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Using the panel data of China from 2007 to 2016, this paper explores the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading. The results show that environmental regulation has a causally positive impact on the upgrading of industrial structure. To explain the positive causal effect of environmental regulation, we adopt the mediation effect method and then confirm that allocated labor rather than technological innovation is a significant channel by which such regulation affects industrial structure upgrading. Ultimately, this paper complements the existing economic literature by justifying that labor allocation is a key mechanism to upgrade industrial structure in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization and greening are key themes in global development, the manufacturing industry, as a major sector of energy consumption and carbon emissions, is in urgent need of transformation to realize energy conservation and emission reduction, digital transformation provides an opportunity for its green development. However, whether digital transformation can restrain the carbon emission intensity (CEI) of enterprises is still controversial. Based on the data of China's A‐share manufacturing listed companies from 2013 to 2020, this paper uses fixed effect model and intermediary effect model to explore the relationship between digital transformation and enterprise CEI and the influence path. the results show that: (1) Digital transformation has significantly reduced the CEI of manufacturing enterprises. (2) Mechanism analysis indicates that green technological innovation and resource allocation efficiency play a chain mediating role in this relationship. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the carbon emission reduction effect of digital transformation is more significant when enterprises belong to an energy‐intensive manufacturing industry or face strong environmental regulations and industry competition. The analysis of this paper not only deepens enterprises' understanding of digital transformation and green development but also provides a policy basis for China to advocate the coordinated development of the digital economy and green economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation (GI) can enable win‒win style economic and ecological benefits. Using China's pilot scheme for the construction of the intellectual property protection (IPP) system as an example, this paper empirically tests the impact of IPP system reform on the GI level and its spatial spillover effect. The results show that IPP system reform has significantly promoted urban GI, indicating that a progressive reform model characterized by experimentalist governance is applicable to innovation policy practices in developing countries. The dynamic effect analysis shows that IPP system reform can be applied to continuously promote urban GI. The mechanism analysis shows that such use of IPP system reform can improve the level of urban GI by promoting investment and talent agglomeration, confirming the viewpoint of the institutionalist school. The heterogeneity analysis shows that IPP system reform plays a stronger role in promoting GI in peripheral cities than in central cities, in cities with lower rather than higher scientific and educational levels and in cities with weaker rather than stronger GI capacity. Consistent with the theory of institutional diffusion, IPP system reform has a significant spatial spillover effect, promoting GI activities in surrounding cities while working to improve the local GI level. This paper affirms the effectiveness of the pilot regional innovation policy with Chinese characteristics, with important theoretical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of government environmental concerns on green innovation and whether this has a "leverage effect" or a "crowding‐out effect." This study employs a two‐way fixed‐effects model to conduct an empirical test using panel data from 2010 to 2020 on Chinese firms listed in heavy‐polluting industries. The results suggest that an increase in government environmental concerns can promote corporate green innovation. However, government environmental concerns primarily stimulate strategic innovation rather than substantive innovation. After a series of robustness and endogeneity tests, the conclusions of this paper still hold. Corporate green innovation induced by government environmental concerns is not the "leverage effect" superimposed on existing innovation activities but the "crowding‐out effect" of other technological innovation. The heterogeneity tests in this paper indicate that the impact is more pronounced for firms with poorer environmental conditions, stronger political connections, and richer executive backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs the relationship model diagram of green finance, technology finance and supply chain finance, and the conceptual model diagram of the impact mechanism of Green Finance on green innovation performance of manufacturing industry. Using the relevant statistical data indicators of China's manufacturing industry from 2011 to 2018, the structural equation model is used for empirical test. The results show that green finance has a positive impact on the green innovation performance of manufacturing industry. Technology finance has a positive regulating impact on green finance and manufacturing green innovation performance, while supply chain finance has no significant regulating impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates conditional configurations for high innovation performance under complex regional environments in China from a configurational perspective. The results indicate that internal R&D is neither sufficient nor necessary for high innovation performance while it's an important component of those configurations for high innovation performance. Moreover, there are five configurations for high innovation performance and eight configurations for not‐high innovation performance emergent from complex nonlinear interactions among seven influencing factors of regional innovation. The structures of configurations for high innovation performance differ from those for not‐high innovation performance, revealing an asymmetric view of causality that underpins regional innovation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing number of international students coming to China has injected new vitality into the development of an innovative economy in the mainland. In this paper, we employ a panel fixed‐effect model to examine how international students affect China's technological innovation. Our paper finds that international students in China have significantly promoted urban innovation in China, reflected not only in the expansion of urban innovation scale but also in the improvement of the urban patent structure and innovation quality. This highlights the need to increase the scale of international education and improve the quality of international education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a difference‐in‐differences (DID) design, this study investigates the effect of environmental regulation on corporate sustainability. The results show that China's low‐carbon city pilot policy has had a positive impact on green innovation. Furthermore, this positive association was especially pronounced for privately owned firms and those in high‐pollution industries. Additional analyses showed that the low‐carbon city pilot policy improved both corporate and environmental performance. This paper thus contributes to the literature on environmental regulation and corporate sustainability and has implications of interest to regulators and managers as well as researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the number of green patents granted of listed companies and the number of fintech companies in prefecture‐level cities in China from 2011 to 2018 to investigate the impact of fintech development on corporate green technology innovation and its mechanisms. We find that fintech can significantly promote corporate green technology innovation. Specifically, the promotion effect of fintech works through three channels: alleviating financing constraints, gathering scientific and technological talents, and optimizing environmental regulations. Heterogeneity tests find that its promotion effect is more significant for the eastern region, invention patents, state‐owned enterprises, and low environmental uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) help stabilize employment in the home country? This paper studies the relationship between the volatility of employment growth and the OFDI of a firm using matched data of Chinese firms from 2000 to 2019. The empirical analysis shows that employment in OFDI firms is less volatile than that in non‐OFDI firms. For firms in the eastern coastal areas of China, OFDI has a more obvious effect in restraining employment volatility. OFDI is also conducive to reducing employment volatility for firms that conduct OFDI in Asian, European, and American countries. Firms in the service sector conducting OFDI see a greater reduction in employment volatility. In addition, OFDI affects employment volatility mainly through the channels of technological innovation and production transfers. This study recommends that the government enact reforms in the domestic market to encourage more firms in China to invest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post‐reform China has experienced rapid urbanization and received much academic attention. However, few studies have focused on the overall characteristics of urban governance from both institutional and practical perspectives. This paper discusses the results of a content analysis of 79 cases collected during the first Awards for Best Urban Governance Practice in the Yangtze River Delta. This region is a pioneer of urban governance practice in China. The coding for the content analysis focused on four variables, including domains, actors, digitality, and duration, which were applied to the application forms for the award selection process. The statistical results demonstrate the characteristics of China's urban governance practices. (1) The government continues to dominate in China's urban governance, but the role of social organizations has become increasingly significant. (2) The content of China's urban affairs has transformed from economic growth to citizen‐oriented issues of livelihoods and livability. (3) New technology and digitality of new opportunities are leading China's urban governance transformation. (4) China's urban governance practices are a durable process for adaptation accumulation of experiences. This paper presents the characteristics and distribution of China's urban governance practices to lay the groundwork for future comparative urban studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the spatial innovation spillovers in different distance ranges in China. Results indicate that innovation spillovers do not decay with distance monotonously but appear to be a concave curve. Spatial innovation spillovers are superimposed effects, including both the positive effects of knowledge diffusion and the crowding‐out effects of innovation resources and market rivalry. We also confirm that the regional open innovation can positively regulate such spillovers. Regions with higher intensity of open innovation could gain more substantial benefits from innovation spillovers. These findings provide manifold policy implications for reducing the inequality of regional innovation capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a green and healthy economic system and achieving high‐quality economic growth have long been the development goals pursued by the Chinese government. Under the local government competition system, coordinating the relationship between economic growth and ecological sustainability is a decisive factor for China's high‐quality development. As a former state planned economy, China inherited a legacy of setting economic growth targets at various levels of government. This paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth targets and ecological efficiency by using panel data models and spatial econometric techniques. Moreover, the mediating effect model and dynamic threshold effect model are used to study their influence mechanism and the possible nonlinear relationship. The results indicate that there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between economic growth targets and ecological efficiency. Optimizing industrial structure and R&D investment can improve regional ecological efficiency. The economic growth targets in neighboring regions have a "U"‐shaped relationship with local ecological efficiency. The mechanism test results suggest that economic growth targets affect ecological efficiency by influencing financial development, foreign direct investment, infrastructure investment, environmental regulation, and technological innovation. The impact of economic growth targets on ecological efficiency shows a significant threshold effect when economic growth targets, industrial structure, R&D levels, financial development, foreign direct investment, infrastructure investment, and environmental regulation are at different threshold values. Therefore, to promote regional healthy competition and ecological efficiency, the government should formulate scientific and reasonable economic growth goals and improve the official evaluation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the conduction of decentralized environmental governance, environmental punishment has become a pivotal complementary tool for local government environment management and an intuitive reflection of governance efficiency. However, the literature concerning the effect of local government environmental punishment towards the green technology innovation of enterprises is void. To bridge this gap, this paper adopts the fixed‐effect model to investigate the impact of government environmental punishment on green technology innovation based on the data of China's A‐share listed enterprises from 2010 to 2020. The study finds that the punishment can significantly promote enterprises' green technology innovation. The distinction between the type of innovation reveals that environmental punishment promotes substantive green technology innovation of enterprises, while the effect on strategic green technology innovation is not significant. As far as the influence path is concerned, external pressure and internal incentive are both important mechanisms for environmental punishment to facilitate the green technology innovation of enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the positive effect of punishment on green technology innovation is more prominent in non‐state‐owned enterprises, heavily polluting industries and regions with strong public awareness of environmental protection. Further discussion reveals that the facilitative effect of punishment on green technology innovation also significantly improves the environmental performance of enterprises. This paper not only confirms the positive role of government intervention in environmental protection, but also provides practical reference for how to improve enterprises' competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a dynamic comprehensive evaluation method for evaluating the technological innovation capability of patent‐intensive industries. China's 15 industries were selected to evaluate their technological innovation capabilities from 2007 to 2018. Then, static and dynamic evaluation results were achieved, showing that the technological innovation capability of these industries developed steadily and presented an overall increasing trend. The rate of change is generally on the rise, but there are significant differences in the growth rate of different industries. Finally, this paper put forward some suggestions to improve the technological innovation capability of China's patent‐intensive industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs a quasi‐natural experiment based on the implementation of the "Green Credit Guidelines" policy in 2012 in China and analyzes the impact of the green credit policy on enterprises' innovation. The results show that the implementation of the green credit policy has a negative impact on enterprises' innovation. In terms of corporate heterogeneity, the negative effect of green credit policy on enterprises' innovation is greater for state‐owned and high‐leverage enterprises. Furthermore, mechanism analysis results reveal that credit financing cost is an important intermediary for green credit policy to affect corporate innovation but non‐credit financing channels are not obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterprises have different behavioral characteristics depending on their ownership structure and their nature and play different roles in promoting economic development. In order to explore the innovation behavior characteristics of private enterprises, state‐owned enterprises, Hong Kong‐, Macao‐, and Taiwan‐funded enterprises, and foreign‐funded enterprises in China's high‐tech industry, this paper constructs spatial lag models and varying coefficient spatial lag models within the framework of knowledge production functions. It not only evaluates the technological innovation performance of various types of enterprises in high‐tech industries but also comprehensively explores the differences in the impact of external environments such as spatial dependence and business environment on the innovation efficiency of various types of enterprises. The results of the study provide a reference for enterprise managers and investors to efficiently allocate the scarce resources for innovation investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneous impacts of environmental regulation on China's low‐carbon economic transformation has attracted much attention. This paper uses the provincial panel data of China as the sample, by constructing a dynamic intermediary effect model, this paper empirically tests the intermediary effect and path difference of different environmental regulation policies on carbon dioxide emission reduction. The study found that whether China's environmental regulatory policies can influence the intensity of carbon emissions through mediation effects is closely related to the type of policy. China's ordered environmental regulation policy can force technological innovation to indirectly curb carbon emissions, but a high carbon industry structure indirectly promotes carbon emissions. Carbon trading pilots have a negative intermediary effect on carbon emissions through industrial structure and technological innovation. The eastern mainly directly suppress carbon emissions through the market incentive policy, the central mainly relies on the command‐controlled environmental policy to achieve backward emission reduction, the western produces a green paradox. The Chinese government must fully consider the heterogeneity of environmental policies constantly improve and optimize the combination of environmental regulation policies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to externalities and market failure, innovation activities are facing insufficient investment. Venture capital guidance funds (VCGFs) are an important policy implemented by China's government to guide private capital to participate in innovation and entrepreneurship activities, and it can have an important impact on scientific and technological innovation. Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of VCGFs on innovation and its mechanism. VCGFs can significantly promote urban innovation and this role is sustained for three years following VCGF establishment. Further research shows that VCGFs do not have a direct impact on innovation but promote innovation by promoting the accumulation of innovative talent and capital, and the capital accumulation effect of VCGFs is the main path through which they promote urban innovation. Corruption is also a factor that restricts the effectiveness of an innovation policy. Thus, China's top‐down anticorruption campaigns can strengthen the ability of VCGFs to promote urban innovation. This paper opens the black box to show the mechanism through which VCGFs impact urban innovation, affirms the important role of the government in the regional innovation system, and clarifies the debate on government innovation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, China was ranked fourth in patent filing by region of origin. However, firm innovation quality is not comparable to such quantity. Evidence of this is that no Chinese organization was named as a Thomson Reuters 2011 or 2012 Top 100 Global Innovators. This paradox of firm patenting and innovations in China challenges the traditional understanding of the role of government in industrial innovation. This paper provides a theoretical lens through which to examine traditional protective and strategic patenting motives. Based on institutional theory and the ultimate goals of patenting motives, the paper posits that protective patenting motives are directly law-based while strategic patenting motives are largely law-derived. The paper also aims to empirically examine three questions: (1) What is the relative importance of various patenting motives to firm patenting behaviors? (2) What effects do patenting behaviors have on firm product and process innovations? (3) How, if at all, does governmental institutional support affect firm patenting and innovations? This paper uses dominant analysis, structural equation modeling, and regression analysis to analyze the survey data collected from a sample of 270 firms in China. The empirical results provide new evidence about firm patenting, innovations, and government institutional support. First, the order of relative importance of patenting motives to patenting behaviors was found to be (in the descending order of importance) reputation, exchange, blocking, and protection. Second, patenting behaviors were more relevant to product innovations than to process innovations. Third, more importantly, while government institutional support can enhance the effects of protective patenting motives on patenting behaviors, it can mitigate the effects of strategic patenting motives on patenting behaviors. Moreover, government institutional support reduces the positive effect of patenting behaviors on product innovations. These findings suggest that firm patenting and innovations are distinct activities, and that government institutional support acts as a double-edged sword in firm patenting and innovations: On the one hand government institutional support-an extralegal formal institution-may work alongside the patent system-a law-based formal institution-to advance science and technology, but on the other hand government institutional support may distract firms from commercializing patented knowledge into new products. This paper primarily contributes to institutional theory, new product development literature, and innovation management practice by revealing the dynamics between two different types of formal institutions-patent system and government institutional support-by establishing an institution-based view of patenting motives, by empirically distinguishing firm patenting and innovations, and more interestingly by uncovering a double-edged role of government institutional support in firm patenting and innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Unlike previous studies mainly focused on the economic impact of green innovation, this paper explores its social returns, denoted by the stakeholder engagement, given stakeholders can affect or are affected by the firm's low‐carbon transition. Drawing on the complementary view and the substitute view, our empirical results from China over the sample period of 2012 to 2018 found that more green innovation would crowd in stakeholder‐related activities, especially for the welfare improvement of customers and suppliers. However, better stakeholder relations do not bring positive economic returns given the weak social pressures and uncertain rewards for being socially responsible in emerging countries. By doing so, our study expands the theoretical knowledge about the social impact of green innovation, thus offering a practical guidance for firms to simultaneously manage their environmental performance, social performance and economic performance in China and, potentially, in other emerging countries which also pursue environmental transition and better stakeholder management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural diversity brought by migrants has attracted widespread interest in recent years. This paper investigates the relationship between migrant cultural diversity and regional innovation by constructing panel data of provincial migrant cultural diversity and combining them with invention applications data from China's State Intellectual Property Office. The empirical results show that the migrant cultural diversity, measured by migrant's hukou and dialect respectively, has a positive impact on regional innovation. The effect still holds after a series of robustness tests and addressing endogeneity issues. Furthermore, the further analysis implies that the effects of the migrant cultural diversity in workers aged from 30 to 50, engaged in an innovative occupation, working in high market‐competitiveness or inclusive provinces are more pronounced. Our study supplements the current research on the relationship between migrant cultural diversity and regional innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the existing knowledge on the correlation between green innovation and financial performance among small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). It examines the effects of two types of green innovation, specifically green product innovation and green process innovation, on the financial performance of SMEs. Additionally, it investigates the moderating role of economic support and predetermined targets, which are essential components of government subsidy programs, in relation to the aforementioned associations. Based on the panel dataset collected from Chinese manufacturing and energy industries covering the period of 2011–2021, the results show that (1) green product innovation may not positively impact the financial performance of SMEs; (2) green process innovation could enhance the financial performance of SMEs; (3) economic support may positively moderate the relationship between green process innovation and the financial performance of SMEs, while predetermined targets may negatively influence this relationship. These findings have considerable implications for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's environmental governance exhibits a significant imbalance with its economic development. To enhance the "green" and sustainable practices of enterprises, employing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles is imperative. The literature examining the correlation between ESG and green innovation (GI) lacks detailed clarity and obscures the different effects of each dimension. Inefficient resource allocation may also result from ignoring the distinct implementation costs associated with each dimension of ESG. Such problems eventually hinder the guidance of corporate practices. Therefore, the promoting or inhibiting effects stemming from each of these dimensions warrant further study. In this paper, we use data from A‐share listed companies in China for the years 2004 to 2020 to investigate the mechanism that links the E, S, and G dimensions of ESG with GI from an externality perspective. We prove a linear or U‐shaped relationship between the E or S dimension and GI, and we explore the mediating effect of financing constraints on these relationships. We compare these dimensions under a unified theoretical framework to clarify their differences in externality and internality. This study's results highlight the importance for enterprises to emphasise environmental issues and social recognition, instead of just corporate operations, to achieve sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous improvement of technological innovation ability, adjustment of the development strategy, and enhancement of operational performance are of great theoretical and practical significance for logistics enterprises. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the innovation efficiency of the logistics industry. The study utilizes the static three‐stage DEA model and the dynamic Malmquist index model, considering a total of 12 indicators related to innovation input, output, and environmental variables. A dataset of 2940 entries from 49 listed logistics enterprises from 2017 to 2021 was calculated. The analysis provides insights into the innovation efficiency of logistics enterprises from a static perspective and the innovation total factor productivity from a dynamic perspective and decomposition terms. Based on the analysis of environmental variables by the SFA model, it was found that DEA inefficiency is the combined result of environmental factors and management inefficiency. Environmental variables have both positive and negative effects on innovation. The improvement of the economic development level will lead to excess R&D investment. Increased government simple fund subsidies are not conducive to the efficient allocation of innovation resources within enterprises. The expansion of enterprise scale will increase R&D personnel and investment in fixed assets. A thriving technology market can encourage enterprises to improve their own conversion rate of scientific and technological output and give full play to their innovation ability. The dynamic Malmquist model analysis reveals a recution in the overall innovation efficiency of listed logistics enterprises over 5 years. The changes in total factor productivity and technological progress efficiency of all listed logistics enterprises are synchronized, with most enterprises exhibiting higher technological progress efficiency compared to comprehensive technical efficiency. The total factor productivity of logistics enterprise innovation is mainly affected by comprehensive technical efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐quality green transition is essential to achieving sustainable and coordinated global development. In this paper, a new method of two‐step geometric average is proposed to measure green transition, and a comprehensive framework on the relationship between sustainability and coordination via the propelling force of green transition is constructed at both the national and provincial levels. In addition, the mediating effect model and the threshold model are employed to empirically verify the mechanisms and influences. According to the results, green transition can contribute to regional economic growth at national level and to the coordinated development of regional economies at provincial level in China. Meanwhile, the non‐linear 'U‐shaped' relationships between green transition and regional economy are demonstrated in Asia and the eastern region of China, and spillover effect of technological innovation can indirectly promote regional development. In addition, the heterogeneity effect of green transition fully releases the dividend of economic quality and environmental governance capacity, promoting the coordinated development of regional economies. In the meantime, the driving force of green transition on regional economy is dependent on the external environment, particularly before and after the outbreak of COVID‐19, when its impact has altered substantially. Therefore, it is necessary to promote green transition via greater technological innovation efficiency, and then to restore the vitality of regional economic development; which could provide policy makers and professionals in the regional economy with information for enhancing sustainable and coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change is becoming an increasingly serious issue. China, the largest carbon emitter, has a long way towards its sustainable development goals (SDGs) and take on its carbon reduction responsibility, especially in the industrial sector. In this vein, industrial intelligence, a key driver in the "Industry 4.0 era", offers an opportunity in this carbon reduction campaign. This paper seeks to examine the influences of industrial intelligence on carbon emissions, their heterogeneous characteristics and transmission mechanisms, and the moderating role of human capital. Therefore, we properly probed theoretical aspects, and then we used China's provincial data from 2006 to 2019 and a number of tests, namely the fixed effect model, the two‐stage test, and the moderating effect model, to test the relevant assumptions. We first unfolded that industrial intelligence can significantly mitigate carbon emissions. Specifically, the heterogeneous analysis found that carbon reduction efforts are more pronounced in China's central and western regions and resource‐based regions. We further highlight the mechanism identification, which reveals that industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are the main channels for industrial intelligence to abate CO2 emissions. Importantly, we pinpoint the role of human capital, which positively moderates the relationship between industrial intelligence and carbon emissions and can well amplify the industrial structure effect of industrial intelligence. These results are conducive to accurately assessing the environmental benefits of industrial intelligence and providing policy enlightenment for China to alleviate carbon emissions, and they will also offer a reference for other developing countries to learn from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial amount of research has examined the collaborations within technology‐based industries, but how technological intensity relates to the evolution of interregional research collaboration is less well understood. This paper investigates the dynamic changes of spatial structure and determinants of intercity research collaborations in the sectoral innovation networks of high‐tech industries contrasting to low and medium technology (LMT) industries in the Greater Pearl River Delta (GPRD), China. Using the sectoral patent application data over the period 2008–2016, the social network analysis results confirm a higher level of triangles in the co‐invention network of high‐tech industries than within LMT industries. Moreover, the empirical results through Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) show that, compared to LMT industries, collaboration in the co‐invention network of high‐tech industries is less sensitive to geographical and linguistic distance, while more subject to economic distance, regional educational level and government support with time. In addition, cognitive proximity and regional R&D intensity are both important prerequisite in the formation of these two collaborative networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper empirically studies the relationship between internal institutions, knowledge sharing, and technological innovation based on the data of investigating 163 China's characteristic culture enterprises by applying structural equation model. The study shows that the internal institution of characteristic cultural enterprises can significantly enhance the knowledge sharing of employees in characteristic cultural enterprises; the knowledge sharing of employees will significantly enhance the technical innovation level of characteristic cultural enterprises; the internal institution of characteristic cultural enterprises does not directly and significantly improve the technical innovation level, but indirectly through enhancing the knowledge sharing of enterprise employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of customer concentration on green innovation in Chinese listed firms between 2006 and 2018 through the dynamic panel generalized method of moments regressions. It is reported that major customers positively impact corporate green innovation, indicating that firms have more incentives to engage in innovative green practices to maintain stable relationships with major customers. In addition, the positive relationship between customer concentration and green innovation is more pronounced in state‐owned enterprises, firms located in the provinces with a high level of marketization, and after China's new Environmental Protection Law implementation. Moreover, we observe that the positive impact of customer concentration on corporate green innovation is more significant among industrial firms and firms operating in heavily polluting industries. Furthermore, industrial competition is an essential channel for major customers to affect corporate green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of an increase in the minimum wage standard on enterprise innovation and its mechanism. Based on the matching data between China's A‐share listed enterprises and the city minimum wage standard from 2003 to 2018, we find that an increase in the minimum wage standard promotes enterprise innovation, and this impact is sustainable. Mechanism analysis shows that an increase in the minimum wage standard enlarges R&D investments and personnel to promote enterprise innovation. In addition, we find that an increase in the minimum wage standard has a stronger effect in promoting the innovation of large, labour‐intensive, high‐innovation or non‐state‐owned enterprises than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, as supply‐side innovation incentive policies do not work well in China, demand‐side instruments, like the government procurement for innovation, are emphasized. However, as the enterprise may be better informed than the government about its initial technology level and effort, the government faces the dual information asymmetry of adverse selection and moral hazard in the process of procurement. Thus, in this paper, series of quality incentive contract models are proposed to illustrate how the government can identify the initial technology type of the enterprise and motivate it to exert effort to improve the innovation quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of executive resume information disclosure on corporate innovation in China. Text analysis is used to measure executive resume information disclosure by constructing three indicators of completeness, readability, and detail from the form and content. The results show that executive resume information disclosure promotes corporate innovation. Moreover, executive resume information disclosure is incrementally informative on corporate innovation by attracting high‐educated employees or alleviating financing constraints. Further analyses show that the innovation motivation of executive resume information disclosure is enhanced when firms have a better information environment as represented by greater media coverage and higher audit quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State‐owned industrial enterprises' (SOIEs') non‐R&D innovation activities have been ignored by scholars. Using panel data on the regions of China, this paper examines the impact of non‐R&D innovation by SOIEs on regional total factor productivity (TFP) with panel Co‐integration and a panel vector error correction (VEC) model. The results show that SOIEs' non‐R&D innovation is important for economic growth, and different types of non‐R&D innovations have heterogeneous effects on regional TFP. Foreign technology acquisition (FTA) has more positive long‐term and short‐term impacts on regional TFP than do R&D expenditures. Technology assimilation (TA) improves regional TFP, but the effect of R&D expenditures on innovation is higher than that of TA in the eastern region. Domestic technology purchases (DTPs) have no significant impact on regional TFP in the central and western regions and even have a negative effect in the eastern region. Technology transformation (TT) has a stronger long‐term positive effect on regional TFP than R&D expenditures, but R&D innovation has a stronger short‐term positive effect than TT. We examine the impact of SOIEs' non‐R&D innovation on regional economic efficiency and, to a degree, identify the source of its effect on innovation. This study emphasizes the critical function of technology diffusion in fostering economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation and sustainable development are important concerns for countries around the world, and strengthening environmental regulation (ER) may have a critical implication for the promotion of green technology innovation. On the basis of elaborating the mechanism of ER on technological innovation, the Super‐SBM‐Windows‐DEA model is employed to measure the green innovation efficiency (GIE) using provincial‐level panel data from 2004–2017 in China. The system generalised method of moments is used to estimate the direct effects of ER on GIE, an innovative mediating effect model that based on structural equation model is utilised to explore their indirect effects. Further, a spatial econometric model is developed to examine the possible spatial effects between ER and GIE. The 'U' shaped relationship between ER and GIE is verified in the direct effect test. The results of the indirect effects indicate that ER is not conducive to GIE by discouraging the inflows and outflows of FDI, while it contributes to GIE by promoting the structural upgrading of industry. The spatial effect results show that the impact of ER on GIE in neighbouring areas has an obvious spatial spillover characteristic, which is manifested as an inverted 'U'‐shaped relationship of promotion followed by inhibition. The paper further proposes policy implications including strengthening cross‐regional joint prevention and control, integrating ER strategies, and rational application of ER tools, so as to promote a win‐win development of innovation and sustainability, and the positive effects of ER are better developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms receiving R&D subsidies are often assumed to be able to overcome market failure and have a socially desired level of R&D investment for technological innovation. However, we know relatively little about the impact of R&D subsidies on the way firms achieve innovation novelty. Drawing upon the knowledge recombinant view, this paper investigates how subsidized firms innovate with different dimensions of novelty by exploring their underlying knowledge recombination mechanisms. Using a unique dataset of 21,084 Chinese firms with 433,321 patents located in China's equivalent of Silicon Valley, Zhongguancun, for the period 2009–2015, our empirical findings reveal that R&D subsidies foster firms to reuse existing combinations to innovate while discouraging the creation of new combinations beyond firms' existing knowledge repertoires. These effects are further subject to industrial technological complexity in firms' innovation environment which heightens subsidized firms' innovation novelty based on recombinant reuse while damping recombinant creation. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, opinions on whether and how ride‐hailing services have impacted the use of traditional taxis are divided, and no consensus has been reached. This paper used panel data from 44 cities in China from 2010 to 2016 to estimate the impact of ride‐hailing services on the use of traditional taxis by applying the multiperiod difference‐in‐difference (multiperiod DID) method and conducting a series of robustness tests. The results show that ride‐hailing services have a large, negative impact on the use of traditional taxis, and this negative impact is more severe in eastern cities. These results suggest that in China it is necessary for traditional taxi operators to make changes and innovations to become more sustainable in response to pressure from ride‐hailing services. Additionally, it is suggested that city governments in China pay greater attention to the impact of emerging ride‐hailing services on traditional taxi services, embrace emerging modes of mobility, and create appropriate policies to coordinate the development of both new and traditional services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's extensive economic growth has been accompanied with high levels of pollution, and excessive energy consumption has brought serious pollution problems. The use of financial resources to regulate green production modes and encourage high‐quality economic development has become a major focus in academia. At the same time, growth enterprise market (GEM) enterprises, which mainly operate in technology‐intensive industries, are assumed to have a simulating effect on regional innovation. Therefore, this paper utilizes the capital return differences of 4437 listed companies and 920 GEM companies based in 30 provinces of China from 2008 to 2018 to quantitatively analyze the levels of financial misallocation. With two‐stage regression method, the direct effect of financial misallocation on regional green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) and the indirect impact observed when taking regional innovation as an intermediary variable are discussed. Furthermore, dynamic threshold panel regression and heterogeneity analysis are used to verify the above nonlinear relationship. The empirical findings indicate that financial misallocation enhances innovation capability and further restrains GTFEE. With an improved degree of marketization and environmental regulation, the inhibitory effect of financial misallocation on GTFEE is more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional innovation output is influenced by many factors such as macroeconomic environments, residents consumption, fixed asset investment, foreign trade, fiscal revenue and expenditure, education, and research and development (R&D) input. Correctly predicting regional innovation output is an important subject in the economic field. In this paper, we propose four regularized Poisson regressions to forecast regional innovation output for 31 provinces in China. Firstly, we screen out 20 important factors and combine with four penalties: ridge penalty (L2), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty (LASSO), smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty (SCAD), and minimax concave penalty (MCP) to construct four regularized Poisson regressions. Secondly, we introduce the cyclic coordinate descent (CCD) algorithm and the training set to complete variable selection and obtain the least squares weighted iterative estimators and make model selection by introducing three criterions to compare goodness of fit to different models. Finally, we apply the testing set and the learned regressions to exhibit the prediction performances and found that SCAD/MCP regularized Poisson regression predicts better than L2/LASSO regularized Poisson regression in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In particular, MCP regularized Poisson regression outperforms the other three regularized Poisson regressions in predicting the number of granted patents in the three regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the eco‐innovation effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) by its economic agents, multinational enterprises (MNEs), in the context of emerging economies. It particularly focuses on environmental regulations and industrial pollution intensity as the key moderating mechanisms. We develop hypotheses by combining economic rationality of natural‐resource‐based view and institutional rationality of institution‐based view. Our theoretical discussions highlight the importance of the intersection between the two theories in explaining the eco‐innovation effects of foreign ownership and FDI spillovers, and in particular in allowing a nuanced consideration around the under‐explored boundary conditions of FDI effects in the eco‐innovation domain. Using the propensity score matching method to match domestically owned enterprises (DOEs) with foreign MNE‐invested enterprises (FIEs) in China during the period of 2001–2013, we find clear evidence that FIEs outperform their domestic counterparts of similar characteristics in conducting eco‐innovation. This superior performance is particularly pronounced in cities with higher levels of environmental regulation and industries with higher levels of pollution. Furthermore, we assess the local impact of MNEs on eco‐innovation of DOEs and find evidence that the presence of FDI, in particular, that within cities, leads to increased eco‐innovation in DOEs. FIEs' eco‐innovation spillover effects within a city are conditional on environmental regulation and pollution intensity. Thus, in China, MNEs are found to act as agents of change who not only conduct eco‐innovation in the host country but also stimulate the eco‐innovation of DOEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the impact of organization capital on green innovation. Using the sample of Chinese A‐share listed firms from 2008 to 2020, we find evidence that the organization capital significantly improves green innovation. And this effect is more pronounced in firms with greater environmental regulatory pressure, more media attention, less financing constraints and in non‐state‐owned firms. Through simultaneous equation model and mediation analysis, we find that organization capital improves corporate social responsibility via green innovation. Our results are robust to endogeneity issues, alternative variables measurement, model specifications, and estimation methods. This paper contributes to the understanding of the role of organizational resources in influencing green innovation and corporate social responsibility, and helps promote corporate green transformation and environmental practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a moderated‐mediation model to investigate the relationship between green innovation, as measured by green patent stocks, and firms' stock market value, as measured by Tobin's Q. Using longitudinal data drawn from 351 heavily polluting firms in China's A‐share market from 2007 to 2018, we find that green innovation is likely to affect firms' stock market value positively. A 1% increase in the green innovation over assets index will enhance by 0.18% the Tobin's Q at the firm level. Environmental compliance costs significantly mediate the green innovation‐firms' stock market value association by 8.5%. We also emphasize the positive moderating role of technological collaboration with public research organizations on green innovation‐environmental compliance costs linkage. Our results emphasize that the recurrent question in the extant literature "does it pay to be green?" should be substituted by "how and under what conditions does it pay to be green for firms?" and further stress how firms obtain sustainable development in the environment and economy through green innovation. Implications for firms and investors are also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether higher quality imported intermediates can increase firms' markups. Based on the conceptual model, we first find that improving the quality of imported intermediates affects firms' decision‐making in terms of innovation and firm‐level markups through the price channel and the cost channel. We combine the annual survey data of Chinese industrial firms (ASIF), Chinese customs transactions and patent data to verify the theoretical propositions. The results report that: (1) there is a significantly positive correlation between the quality of imported intermediates and firms' markups; (2) innovation acts as a potential channel through which the quality of imported intermediates increases firms' markups; (3) by decomposing markups into the price channel and the cost channel, we find that the quality of imported intermediates affects firms' markups through the cost channel. Our results suggest that higher quality imported intermediates may improve firms' market power through innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study examines the impact of CEO foreign experience on corporate sustainable development from the angle of firm green innovation. Using manually collected data of CEOs' foreign experience, we find that CEO foreign experience is positively associated with firm green innovation in China. The positive relationship between CEO foreign experience and green innovation (including green invention patents and green utility model patents) is more significant when the firm is state owned, when the firm has better corporate governance, and when the firm is subject to a better institutional environment. Further analyses indicate that both foreign work and foreign educational experiences matter; relative to experiences gained in underdeveloped countries, those related to developed economies tend to be more influential in facilitating green innovation. Finally, the documented association is robust to a series of robustness checks, including propensity score matching, instrumental variable approach, Heckman two‐stage model, and the inclusion of firm fixed effects. Overall, this paper contributes to the upper echelons perspective, and it also offers clear practical implications through showing that hiring returnee CEOs can enhance firms' sustainable development, which could be of interest to policy makers in other emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance people's lives, China needs to maximize the opportunities of technological changes and conduct innovations to optimize its industrial structure in the context of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. The present paper analyses how industrial structure can be optimized by considering technology imports and innovations, and proposes an innovation strategy for China. We decompose imported technology into embodied technology imports (ETI) and disembodied technology imports (DTI). We found that ETI and DTI have negative effects on industrial structure rationalization and supererogation. Moreover, secondary innovations based on ETI depress industrial rationalization and supererogation, while secondary innovations based on DTI contribute positively. Therefore, DTI should be valued and the absorption of introduced technology improved. It is important to choose the appropriate mode of technology imports, to coordinate on the ratio of technology imports to secondary innovations, and to enhance the absorption of imported technology with the gradual improvement of IPR protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving total factor productivity (TFP) is essential to achieving high‐quality and sustainable economic development. The existing literature mainly focuses on the impact of traditional infrastructure on TFP but generally ignores the role of new digital infrastructure in TFP and does not test impact mechanisms and whether there is heterogeneity in effects. Using panel data of 30 regions in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper analyzes the impact of new digital infrastructure on TFP and its mechanisms. The results are as follows: (1) New digital infrastructure can significantly improve regional TFP. After the robustness test, the results still support the findings. (2) New digital infrastructure can promote technological innovation, optimize factor allocation, and achieve economies of scale, thus improving TFP. (3) Further analysis shows that the positive effect of new digital infrastructure on TFP shows significant heterogeneity. In regions with high economic development levels, high research and development (R&D) levels, and high traditional infrastructure development levels, the positive effect of new digital infrastructure on TFP is more obvious. These findings not only enrich the literature on digital infrastructure and economic growth but also serve as a reference for governmental departments as they optimize their strategy for developing digital infrastructure and realizing sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is challenging for a single development subject to complete complex scientific research tasks due to the peculiarities of saline–alkali land. Collaborative innovation and cooperation can help break through the common critical technology R&D problems in the development process by sharing information, technology, knowledge, and resources. However, the process of saline–alkali land development in China is slow and the transformation rate of research results is low. Few articles analyze the current situation and driving mechanism of the collaborative innovation network for saline–alkali land development from the perspective of the innovation chain. This paper first constructs an undirected weighted collaborative innovation network from the upstream, midstream, and downstream levels of technological innovation for saline–alkali land development, analyzing the network's structural characteristics and spatial distribution features. Then uses ERGM to explore the internal and external driving mechanism for network formation from network self‐organization, subject characteristics, and exogenous environmental factors. The results demonstrate that the distribution of the collaborative innovation network is relatively uniform. However, there are also clusters, and the clusters are mostly centered on universities and scientific research institutions. Both the development subjects and clusters present regional features. Centrality and transitivity are crucial to the internal driving mechanism. In the external driving mechanism, the Matthew effect is modest, and the homogeneity effect is considerable; Organizational and technical proximity play a positive role; Geographical and institutional proximity play a blocking role. This study also provides practical enlightenment for encouraging horizontal and vertical collaborative innovation of sustainable development of saline–alkali land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various policies have been implemented to encourage the development of family farms and cooperatives in the past decade in China. New technology adoption is a crucial part in promoting the performance of family farms. However, empirical evidence on whether and how cooperatives would facilitate family farms to adopt new technologies remains unclear. To address the gap, this paper examines the impact of family farms' cooperative membership on new technology adoption (i.e., new varieties, new machinery, new fertilizers, new pesticides, new pest control techniques, new production methods and new management methods). Using novel survey data from 848 family farms in China, and employing both propensity score matching approach and endogenous switching probit model, we find that for family farms, cooperative membership has positive and significant impacts on new technology adoption. When looking into different types of technology, we find that the impacts are larger on the adoption of new methods than new techniques. Moreover, the impacts are larger for family farms with lower operation income and smaller size. The findings provide important insights for policymakers tasked with promoting agricultural technology adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]