distributed nanoparticles. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis indicates discernible internal microstructural disparities attributed to the additional 1‐s flash‐heating and the substantial generation of MoO2 nanoparticles. This aerogel exhibits exceptional catalytic functionality, achieving up to 99.8% efficiency in converting dibenzothiophene to dibenzothiophene sulfone. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the catalytic mechanism, revealing that the Mo center shows accumulated electron density contributed from the electron‐rich graphene substrate. This electron density enhancement significantly enhances the catalytic activity, enabling deep desulfurization. The proposed flash nanocatalyst synthesis approach presented here can be extended to fabricate multimetallic nanocatalysts and high‐entropy alloys within the cylindrical aerogel entity, exhibiting great potential for applications in industry‐relevant flow chemistry, electrochemistry, industrial catalysis, and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The application of curcumin (Cur) in the food industry is usually limited by its low water solubility and poor stability. This study aimed to fabricate self‐assembled nanoparticles using pea vicilin (7S) through a pH‐shifting method (pH 7–pH 12–pH 7) to develop water‐soluble nanocarriers of Cur. RESULTS: Intrinsic fluorescence, far‐UV circular dichroism spectra and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the structure of 7S could be unfolded at pH 12.0 and refolded when the pH shifted to 7.0. The assembled 7S–Cur exhibited a high loading ability of 81.63 μg mg−1 for Cur and homogeneous particle distribution. Cur was encapsulated in the 7S hydrophobic nucleus in an amorphous form and combined through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, resulting in the static fluorescence quenching of 7S. Compared with free Cur, the retention rates of Cur in 7S–Cur were approximately 1.12 and 1.70 times higher under UV exposure at 365 nm or heating at 75 °C for 120 min, respectively, as well as 7S–Cur showing approximately 1.50 times higher antioxidant activity. During simulated gastrointestinal experiments, 7S–Cur exhibited a better sustained‐release property than free Cur. CONCLUSION: The self‐assembled 7S nanocarriers prepared using a pH‐shifting method effectively improved the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of Cur. Therefore, 7S isolated from pea protein could be used as potential nanocarriers for Cur. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Protein‐based nanoparticles have gained considerable interest in recent years due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functional properties. However, nanoparticles formed from hydrophobic proteins are prone to instability under environmental stress, which restricts their potential applications. It is therefore of great importance to develop green approaches for the fabrication of hydrophobic protein‐based nanoparticles and to improve their physicochemical performance. RESULTS: Gliadin/shellac complex nanoparticles (168.87 ~ 403.67 nm) with various gliadin/shellac mass ratios (10:0 ~ 5:5) were prepared using a pH‐driven approach. In comparison with gliadin nanoparticles, complex nanoparticles have shown enhanced stability against neutral pH, ions, and boiling. They remained stable under neutral conditions at NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mmol L−1 and even when boiled at 100 °C for 90 min. These nanoparticles were capable of effectively reducing oil–water interfacial tension (5 ~ 11 mNm−1) but a higher amount of shellac in the nanoparticles compromised their ability to lower interfacial tension. Moreover, the wettability of the nanoparticles changed as the gliadin/shellac mass ratio changed, leading to a range of three‐phase contact angles from 52.41° to 84.85°. Notably, complex nanoparticles with a gliadin/shellac mass ratio of 8:2 (G/S 8:2) showed a contact angle of 84.85°, which is considered suitable for the Pickering stabilization mechanism. Moreover, these nanoparticles exhibited the highest emulsifying activity of 52.42 m2 g−1 and emulsifying stability of 65.33%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study revealed that gliadin/shellac complex nanoparticles exhibited excellent resistance to environmental stress and demonstrated superior oil–water interfacial behavior. They have strong potential for further development as food emulsifiers or as nano‐delivery systems for nutraceuticals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the critical need for precise and accurate prediction of intra‐tumor heterogeneity related to the enhanced permeability and retention effect and spatial distribution of nanoprobes is addressed for the development of effective nanodrug delivery strategies. Current predictive models are limited in terms of resolution and accuracy, prompting the construction of a high‐resolution prediction network (HRPN) that estimates the microdistribution of quantum dots, factoring in tumor vascular and nuclear features. The HRPN algorithm is trained using 27 780 patches and validated on 4920 patches derived from 4T1 breast cancer whole‐slide images, demonstrating its reliability. The HRPN model exhibits minimal error (mean square error = 1.434, root mean square error = 1.198), satisfactory goodness of fit (R2 = 0.891), and superior image quality (peak signal‐to‐noise ratio = 44.548) when compared to a generative‐adversarial‐network‐structured model. Furthermore, the HRPN model offers improved prediction accuracy, broader prediction intervals, and reduced computational resource requirements. Consequently, the proposed model yields high‐resolution predictions that more closely resemble actual tumor microdistributions, potentially serving as a powerful analytical tool for investigating the spatial relationship between the tumor microenvironment and nanoprobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, a simple method combining atomic layer deposition and magnetron sputtering is developed to fabricate high‐performance Pd/SnO2 film patterns applied for micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) H2 sensing chips. SnO2 film is first accurately deposited in the central areas of MEMS micro hotplate arrays by a mask‐assistant method, leading the patterns with wafer‐level high consistency in thickness. The grain size and density of Pd nanoparticles modified on the surface of the SnO2 film are further regulated to obtain an optimized sensing performance. The resulting MEMS H2 sensing chips show a wide detection range from 0.5 to 500 ppm, high resolution, and good repeatability. Based on the experiments and density functional theory calculations, a sensing enhancement mechanism is also proposed: a certain amount of Pd nanoparticles modified on the SnO2 surface could bring stronger H2 adsorption followed by dissociation, diffusion, and reaction with surface adsorbed oxygen species. Obviously, the method provided here is quite simple and effective for the manufacturing of MEMS H2 sensing chips with high consistency and optimized performance, which may also find broad applications in other MEMS chip technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer (BC) is crucial during the BC progression, the mechanism involved in the invasion transition behind triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) and estrogen receptor‐positive (ER‐positive) subtype has remained elusive. This article detected distinct invasion patterns of BC cells between the ER‐positive and TNBC using intraductal murine models with intraductal administration of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). First, the feasibility of the utility of CNPs as a tracer was proved. The area ratio of CNPs and tumor cells invading the stroma at the late stage was found significantly higher than that in the early stage in MNU‐induced ER‐positive BC. However, opposite results were obtained in the triple‐negative model. Consequently, we proposed that the ER‐positive phenotype cells behave differently between different stages during tumor progression while there is no such difference in the invasion process of TNBC cells. The analysis regarding the duct integrity along with immunohistochemical characteristics further explained the distinct invasion features between the ER‐positive and triple‐negative subtypes. Last, the relationship between the duct thickness and the duct integrity suggested that ER‐positive tumors gradually increased in size within the lumen before the invasion. Overall, this study suggested the different invasion characteristics of ER‐positive BC and TNBC in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkenylboronates are highly versatile building blocks and valuable reagents in the synthesis of complex molecules. Compared with that of monosubstituted alkenylboronates, the synthesis of multisubstituted alkenylboronates is challenging. The copper‐catalyzed carboboration of alkynes is an operationally simple and straightforward method for synthesizing bis/trisubstituted alkenylboronates. In this work, a series of copper‐metallized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligand porous polymer catalysts are designed and synthesized in accordance with the mechanism of carboboration. By using CuCl@POL‐NHC‐Ph as the optimal nanocatalyst, this study realizes the β‐regio‐ and stereoselective (syn‐addition) 1,2‐carboboration of alkynes (regioselectivity up to >99:1) with satisfactory yields and a wide range of substrates. This work not only overcomes the selectivity of carboboration but also provides a new strategy for the design of nanocatalysts and their application in organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The use of rutin in the food industry is limited by its poor solubility. Encapsulation can be used as an effective way to improve polyphenol solubility. Proteins with high safety, biocompatibility and multiple binding sites are known as the most promising encapsulating carriers. Therefore, the improvement of rutin solubility by pH‐driven encapsulation of rutin in soy protein isolate (SPI) nanoparticles, as well as the form of rutin after encapsulation and rutin–protein binding index were investigated. RESULTS: SPI had a high encapsulation efficiency (87.5%) and loading amount (10.6%) for rutin. When the mass ratio of protein to rutin was 5:1, the highest concentration of rutin in solution was 3.27 g L−1, which was a 51.57‐fold increase compared to the original rutin. At this situation, rutin transformed from crystalline to amorphous form. During the formation of nanoparticles, SPI was in a dynamic change of unfolding and refolding. Rutin deprotonated in alkaline conditions increasing its solubility and bound to protein to form nanoparticles during the process of returning to neutral. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding promoted the formation of the nanoparticles and there were at least 1–2 binding sites between rutin and each SPI molecule. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that encapsulation of rutin in protein nanoparticles can effectively increase the solubility of rutin. This study may provide important information for the effective utilization of polyphenol functional foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nitrite (NO2−) reduction reaction (NO2−RR) presents a sustainable approach for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia (NH3), concurrently facilitating the removal of NO2− contaminants. Developing NO2−RR electrocatalysts with high NH3 selectivity and satisfactory NH3 yield poses a significant challenge. Herein, we present Fe nanoparticles decorated pinewood‐derived carbon (Fe/PC) as a highly proficient electrocatalyst for the conversion of NO2− to NH3. The well‐designed Fe/PC electrocatalyst achieves an impressive NH3 yield of 21924.6 μg h−1 cm−2 and a high Faradic efficiency of 91.5 % under ambient conditions. Notably, the Fe/PC catalyst exhibits robust stability in both prolonged electrolysis and cyclic electrolysis assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: In this study, a novel approach is proposed to achieve the uniformly dispersed Ru nanoparticles with N coordination loaded on three‐dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous carbon (3DOMMC) through simultaneous pyrolysis of Ru3+ and cyanamide on 3DOMMC. In an alkaline medium, the synthesized catalysts exhibit exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Specifically, Ru‐N/3DOMMC demonstrates a significantly low overpotential of 13.8 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm–2, and it exhibits a mass activity 17.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. The outstanding performance could be attributed to the ultrahigh Ru dispersion and more efficient contact between active sites and reactant, which derived from the large specific surface area and interconnective three‐dimensionally macro/mesopores of 3DOMMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: In this study, a novel approach is proposed to achieve the uniformly dispersed Ru nanoparticles with N coordination loaded on three‐dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous carbon (3DOMMC) through simultaneous pyrolysis of Ru3+ and cyanamide on 3DOMMC. In an alkaline medium, the synthesized catalysts exhibit exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Specifically, Ru‐N/3DOMMC demonstrates a significantly low overpotential of 13.8 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm–2, and it exhibits a mass activity 17.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. The outstanding performance could be attributed to the ultrahigh Ru dispersion and more efficient contact between active sites and reactant, which derived from the large specific surface area and interconnective three‐dimensionally macro/mesopores of 3DOMMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is a systemic pathophysiological condition contributing to the development of majority of polyvascular diseases. Nanomedicine is a novel and rapidly developing science. Due to their small size, nanoparticles are freely transported in vasculature, and have been widely employed as tools in analytical imaging techniques. Furthermore, the application of nanoparticles also allows target intervention, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering regenerative methods, in the management of major vascular diseases. Therefore, by summarizing the physical and chemical characteristics of common nanoparticles used in diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases, we discuss the details of these applications from cellular, molecular, and in vivo perspectives in this review. Furthermore, we also summarize the status and challenges of the application of nanoparticles in clinical translation. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular DiseaseImplantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and ImplantsTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurodegenerative disease caused by mechanical and biological factors, manifesting as a loss of motor and sensory functions. Inhibition of injury expansion and even reversal of injury in the acute damage stage of SCI are important strategies for treating this disease. Hydrogels and nanoparticle (NP)‐based drugs are the most effective, widely studied, and clinically valuable therapeutic strategies in the field of repair and regeneration. Hydrogels are 3D flow structures that fill the pathological gaps in SCI and provide a microenvironment similar to that of the spinal cord extracellular matrix for nerve cell regeneration. NP‐based drugs can easily penetrate the blood‐spinal cord barrier, target SCI lesions, and are noninvasive. Hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers can be loaded with various drugs and biological therapeutic factors for slow release in SCI lesions. They help drugs function more efficiently by exerting anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and nerve regeneration effects to promote the recovery of neurological function. In this review, the use of hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers and the role of both in the repair of SCI are discussed to provide a multimodal strategic reference for nerve repair and regeneration after SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic stroke is a refractory disease that endangers human health and safety owing to cerebral ischemia. Brain ischemia induces a series of inflammatory reactions. Neutrophils migrate from the circulatory system to the site of cerebral ischemia and accumulate in large numbers at the site of inflammation across the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, hitchhiking on neutrophils to deliver drugs to ischemic brain sites could be an optimal strategy. Since the surface of neutrophils has a formyl peptide receptor (FPR), this work modifies a nanoplatform surface by the peptide cinnamyl‐F‐(D)L‐F‐(D)L‐F (CFLFLF), which can specifically bind to the FPR receptor. After intravenous injection, the fabricated nanoparticles effectively adhered to the surface of neutrophils in peripheral blood mediated by FPR, thereby hitchhiking with neutrophils to achieve higher accumulation at the inflammatory site of cerebral ischemia. In addition, the nanoparticle shell is composed of a polymer with reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive bond breaking and is encased in ligustrazine, a natural product with neuroprotective properties. In conclusion, the strategy of hitching the delivered drugs to neutrophils in this study could improve drug enrichment in the brain, thereby providing a general delivery platform for ischemic stroke or other inflammation‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroreduction of nitrite (NO2−) to ammonia (NH3) provides a sustainable approach to yield NH3, whilst eliminating NO2− contaminants. In this study, Ni nanoparticles strutted 3D honeycomb‐like porous carbon framework (Ni@HPCF) is fabricated as a high‐efficiency electrocatalyst for selective reduction of NO2− to NH3. In 0.1 M NaOH with NO2−, such Ni@HPCF electrode obtains a significant NH3 yield of 12.04 mg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 95.1 %. Furthermore, it exhibits good long‐term electrolysis stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) would allow the production of renewable high‐capacity rechargeable lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries using sustainable and nontoxic elemental sulfur as a cathode material, but its slow reaction rate causes a serious shuttle effect and dramatically reduces the capacity. We found that a catalyst composed of Pd nanoparticles supported by ordered mesoporous carbon (Pd/OMC) had a high reaction rate in the SRR, and a Li‐S battery assembled with this catalyst had a low shuttle constant of 0.031 h−1 and a high‐rate performance with a specific capacity of 1527 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C which is close to the theoretical value. The high activity of Pd/OMC with a d‐orbital vacancy of 0.87 e was predicted from a volcano relationship between the d charge for the metal and the adsorption activation entropy and reaction rate for the SRR by examining Pd, Au, Pt, Rh, and Ru transition‐metal nanocatalysts. The strategy of using a single electronic structure descriptor to design high‐efficiency SRR catalysts has suggested a way to produce practical Li‐S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐efficiency and good biocompatible photothermal therapy platforms is conducive to avoiding the risks of nano‐preparations in vivo. The poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) indicated good biodegradability and biocompatibility. Inspired by natural melanin and the extraordinary nontoxic mussel biopolymer, polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) with photothermal efficacy have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we performed the study of blended PDA/PLLA and coated PDA@PLLA electrospun nanofibers (ESNFs) for photothermal therapy. In photothermal experiment, the PDA@PLLA ESNF displayed higher light‐to‐heat conversion and photothermal stability than that of PDA/PLLA and PLLA ESNF. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments tested that three kinds of ESNF exhibited low toxicity and outstanding biocompatibility. Moreover, the PDA@PLLA ESNF showed better property for the cell proliferation due to the rough surface and good hydrophilicity. The in vivo photothermal potentiality of the PLLA, PDA/PLA and PDA@PLLA ESNF was evaluated in nude mice of inoculating the tumor, in which the PDA/PLA and PDA@PLLA ESNF significantly inhibited the tumor increasing compared to control group. Especially, the PDA@PLLA ESNF showed better photothermal therapy, which made the tumor irreversible ablate at local tumor tissue. These results stand out the usage of PDA@PLLA ESNF as potential photothermal therapy material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, is responsible for ≈17.6 million deaths globally each year. Most therapeutic drugs for atherosclerosis have low delivery efficiencies and significant side effects, and this has hampered the development of effective treatment strategies. Diversified nanomaterials can improve drug properties and are considered to be key for the development of improved treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. The pathological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis is summarized, rationally designed nanoparticle-mediated therapeutic strategies, and potential future therapeutic targets for nanodelivery. The content of this study reveals the potential and challenges of nanoparticle use for the treatment of atherosclerosis and highlights new effective design ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a nanosystem that can perform multimodal imaging-guided combination therapy is highly desirable but challenging. In this study, we introduced multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of graphene oxide-grafted hollow mesoporous organosilica loaded with the drug doxorubicin (DOX) and photosensitizers tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). These NPs were encapsulated by thermosensitive liposomes that release their contents once the temperature exceeds a certain threshold. Metal oxide NPs grown on the graphene oxide (GO) surface served multiple roles, including enhancing photothermal efficiency, acting as contrast agents to improve magnetic resonance imaging, increasing the sensitivity and specificity of photoacoustic imaging, and catalysing hydrogen peroxide for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When locally injected, the HMONs-rNGO@Fe3O4/MnOx@FA/DOX/TPP NPs effectively enriched in subcutaneous Hela cell tumour of mice. The photothermal/photodynamic/chemo combination therapy triggered by near-infrared (NIR) successfully suppressed the tumour without noticeable side effects. This study presented a unique approach to develop multimodal imaging-guided combination therapy for cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid construction of water electrolysis catalysts by a sacrificing template in an electrochemical environment is rarely a concern. Herein, using a fluorine‐rich (F‐rich) nickel fluoride (NiF2) grown on nickel foam (NF) as a sacrificial template, a highly effective alkaline catalyst is designed. In terms of in situ reassembling, the NiF2 template can be transformed into nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively, after only 100 CV cycles, on account of the rapid ion exchange of F− and OH− in an electrochemical environment. Due to the presence of nanocatalytic units, abundant lattice defects, and porous large specific surface structures caused by the reconstruction, it only takes low overpotentials of 57 mV for HER and 228 mV for OER (@10 mA cm−2), with outstanding stability up to 15 d (@100 mA cm−2). Consequently, only a low cell voltage of 1.53 V (@10 mA cm−2) is needed for overall water splitting, superior to commercial noble metal catalysts as benchmarks. Meanwhile, it can output stable current densities of 10, 100, and 500 mA cm−2 approaching 10 d under constant cell voltages of 1.55, 2.0, and 2.5 V, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a conjugated oligomer is reported possessing a unique U‐shaped molecular geometry, which significantly affects the intramolecular charge transfer and modulates the fluorescence properties. Upon excitation, it displays blue/red dual emission, which is very sensitive to the polarity and viscosity of solvents. After being incorporated into Pluronic F127 micelles, a dramatic fluorescence enhancement is found in its red emission (up to 27‐fold) along with a stable blue emission at elevated temperature. Accordingly, the emissive micelles are successfully explored as a reliable ratiometric nanothermometer both in solution and in cellular environment. Moreover, compared to nanoparticle counterpart prepared by classical nanoprecipitation, the conjugated oligomer/F127 micelles exhibit a remarkable improvement in photo‐triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and photodynamic killing behavior on cancer cells. The current study will help researchers to further understand the structure–property relationship of π‐conjugated fluorophores and design various nanomaterials with promising potential for simultaneous diagnostic and treatment on cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both exosomes and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in tumor growth. Hsa_circ_0001492 (circERBB2IP) has been reported to be overexpressed in plasma exosomes from patients with lung adenocarcinoma, but the biological role of exosomal circERBB2IP in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is indistinct. Methods: Exosomes isolated from serums and medium samples were validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. Relative expression of circERBB2IP was detected by RT‐qPCR. Loss‐of‐function was done to determine the effect of circERBB2IP on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. Molecular mechanisms associated with circERBB2IP were predicted by bioinformatic analysis and validated by dual‐luciferase reporter, RIP, and RNA pulldown assays. In vivo experiments were performed to identify the function of circERBB2IP in NSCLC. Results: We discovered that circERBB2IP expression was correlated with TNM grade, lymph node metastasis and tumor size of NSCLC patients. Upregulation of circERBB2IP was observed in exosomes derived from NSCLC patient's serum and circERBB2IP might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC. CircERBB2IP was transmitted between carcinoma cells through exosomes. Knockdown of circERBB2IP lowered cell growth in mouse models and restrained NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. CircERBB2IP could mediate PSAT1 expression via sponging miR‐5195‐3p. Conclusion: In conclusion, circERBB2IP may drive NSCLC growth by the miR‐5195‐3p/PSAT1 axis in NSCLC, shedding light on a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death and disability in people of all ages worldwide. Neuroinflammation plays beneficial and harmful roles in secondary brain injury. Neutrophils play an important role in chemically mediated inflammatory responses through myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammation triggered by TBI. Herein, a nanodrug targeting neutrophils and MPO through chemical and biological functions after TBI is designed to enhance the retention and sustained release of drug cargos for improved TBI therapy. 5‐Hydroxytryptamide (5‐HT) is modified on nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant natural product, hesperetin, to obtain MPO‐ and neutrophil‐targeting NPs, denoted as T‐Hes. In a mouse TBI model, it is confirmed that neutrophil‐targeting NPs can quickly accumulate and remain in the brain tissue, reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors, and the level of microglia and astrocytes, subsequently inducing the transformation of microglia from pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2 cells and promoting the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs). T‐Hes significantly inhibits neuroinflammation and improves neurological deficits through the sustained release of hesperetin in the brain. The findings may open up new avenues for designing clinically translatable probes for TBI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ball milling treatment is a low‐cost and achievable large‐scale production method for preparing the composite powder used for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. For the ball‐milled composite powder, good powder spreadability and composition homogeneity are essential for obtaining the LPBF‐fabricated part with good forming quality. In this article, the Nb and B nanoparticles modified TiAl4822 composite powder with a nominal composition of Ti‐47.53Al‐1.98Cr‐2.81Nb‐0.15B are prepared via ball milling. It is found that the physical properties of the composite powder are more sensitive to the milling time than the milling speed and ball‐to‐powder ratio. Long‐time milling is inclined to cause the formation of broken particles, poor powder flowability, and high oxygen contamination. Besides, the process maps between the ball milling energy Et and particle size distribution width, the static angle of repose, composition inhomogeneity, and oxygen content are established, respectively. Results show that when the applied Et is insufficient or excessive, the degree of sphericity or composition homogeneity always worsens. In these cases, deposition defects such as line or area defects are more prone to occur, due to the enhanced particle rearrangement resistance induced by the addition of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploiting effective non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, we designed and fabricated Co nanoparticles confined in Mo/N co‐doped polyhedral carbon frameworks (Co‐NP/MNCF) derived from polyoxometalate‐encapsuled metal–organic framework, which showed comparable ORR performance with commercial Pt/C and a larger diffusion‐limited current density. Moreover, the Co‐NP/MNCF also exhibited excellent ORR stability and methanol tolerance. These appealing performances can be attributed to the porosity regulation and heteroatom doping of metal–organic framework derived polyhedral carbon frameworks, which could be beneficial for the exposure of more active sites, the optimization of electronic structure and the mass transfer of electrolyte/electron/ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials with tunable emission colors has attracted increasing interest in both fundamental research and applications. As a key member of light‐emitting materials family, lanthanide doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been intensively demonstrated to emit light in any color upon near‐infrared excitation. However, realizing the trichromatic emission in UCNPs with a fixed composition remains a great challenge. Here, without excitation pulsed modulation and three different near‐infrared pumping, we report an experimental design to fine‐control emission in the full color gamut from core–shell‐structured UCNPs by manipulating the energy migration through dual‐channel pump scheme. We also demonstrate their potential application in full‐color display. These findings may benefit the future development of convenient and versatile optical methos for multicolor tuning and open up the possibility of constructing full‐color volumetric display systems with high spatiotemporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring high‐performance Pt‐free electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media is highly imperative for the development of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Phase engineering is an effective strategy for boosting the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts; however, the fabrication of unconventional polymorphism‐interfaced metal catalysts remains a significant challenge. In this study, a polymorphism‐interfaced Ru nanocatalyst with a stable hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) phase and a metastableface‐centered‐cubic (fcc) phase is successfully prepared. Owing to the built‐in electric field and stacking fault on the unique polymorphic interface, the fcc‐hcp‐Ru catalyst exhibits outstanding alkaline HOR performance with a mass activity of 1016 A gPGM‐1, which is six and three times higher than that of conventional hcp‐Ru andcommercial Pt/C, respectively. The regulated electron distribution at the polymorphic interface is attributed to the discrepant work functions, which not only optimize the adsorption energy of hydrogen but also facilitate the water formation step to promote the alkaline HOR process. This study demonstrates that unconventional polymorphism‐interfaced engineering is an efficient strategy to regulate the electronic structure of metal catalysts and identifies the prominent role of the work function in alkaline HORs, providing a new avenue for the rational design of highly efficient materials for electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A206 aluminum alloy is an important Al‐cast alloy with high mechanical strength. However, its dependence on θ′‐phase for effective strengthening raises concern for its anti‐corrosion performance in service. This paper systematically studies nano‐treating A206 with TiC nanoparticles to investigate its effects on overall corrosion behavior. Immersion tests and electrochemical measurements have been used to understand the nano‐treating contributions to the improved corrosion resistance of A206 under T4 and T6 heat treatment. The results indicate that the pseudo‐dispersion of TiC at or near the grain boundary (GB) and precipitates strengthens the GBs, and more rapid passivation near the TiC‐dense zone introduces a more uniform corrosion feature. The uniform corrosion with rapid passivation greatly facilitates the corrosion control of nano‐treated A206 under T4 and T6 heat treatment, allowing supreme anti‐corrosion stability for high‐strength A206 alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional inorganic ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been designed and prepared, used as UV photosensitizers and reinforcing agents applied to waterborne polyurethane acrylate (WPUA) composite coating. The ZnO NPs are modified by the silane coupling agent, and the WPUA@ZnO NP composite coatings photoinitiated with different ZnO NP contents are prepared, their structure and properties are characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, TG, and pencil hardness tester. The UV absorption of the inorganic photosensitizer ZnO NPs and the organic photosensitizer 1‐hydroxycyclohexyl phenone (184) in the composite coating is tested and analyzed separately by DRS UV‐3600 spectrophotometer. Three fabric‐based materials (cotton, PET, and PP) are dipped into the WPUA@184 composite emulsions and WPUA@ZnO NP composite emulsions, and their mechanical properties, water absorption and water contact angle (WCA) are tested. The results show that the absorbance of the WPUA@ZnO NP composite coating is 40.28% higher than that of the WPUA@184 composite coating. Compared with the PP‐WPUA@184 coatings, the stress of the PP‐WPUA@ZnO NP coatings increases by 41.19% and the strain increases by 34.39%. The water absorption of the cotton and PET coatings decreases under the three conditions. Their hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity are changed, and the fabric‐based coatings can be tuned for interfacial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively low efficiency is the bottleneck for the application of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The high‐level doping strategy realized in recent years has not improved the efficiency as much as expected. It is argued that cross relaxation (CR) is not detrimental to upconversion. Here we combine theoretical simulation and spectroscopy to elucidate the role of CR in upconversion process of Er3+ highly doped (HD) UCNPs. It is found that if CR is purposively suppressed, upconversion efficiency can be significantly improved. Specifically, we demonstrate experimentally that inhibition of CR by introducing cryogenic environment (40 K) enhances upconversion emission by more than two orders of magnitude. This work not only elucidates the nature of CR and its non‐negligible adverse effects, but also provides a new perspective for improving upconversion efficiency. The result can be directly applied to cryogenic imaging and wide range temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored a co‐dissolved strategy to embed mono‐dispersed Pt center into V2O5 support via dissolving [PtV9O28]7− into [V10O28]6− aqueous solution. The uniform dispersion of [PtV9O28]7− in [V10O28]6− solution allows [PtV9O28]7− to be surrounded by [V10O28]6− clusters via a freeze‐drying process. The V centers in both [PtV9O28]7− and [V10O28]6− were converted into V2O5 via a calcination process to stabilize Pt center. These double separations can effectively prevent the Pt center agglomeration during the high‐temperature conversion process, and achieve 100 % utilization of Pt in [PtV9O28]7−. The resulting Pt‐V2O5 single‐atom‐site catalysts exhibit a CH4 yield of 247.6 μmol g−1 h−1, 25 times higher than that of Pt nanoparticle on the V2O5 support, which was accompanied by the lactic acid photooxidation to form pyruvic acid. Systematical investigations on this unambiguous structure demonstrate an important role of Pt−O atomic pair synergy for highly efficient CO2 photoreduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is an appealing technology for regulating the nitrogen cycle. Metallic iron is one of the well‐known electrocatalysts for NO3RR, but it suffers from poor durability due to leaching and oxidation of iron during the electrocatalytic process. In this work, a graphene‐nanochainmail‐protected iron nanoparticle (Fe@Gnc) electrocatalyst is reported. It displays superior nitrate removal efficiency and high nitrogen selectivity. Notably, the catalyst delivers exceptional stability and durability, with the nitrate removal rate and nitrogen selectivity remained ≈96 % of that of the first time after up to 40 cycles (24 h for one cycle). As expected, the conductive graphene nanochainmail provides robust protection for the internal iron active sites, allowing Fe@Gnc to maintain its long‐lasting electrochemical nitrate catalytic activity. This research proposes a workable solution for the scientific challenge of poor lasting ability of iron‐based electrocatalysts in large‐scale industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: With the development of nanotechnology, the precise synthesis of nanoparticles with nicely‐defined dimensions and structures has been well‐developed, and the functionalization and subsequent applications of the resultant nanostructures are becoming increasingly important. Comparing to inorganic nanoparticles, the nanostructures based on soft matters, especially block copolymer assemblies, are much lower in cost, easier to fabricate and richer in morphology. However, the dimensional control over the block copolymer assemblies is not as easy. Only in recent decade, with the discovery of living Crystallization‐Driven Self‐Assembly (CDSA) by Manners and Winnik, researchers become able to precisely tune the sizes of block copolymer assemblies in a relatively wide range. This discovery has inspired tremendous research effort in the self‐assembly field, and considerable progress has been made recently. This review summarizes the main progress in the precise and controllable self‐assembly field in the past five years, and is mostly focused on four aspects, including in‐depth understanding of the assembly methods, extension of this method to two‐dimensional nanostructures, utilization of this method to fabricate hierarchical structures, and the potential applications of these well‐defined nanostructures. We hope not only to make a periodic systematic summary of previous studies, but also to provide some useful thinking for the future development of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the peripheral blood of cancer patients is a promising approach for diagnosing early‐stage cancers, monitoring disease progression, and prescribing personalized anticancer therapy. However, it is still challenging to achieve effective and cell‐friendly isolation of CTCs due to their scarcity, heterogeneity, and vulnerability. Herein, a novel multifunctional platform based on fluorescent‐magnetic Fe3O4/Rhm B@ZIF‐8‐pTA nanoparticles (FR@Z‐pTA NPs) is developed for efficient CTCs isolation. FR@Z‐pTA NPs not only capture more than 88% of rare cancer cells for both EpCAM‐positive cells (MCF‐7, HepG2) and EpCAM‐negative cells (MDA‐MB‐231, HeLa) but also effectively release the captured cells with high efficiency (>80%) and viabilities (>90%) under cell‐friendly pH/ATP stimuli. More importantly, FR@Z‐pTA NPs exhibit excellent resistance to nonspecific adhesion of white blood cells (WBCs) and high detection sensitivity toward cancer cells in the patients' blood. The present multifunctional CTCs detection platform integrating high sensitivity, broad‐spectrum capture, in situ fluorescent identification and cell‐friendly release offers a good solution to address current challenges of CTCs isolation from clinical blood samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing particle size of sulfide electrolytes to nanoscale is essential for preparing ultrathin sulfide electrolyte membrane of all‐solid‐state batteries. However, there lacks effective way to synthesize sulfide electrolyte nanoparticles with good morphology uniformity. In this work, a dual precursor sol route is developed to speed up the synthesis of lithium thiophosphate (LPS) from tens of hours by conventional liquid‐phase routes to <50 min. The promoted reaction kinetics inhibit the overgrowth of the product particles so that monodispersed LPS nanoparticles with sizes of 44 ± 6 nm are prepared. Membranes fabricated from the nanoparticles achieve a thickness of 0.5–1.0 μm, which are reduced by one order of magnitude in comparison with those of reported sulfide electrolyte membranes. Moreover, the monodispersity makes the nanoparticles closely packed in the green membrane, so that the membrane can be self‐densified without applying pressure, whereas 100‐MPa‐level pressure is indispensable for conventional membrane fabrication technologies. The ultrathin LPS membrane is also successfully employed in all‐solid‐state LiFePO4 thin film batteries. This work not only provides a heuristic strategy to synthesis sulfide electrolyte nanoparticles but also develops a pressing‐free fabrication route of sulfide electrolyte membranes, which is eagerly demanded for high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the methods for improving photocatalytic efficiency is using suitable co‐catalysts which can promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. In this study, a typical MXene material, layered Ti3C2, was selected as a co‐catalyst and acquired by selectively etching Al element from Ti3AlC2 using hydrogen fluoride (HF), and then the interlayer spacing of Ti3C2 was reduced through ultrasonic oscillation treatment. By subsequent hydrothermal reactions, the ZnO nanoparticles successfully grew on the surface of two kinds of layered Ti3C2 without and with ultrasonic oscillation treatment (Ti3C2 and Ti3C2‐U), thus yielding two ZnO/Ti3C2 composite photocatalysts (ZTX and ZTUX samples), respectively. Compared with the pure ZnO, ZTX and ZTUX samples have significantly improved photocatalytic activity, which arises from the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes depending on the appropriate Fermi level position of Ti3C2. Besides, the ZTUX photocatalysts on the whole exhibit higher photocatalytic activity compared with the ZTX photocatalysts, depending on narrower layer spacing of Ti3C2‐U which facilitates transport of photogenerated electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanozymes have attracted wide attention for the unique advantages of low cost, high stability and designability. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have demonstrated great potential as a new type of nanozymes due to their excellent specificity and high affinity. However, effective approaches for creating molecularly imprinted nanozymes still remain limited. Herein, reverse microemulsion template docking surface imprinting (RMTD‐SI) is reported as a new approach for the rational design and engineering of nanozymes with free substrate access for the ligation of ssDNA sequences. As a proof of the principle, octa‐deoxyribonucleotide‐imprinted nanoparticles were successfully prepared. Using tetradeoxyribonucleotides and octa‐deoxyribonucleotide as substrates, the properties, catalytic activity and behavior of the imprinted nanoparticles were thoroughly investigated. The imprinted nanozyme exhibited an enhanced reaction speed (by up to 41‐fold) and good sequence selectivity towards substrate tetra‐deoxyribonucleotides. More interestingly, due to the open substrate access, the imprinted nanozyme also allowed the ligation of a ssDNA that fully matched with the imprinted cavity and other ssDNA substrates to form longer sequences, but at the price of substrate selectivity. Thus, this study provides not only a new avenue to the rational design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted nanozymes but also new insights of their catalytic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-atom catalysts with optimal atom utilization and outstanding activity have penetrated the frontier of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the large-scale synthesis of this class of catalysts is still a bottleneck for their industrialization. Herein, we suggest a two-stage micro-dispersion approach to synthesize mesoporous MgAl2O4-supported atomically dispersed Rh, which is more competitive than the batch method for boosting the uniform dispersion of Rh. By increasing the Rh loading, single-atom catalysts (SACs, <0.05 wt%), single-atom catalysts + nanoparticle catalysts (0.05–0.17 wt%), and nanoparticle catalyst (NPCs, 0.17–1.10 wt%) were obtained. For n-octane steam reforming, the turnover frequency of the 0.01-Rh-MgAl2O4 was approximately 30 times that of the 1.10-Rh-MgAl2O4, while the Rh amount of the 0.01-Rh-MgAl2O4 was only 3% that of the 1.10-Rh-MgAl2O4 for the same fuel conversion. Under a high-temperature (750°C) steam atmosphere for 15 h, the hydrogen formation rate only declined from 25.1 to 23.8 mol/mol-C8H18. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica‐supported Pd, Rh and Pt metal nanoparticles catalyze the hydrogenolysis of the Pt−OPh bond of (tbpy)Pt(OPh)Cl to release PhOH. Based on kinetic studies monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, the reactivity trend is Pd>Rh>Pt. Kinetic studies with Pd/SiO2 are consistent with a first‐order dependence on the catalyst and the molecular Pt(II) complex (tbpy)Pt(OPh)Cl. Using TEM‐EDS mapping and ICP‐OES measurements of a recovered Pd catalyst, after 1 hour of hydrogenolysis of (tbpy)Pt(OPh)Cl, approximately 10–16 % Pt deposition (relative to Pd mol %) on the Pd/SiO2 surface was quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐cell multiplexing is key to exploration of the heterogeneous cell populations in biological systems. Although the state‐of‐the‐art mass cytometry (CyTOF) possesses high resolution and multiple dimensions, the lack of suitable marker materials prohibits fully exploiting the available CyTOF detection channels. Here we report a new design strategy for CyTOF markers using functionalized mesoporous porphyrinic frameworks (MPFs) as scaffolds for chelating metals that have been unachievable by conventional approaches. We developed surface modification for stably dispersing the MPF nanoparticles (<40 nm) during the metalation and antibody conjugation processes. Our markers exhibit higher sensitivity and comparable specificity compared with a polymer‐based commercial benchmark. Compatibility with commercial markers during co‐staining was also confirmed. Furthermore, our markers show promising performance for immunophenotyping and potential implementation in CyTOF systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Gliadin nanoparticles are used as a delivery system for active substances because of their amphiphilicity and bioavailability. However, they are susceptible to destabilization by external agents. In this study, gliadin nanoparticles stabilized by soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) were prepared by antisolvent precipitation. Formed stable complex nanoparticles were applied to protect and deliver curcumin (Cur). RESULTS: Gliadin/SSPS nanoparticles with the smallest particle size (196.66 nm, polydispersity index < 0.2) were fabricated when the mass ratio of gliadin to SSPS was 1:1 at pH 5.0. SSPS‐stabilized gliadin nanoparticles had excellent stability at pH 3.0–8.0, 0.02–0.1 mol L−1 NaCl and at 90 °C heat. Gliadin/SSPS nanoparticles were used to encapsulate the Cur. The encapsulation efficiency of the Cur‐loaded gliadin/SSPS nanoparticles was 84.59%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry showed that the main forces were hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions between gliadin and SSPS. The X‐ray diffraction patterns exhibited that the crystalline form of Cur converted to an amorphous substance. The retention rates of Cur‐loaded gliadin/SSPS nanoparticles reached 79.03%, 73.43% and 87.92% after ultraviolet irradiation for 4 h, heating at 90 °C and storage at 25 °C for 15 days, respectively. Additionally, simulated digestion demonstrated that the bioavailability of gliadin/SSPS‐Cur nanoparticles was four times higher than that of free Cur. CONCLUSION: This study showed that SSPS improved the stability of gliadin nanoparticles. Gliadin/SSPS nanoparticles have the function of loading and delivering Cur. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]