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This paper describes the nature of today's corporatized health care system in the United States, offering examples of the psychological toll it takes on clinicians at all levels. It details corporate practices that disenfranchise practitioners from exercising their clinical judgment and from offering input to system administrators about problematic patient care experiences. It discusses the sense of frustration, resignation and moral injury that can permeate their work lives and disrupt their sense of effectiveness and well‐being in this context. Following this background is a psychoanalytic analysis of narratives from two physicians about their corporate health care experiences. Two case studies follow, in which a nurse and a physician entered psychoanalytic psychotherapy to process the destructive psychological impact of their work environments. A third case illustrates the negative impact of automatized insurance practices on one psychologist and her patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report on the Eighth International Congress of the International Association for Analytical Psychology which took place in San Francisco, California. The themes of the congress were movements in social and cultural groups and changes in perception of the attitudes to personal relationships, to men and women in society and the relation of psyche and soul in analytical psychology. Over-valuing the positive aspects of the trickster may underestimate the destructive and ungrounded aspect of the negative role of the archetype.

Replies to comments on the author's paper which appeared in the "Journal of Analytical Psychology" comparing psychoanalyst Carl Jung's psychological types with the system of classification of abnormal personality patterns devised by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Features of the system devised by the APA; Correlation between the superior function complex and a character diagnosis according to the author.

The author reflects on the growth and developments taken place in journal's organized annual conferences which is titled as JAP (Journal of Analytical Psychology) Conference for the United States. The editor mentions that he was appointed editor-in-chief of JAP at the 50th anniversary conference which held at St Anne's College, Oxford in April 2005. The author informs that in each conference, JAP had covered issues including analytic psychology, transcendent function and Jungian Psychology.

This paper provides an overview of the work of Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy. the originator of Contextual Therapy. The initial form of Contextual Therapy is surveyed, but closer attention is paid to more recent developments in the theory and practice. Several critiques of Contextual Therapy are introduced The paper includes a detailed example of a first session conducted according to Boszormenyi-Nagy's principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the transplantation of psychoanalysis from Europe to Los Angeles and the similarities and differences in followers, cultural attitudes, institutional organization, and patient symptoms. Psychoanalysis in both places attracted psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, artists, writers, and movie people, all committed to “modernism” and cultural change. But special American conditions created greater institutional rigidity, medicalization, and a more diffuse patient symptomatology centered on the maternal relationship. Such conditions also fostered bitter disputes over modifications of psychoanalytic theory and practice which have only recently become less acute as the status of psychoanalysis has declined in America. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article surveys the literature on the new theories of the multinational enterprise (MNE). This one-dimensional view of MNEs as monopolistic rent seekers rather than Coasian efficiency seekers has led to a largely irrelevant applied, policy literature on MNEs where the alleged excess profits of MNEs act as a rationale for misguided policies aimed at their regulation. The second genesis of internalization as a transaction cost theory is, of course, the pathbreaking works of the 1960s summarized in the book on markets and hierarchies by Oliver E. Williamson. This has been extended from a mainly domestic U.S. institutional context to an international dimension in several papers by one of his former students, David Teece, and by Jean-Francois Hennart. Hennart's book, based on his 1977 doctoral thesis, is a blend of John C. McManus, Chicago's property rights theory, and Williamson; indeed, it is one of the earliest applications of the Williamsonian framework to the MNE. Researchers may have written in ignorance of the work of Williamson, although they were well aware of the fundamental concept of market imperfections in Coase, which they cited, understood and used as a basis for their clear and elegant exposition of the benefits and costs of internalization.

The article examines Heinz Kohut's struggle with the psychic trauma of his forced emigration from Vienna, Austria in 1939. It references Charles Strozier's biography of Kohut and of his primary letter writing by Geoffrey Cocks. Events in Kohurt's life that influenced his interest in psychoanalysis are traced. Also described is the role of Kohut's traumatic emigration in his effort to find his identity in the U.S.

The article presents an interview with George Vaillant, who is an American psychiatrist who has made unique contributions to understanding of substance misuse and recovery within a life-course perspective. About his childhood, he says that he was born in New York City, almost exactly 70 years ago. He spent his first 2 years of life in Mexico. When he was 10 his father died and his family was moved to Connecticut. They lived in Connecticut until he was 16 and he went to high school, boarding school in New Hampshire. His family then moved to New Hampshire and he went on to Harvard. Since then he has spent most of his life in Cambridge. For the last several years he has lived in the U.S. and Australia. About his training in psychoanalysis, he says he thinks psychoanalysis has contributed enormously to his education and to human knowledge about human beings. He thinks almost everything psychoanalysis has said about alcoholism has been wrong. In an answer to a question, he said he attributed a lot to the addictive nature of alcohol.

Focuses on the effort of psychologist Carl Gustav Jung in spreading the concept of analytical psychology in Great Britain and the U.S . Theory of psychoanalysis; Determination of prospective psychology; Concern with places, personalities and publications rather than concepts and theories and textual analysis.

Focuses on the concepts related to infant observation in the U.S. Application of infant observation in psychotherapy; Importance of the application of infant observation on adult psychoanalysis; Conclusion that infant observation has been basically about seeing growth and making it visible by description.

The article discusses the study of analytic psychology theory of famous psychologist Alfred Adler. For reasons, Adlerian theories have not received the research validation which they deserve in spite of growing empirical and clinical evidence concerning their value. At a time when Freudian psychoanalysis has been whittled down to size, Adlerian theories are receiving more universal acceptance because of their more broad applicability. For reasons never fully explicated, Alfred Adler never attracted many scientifically oriented followers.

This article builds on recent scholarship in medicine, science and technology illuminating the role of place and materiality in medical work. Drawing on ethnographic observations and qualitative interviews with US psychiatrists, psychologists and clinical social workers, I examine how the therapy office shapes psychoanalytic psychotherapists' efforts to understand their patients' unconscious conflicts. The concepts of 'laboratory' and 'field' frame my discussion of the material set up of the clinical room and the relational practices it fosters. I show that psychoanalytic practitioners try to approximate 'laboratory conditions' that insulate patients' problems from their everyday contexts and ensure a sense of stability. I also demonstrate that these clinicians' work depends on revealing personal preferences in the therapy room and fostering therapeutic relationships that resemble those in patients' everyday lives, making the office akin to the 'field'. The office thus becomes epistemically productive through therapists' management of the paradoxical relationship between laboratory and field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a research concerning the effect of an audience on free associations to emotional words the American adolescents. The primary aim of the study was to assess the effect of a person present during a free association task where the words were judged to be emotional. It investigates the effect of the adults' presence. It was found out that the presence of adults may influence the free associations to emotional stimulus words. These suggest that the use of a testing situation that does not involve the audience's presence is advantageous in evaluating the occurrence of unusual, inhibited or idiosyncratic associations to emotional words.

Despite the easily recognizable nature of the Rorschach ink blot test very little is known about the history of the test in Britain. We attend to the oft-ignored history of the Rorschach test in Britain and compare it to its history in the US. Prior to the Second World War, Rorschach testing in Britain had attracted advocates and critiques. Afterward, the British Rorschach Forum, a network with a high proportion of women, developed around the Tavistock Institute in London and The Rorschach Newsletter. In 1968, the International Rorschach Congress was held in London but soon after the group became less exclusive, and fell into decline. A comparative account of the Rorschach in Britain demonstrates how different national institutions invested in the 'projective hypothesis' according to the influence of psychoanalysis, the adoption of a nationalized health system, and the social positioning of 'others' throughout the twentieth century. In comparing and contrasting the history of the Rorschach in Britain and the US, we decentralize and particularize the history of North American Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For all that has been written about Freud, one of the most significant sites for his initial importation into the U.S. remains largely unexamined: namely, within and through the social sciences. During these early years, social scientists were attracted to psychoanalysis for reasons that were not only personal and idiosyncratic, but also intellectual, social, and professional. Focusing on the University of Chicago's Division of Social Sciences and using oral histories, students records, course materials, as well as published sources, this essay explores this varied attraction and its substantive impact upon American social theory vis-à-vis the ideals and ideology of “social adjustment.” © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the psychoanalytic view on the paradox of prejudice on the part of the U.S. as it created policies that favor Israel and the role of U.S. geopolitical interests in forming the nature of Israeli/Palestinian conflict. It emphasizes the importance of Israel to U.S. policies as the latter government fight against Arab nationalism that would pose a threat to its geopolitical interest and access to petroleum reserves. The author states the need to understand the role of the U.S. in the conflict within broader cultural matrix.

Psychoanalysts in the USA have been perceived as élitist and exclusionary. It is hypothesized that this behavior services as a narcissistic defense against feelings of marginalization and inadequacy, stemming from experiences of prejudice, loss, and exclusion in the past. It is further hypothesized that there has been an institutional and multigenerational transmission of cumulative traumas that originated with Freud and the European psychoanalysts. The roots and history of the narcissistic defense are examined, as well as its manifestations in American training and practice today. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A review is first presented of the new Jung scholarship -- that Jung is to be properly understood, not as a disciple of Freud, but as the twentieth century exponent of the symbolic hypothesis in the tradition of the late nineteenth century psychologies of transcendence. This is followed by an outline of the so-called French-Swiss-English and American psychotherapeutic alliance, of which Jung was a part, and the cross-cultural mediumistic psychology of the subconscious it promoted, chiefly through the works of William James, F. W. H. Myers, and Theodore Flournoy. Focusing on the experimental work of the Swiss-American pathologist Adolph Meyer and the American neurologist Frederick Peterson, evidence is then produced to show that Jung, before Freud, was more important in American psychotherapeutic circles. His experimental researches into the association method and the psychogalvanic reflex, his study of mediums and connection to Swiss psychiatry had numerous unique alliances with the American scene, particularly because of their similar historical relation between psychology and religion. Therefore, to understand Jung, one must consider the archetypal significance which America held for Jung's own individuation process, as well as the Americanization of Jungian ideas that followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the concepts related to projective identification in the U.S. Example of a patient that has been dpersonalized; Stages of projective identification; Conclusion that projective identification has been regarded primarily as a primitive mental defense mechanism of the infantile ego.

Discusses developments in the area of information processing psychology in the U.S. Relationship between the information processing view of non-conscious mental processes and conceptions of the unconscious; Degree of convergence among the conceptual foundations of analytical and information processing psychology; Comparison between the views of the unconscious elaborated within the school of analytical psychology and the relevant findings and theories emerging from the domain of information processing psychology.

The article focuses on the historical pattern of psycho-analysis. Some twenty years ago psycho-analysis, Freudianism in particular, seemed to have been assimilated and consequently given its own place within Western civilization. Psycho-analysis was regarded as one among many hypotheses about the structure and evolution of the human mind. The first important fact about the present psycho-analytical revival is that it comes from the U.S. where psycho-analysis has been adopted mainly as a clinical practice. The lead taken by U.S. literature in making use of psycho-analytical ideas is a characteristic aspect of this phenomenon. The second factor in the popularity of psycho-analysis derives from the psychological repercussions of the Second World War. Due to the high frequency of mental disorders during the post-war period, psycho-analysis as a psycho-therapeutic method is more useful now than at any other time. The late war had a second even more important effect. It has in many aspects brought Western society nearer to the socio-cultural pattern characteristic of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the last decades of its existence. It would be more accurate to say that it has brought London and Paris closer to the Vienna of 1900. All these circumstances have contributed greatly to the weakening of the critical resistance which was present twenty years ago. This study is a short account of the historical conditions of some fundamental psycho-analytical ideas, such as the discovery of the unconscious, as the principal layer of the mental energy; the bivalence of this energy as the life and death instincts; the stratification of mental life and the relationship between consciousness and the unconscious.

The article discusses the importance of an anti-racist historiography of race to the development of the American Studies field. Focus is given to the relationship between psychoanalysis, particularly psychologism, to the author's own understanding of race, racialization, and American post-racialism. The author connects these thoughts to the depiction of interracial sex found in the film "Lincoln," directed by Steven Spielberg, between whites U.S. Senator Thaddeus Stevens and his alleged African American mistress, Lydia Hamilton Smith.

Reports on the fifth international conference of 'The Journal of Analytical Psychology' on the subject 'Science and the Symbolic World: New Paradigms for Psychoanalysis and Analytical Psychology,' to be held at the Tate Center for Entrepreneurship, College of Charleston in South Carolina from April 23-27, 2003. Agenda of the conference; Contact information; Invitation for proposals to present workshops on the theme.