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The aim of this study was to compare the learning effects of debriefing methods used in the simulation of prematurity care by measuring: (i) academic self‐efficacy; (ii) confidence in performance; (iii) self‐assessed communication skills; and (iv) satisfaction. We employed a quasi‐experimental design with three experimental groups that experienced instructor‐directed, self‐directed, and video‐assisted, self‐directed debriefing, respectively. Participants were 146 senior nursing students from three nursing schools. To compare learning effects, the same developed scenario for prematurity care was applied to all three groups. Significant differences were observed in the mean scores for the study variables among the three groups. The post‐hoc analysis showed that the video‐assisted, self‐directed debriefing group obtained the highest mean score difference for confidence in performance, self‐assessed communication skills, and satisfaction with the debriefing method. Thus, video‐assisted, self‐directed debriefing could be the most effective debriefing method for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop flipped learning classes by using film clips for undergraduate nursing students in an online nursing informatics course, based on the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model, and to evaluate the effectiveness and students' responses to this method of teaching. Methods: Sixty‐four second‐year nursing students participated in the course. The nursing students' knowledge was assessed at the beginning and end of each of the five classes. Moreover, their intention to recommend the classes to other students and additional comments were elicited by using semistructured questionnaires. Results: Knowledge about each core concept of nursing informatics reflected significant improvement. Regarding the intention to recommend the class to others, 62 (96.8%) students answered "strongly recommend" or "recommend." Conclusion: Integrating flipped learning classes by using film clips in an online nursing informatics course improved the nursing students' knowledge and is a format that is desired by students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop an educational program to promote healthy life behaviors and to evaluate its potential effects on the health practices of fifth grade elementary school children. Methods: The program, which consisted of six categories (daily life and health, disease prevention and management, prevention of drug misuse and overuse, sexuality and health, mental health, and injury prevention and first aid), was developed based on the ADDIE model. A pretest–post‐test, one‐group, quasi‐experimental design was used with 85 elementary school students who voluntarily participated in the program. Results: A school‐based educational program, called the “Six Kid Keys,” referring to the six categories of healthy life behaviors, was developed. Significant pre–post differences in two of the six healthy life behavior categories (disease prevention and management, injury prevention and first aid) were found. Conclusion: A school‐based intervention that was aimed at changing habits related to healthy life behaviors could be effective for elementary school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although cigarette smoking remains the most prevalent form of tobacco use in girls and in women of reproductive age globally, use of non-cigarette forms of tobacco is prevalent or gaining in popularity in many parts of the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Sparse but growing evidence suggests that the use of some non-cigarette tobacco products during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this paper we review the literature on the prevalence of non-cigarette tobacco product use in pregnant women and in women of reproductive age in high-, middle-, and low-income countries and the evidence that maternal use of these products during pregnancy has adverse health effects. In addition, we communicate findings from an international group of perinatal and tobacco experts that was convened to establish research priorities concerning the use of non-cigarette tobacco products during pregnancy. The working group concluded that attempts to develop a public health response to non-cigarette tobacco use in women are hindered by a lack of data on the epidemiology of use in many parts of the world and by our limited understanding of the type and magnitude of the health effects of these products. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations for a global research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study examined the effects of a conscious sedation dressing on pain and anxiety in pediatric patients with burns. Methods: This was a quasi‐experimental study, using a nonequivalent control group. Using convenience sampling, the participants were assigned to two groups, an experimental group (n = 10), which comprised children who received a conscious sedation dressing, and a control group (n = 13), which comprised children who received general dressing care. To minimize the risk of contamination between the two groups, the sampling was sequentially performed. Results: The children in the experimental group showed significantly lower levels of pain (U = 3.29, d = 1.00, P =.003) and physiological responses, as evidenced by lower systolic blood pressures, diastolic blood pressures, pulse rates, and respiratory rates than the control group (systolic blood pressures: t = 5. 05, d = 1.22, P <.001; diastolic blood pressures: t = 2.12, d = 0.93, P =.046; pulse rates: t = 2.28, d = 1.00, P =.033; and respiratory rates: t = 2.47, d = 1.09, P =.022). Conclusion: The application of a conscious sedation dressing may alleviate pain and anxiety for pediatric burn patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Time elapsed since pain onset might affect the likelihood of neuropathic component in low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuropathic pain component and pain duration in patients with low back pain and to identify factors associated with neuropathic pain component. Methods: Patients with low back pain who received treatment at our clinic were enrolled. Neuropathic component was assessed using the painDETECT questionnaire at the initial visit. PainDETECT scores and the results for each item were compared according to pain duration category (< 3 months, 3 months to 1 year, 1 year to 3 years, 3 years to 10 years, and ≥ 10 years). A multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with neuropathic pain component (painDETECT score ≥ 13) in low back pain. Results: A total of 1957 patients, including 255 patients who reported neuropathic‐like pain symptoms (13.0%), fully satisfied the study criteria for analysis. No significant correlation between painDETECT score and pain duration was observed (ρ = −0.025, p = 0.272), and there were no significant differences between median painDETECT score or trend of change in the proportion of patients with neuropathic component and the pain duration category (p = 0.307, p = 0.427, respectively). The electric shock‐like pain symptom was frequently reported in patients with acute low back pain, and the persistent pain pattern with slight fluctuations was predominant in chronic low back pain. The pattern of attacks with pain between them was much less common in patients with pain for 10 years or longer. Multivariate analysis revealed that a history of lumbar surgery, severe maximum pain, opioid use, lumbosacral radiculopathy, and sleep disturbance were significantly associated with a neuropathic component in low back pain. Conclusion: Time elapsed since current pain onset did not correlate with neuropathic pain component in patients with low back pain. Therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this condition should be based on a multidimensional evaluation at assessment and not on pain duration alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to identify factors influencing beliefs about intimate partner violence among Korean adults. Design and Sample This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that analyzed data from 466 adults. Measures Beliefs about intimate partner violence were measured using a self-report questionnaire with a total of 28 items consisting of four subscales: perpetrator's justification for beating women, blaming women for violence against them, perpetrator's responsibility for violence, and giving help to victims. Results Men and women had significantly different beliefs about intimate partner violence ( t = −7.19, p < .001). Some characteristics were identified that led to unhealthy beliefs about intimate partner violence. Four variables-gender, age, educational level, and witnessing parental violence-had an explanatory power of 20% with regard to beliefs about IPV ( F = 10.50, p = .000). Conclusions In South Korea, men, older individuals, and those with less formal education or who have witnessed parental violence need education to foster healthier beliefs about intimate partner violence. Nurses can play a vital role in efforts to decrease intimate partner violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study estimates the duration of sleep and its relationships with clinical correlates in a community sample of elderly individuals in Korea. Methods A total of 1924 individuals aged 65 and over were interviewed in Korea. Sleep durations were classified into five categories: 5.00 h or less, 6.00 h per day, 7.00 h per day, 8.00 h per day, and 9.00 h or more per day. Sleep disturbance was classified into four sleep complaints: difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early-morning awakening, and non-restorative sleep. The Mini- Mental Status Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and questionnaires about the presence of cardiovascular disease were employed. Results The most frequent self-reported sleep duration was 7.00 h. The mean sleep duration was 6.46 h. Female subjects, subjects between the ages of 75 and 79, and subjects with current depression were associated with sleeping for 6.00 h or less or 9.00 h or more. Subjects who lived alone and those with cardiovascular disease were associated with sleeping for 5.00 h or less. Subjects aged 80 and over, formally educated subjects, current smokers, and subjects with cognitive dysfunction were associated with sleeping for 9.00 h or more. Sleep disturbances according to sleep duration has a U-shaped distribution. We found that all sleep disturbances were significantly related to sleep durations of 6.00 h or less compared to sleep durations of 7.00 h. We also found that non-restorative sleep was significantly related to sleep durations of 8.00 h or more compared to sleep durations of 7.00 h. Conclusion A relatively high prevalence of short or long sleep duration was identified. Various sociodemographic variables influenced sleep duration. Depression, cognitive dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease were associated with short or long sleep duration. Careful attention should be paid to the health of elderly individuals who are short or long sleepers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast self‐examination is a convenient and effective way to detect breast abnormalities. Based on Dale's Cone of Experience theory, we hypothesized that the combination of a smartphone application with hands‐on practice would have a greater impact than using a smartphone application alone. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different educational methods on (a) knowledge, (b) attitudes, (c) skills, and (d) students' satisfaction with the learning methods. Methods: We conducted a pre‐ and post‐test quasi‐experimental design and developed a smartphone application using a video clip. One experimental group received smartphone‐based education, another group received smartphone‐based education combined with hands‐on practice, and the control group received a one‐time classroom lecture. We administered a pre‐test, provided intervention, and conducted a post‐test. Results: Among the three groups, the knowledge and attitude of the experimental groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, the group using the combination of the smartphone application and hands‐on practice showed the highest score changes in skills and satisfaction with the learning methods. Conclusions: Smartphone application use combined with hands‐on practice could be an effective education method for breast self‐examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group phase III clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a rosuvastatin + amlodipine combination compared with that of rosuvastatin or amlodipine monotherapy in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia. A total of 106 patients of 15 institutions in Korea were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: rosuvastatin 20 mg + amlodipine 10 mg, amlodipine 10 mg, or rosuvastatin 20 mg. After 8 weeks of treatment, the mean ± SD of change in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (msSBP) was -22.82 ± 12.99 mm Hg in the rosuvastatin + amlodipine group, the most decreased among the treatment groups. The percentage of patients whose msSBP decreased ≥20 mm Hg or msDBP decreased ≥10 mm Hg was also highest in this group (74.29%). The mean ± SD percentage change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level from baseline after 8 weeks was -52.53% ± 11.21% in the rosuvastatin + amlodipine group, the most decreased among the treatment groups. More patients in the rosuvastatin + amlodipine group achieved their target LDL-C goal at 8 weeks, compared with the other treatment groups (97.14%). No serious adverse events or adverse drug reactions were observed in all groups. In hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia, combination treatment with rosuvastatin 20 mg + amlodipine 10 mg effectively reduced blood pressure and LDL-C levels while maintaining safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational outcomes, such as knowledge, confidence in performance, ability in nursing practice, and satisfaction with learning methods in caring for children with croup, were compared between groups of students that received education through simulation combined with pre-education, simulation only, and pre-education only. In this quasi-experimental design, the educational intervention for the experimental group was the pre-education modality. Data from a convenience sample of 127 senior nursing students were drawn from three nursing schools in South Korea. There were significant differences in the mean scores of knowledge, confidence in performance, satisfaction with the learning method, and ability in nursing practice between the three groups. Pre-education with simulation significantly enhanced students' knowledge, confidence in performance, ability in nursing practice, and satisfaction with learning methods compared with pre-education or simulation alone. Simulation strategies should focus more on enhancing nursing students' learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]