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A method for the time-domain simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in two-level dielectric media is developed. The technique involves using transmission-line modelling (TLM) and 𝒵-transform methods to develop an algorithm to simulate the Maxwell–Bloch equations. The approach is accurate and free from numerical instabilities. The scheme was validated for the small-signal case by demonstration of the correspondence principle with the classical Lorentz oscillator. Results obtained for propagation in the two-level medium are in agreement with previous studies in the literature. In addition, results are shown demonstrating gain, self-induced transparency (SIT), Rabi flopping and laser oscillations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel triangular TLM node containing a subcell sized wire of arbitrary radius is presented. The technique is based upon the mapping between the total field at the cell boundary and exact modal field expansions around the wire. The wire node is incorporated into an unstructured 2D TLM algorithm providing a flexible package for modeling fine-features in proximity to complex structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1753–1757, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23482 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A method for the time-domain simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in ferromagnetic materials displaying frequency-dependence and saturation is developed. The technique is based on incorporating into transmission-line modelling (TLM) a non-linear system to describe the frequency-dependent permeability and saturation properties of a ferromagnetic material. The approach is validated for the linear (small-signal) case by the calculation of the normal incidence reflection coefficient of a metal backed ferrite tile. Results are also shown for the non-linear (large-signal) case where the material is driven into saturation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural waste management is a multidisciplinary field which has grown in an attempt to solve problems of agricultural byproduct utilization and disposal. Development of meaningful solutions to agricultural waste management problems will be much simpler if practitioners and researchers educate one another and together work to solve the different problems of the producer. Many disciplines have already become involved in the problem‐solving process; yet, there is a need for a generalist in agricultural waste management who can bridge disciplinary gaps and promote effective cooperation between specialists in various fields of study. Systems analysis can serve a useful purpose in agricultural waste management by providing a focal point for cooperation between disciplines working on various aspects of the problem. Systems analysis has been used to: (i) provide a common structure for comparison of agricultural waste management strategies; (ii) identify processes or links within waste‐utilization systems which are costly or sensitive to operating conditions; (iii) predict effects of external constraints such as government policy, fertilizer taxes, and prices on the effectiveness of waste utilization strategies; (iv) yield information to predict where research funds would be spent most effectively; and (v) assist in technology transfer from researchers to practitioners through the aid of computer‐based educational models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-component systems, failure of a component often affects one or more of the remaining components of the system. This type of interaction between components is called `failure interaction'. In this paper we consider two failure interaction models and study the problem of estimating the parameters of these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]