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Objectives Data regarding hypertension in elderly adults with chronic kidney disease ( CKD) remains limited. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension in elderly adults with CKD using data from a nationwide survey. Design A nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study with a large sample. Setting The Survey of Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment Rates in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hypertension in China ( PATRIOTIC). Participants Participants in PATRIOTIC (aged ≥60; n = 2,414). Measurements Trained physicians measured blood pressure ( BP) using a standard protocol with a mercury sphygmomanometer at the time of admission. Results The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in elderly adults with CKD were 82.0%, 90.7%, and 87.3%, respectively. The control of hypertension at BP less than 140/90 mmHg was 29.6% and at BP less than 130/80 mmHg it was 12.1%. No significant differences were noted in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, or control of hypertension in individuals with CKD divided into the age groups of 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and 80 and older ( P > .05). With increasing age, the proportion of isolated systolic hypertension in elderly adults with CKD with uncontrolled hypertension increased ( P = .02). Obesity ( P = .01), CKD Stages 4 and 5 ( P < .001), and concomitant diabetes mellitus ( P = .002) were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension in elderly adults with CKD, using the goal of BP less than 140/90 mmHg. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in elderly adults in China with CKD is high, and its control is poor. Most elderly adults with CKD with uncontrolled hypertension have systolic hypertension. Obesity, CKD Stages 4 and 5, and diabetes mellitus were adversely associated with greater uncontrolled hypertension in elderly adults with CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the prognostic advantage of sex for pulmonary adenocarcinoma among Chinese patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the true sex differences in prognosis by adjusting for confounders and to explore whether the differences were time‐varying. Methods: We identified 4438 lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery at a regional Cancer Center of China from 2008 to 2016, retrospectively. Sex, age group, smoking history, year of diagnosis and pathological stage were collected. Time‐dependent Cox regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score were used to assess the effect of sex and account for confounders. Landmark analyses were conducted to assess survival before, and after, five years. Results: Of these patients, 1761 (39.7%) were men and 2677 (60.3%) were women. Median follow‐up time was 52.6 months. After IPTW adjustment, women were found to have significantly better survival than men varying with time in both crude and IPTW models (hazard ratio [HR] [t] = 0.453*1.015t, where t is the length of time from treatment and its unit is month, p < 0.001). Women had significantly better survival than men within 0–5 years after surgery (HR = 0.763, 95% CI: 0.649–0.897, p = 0.001), whereas there was no difference after five years (HR = 1.135, 95% CI: 0.803–1.605, p = 0.472). In subgroup analysis, women in the 61–71+ age group, in the more than 20 year packs group, pathological stage 0–IB group, and 2013–2016 diagnosis period group revealed the same prognostic pattern. Conclusions: Compared with men, women had better survival after surgical resection of lung adenocarcinoma, especially those who were older and nonsmokers or heavy‐smokers and were pathological stage 0–IB in early years, while the advantage for women diminished with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overgrazing has caused serious grassland soil deterioration and significant soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. Controlled grazing is recommended for restoring grassland and enhancing SOC stocks. Studies have suggested that, in particular, labile organic carbon (C) is a sensitive indicator for soil degradation and SOC recovery, but few studies of the effect of different grassland management practices have been published so far. Here, we investigate the effects of long‐term grazing exclusion and short‐term rotational grazing with different grazing intensities on labile SOC, including hot water extractable organic C (HWEC) and particulate organic C (POC), as well as potential N mineralization (Nmin) rate in soils (0–10 cm) of two grasslands in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia. Treatments include long‐term (34 years) exclusion, medium‐term (21 years) exclusion and continuous grazing (ambient grazing) at one of the sites, and we investigate no grazing, light grazing, moderate grazing and high‐grazing intensity at the study site for rotational grazing. Our results show that grazing exclusion significantly enhances labile SOC stocks and potential Nmin rate compared to ambient grazing (e.g., POC stock at long‐ and medium‐term exclusion and ambient grazing are 5.71 ± 0.94 Mg C ha−1, 3.25 ± 0.30 Mg C ha−1 and 2.12 ± 0.38 Mg C ha−1, respectively). However, after two decades of exclusion, the potential for further C sequestration is limited. Five years of rotational grazing significantly enhances HWEC, but not POC and potential Nmin rate, when comparing the highest grazing intensity (1.88 sheep ha−1 yr−1) with grazing exclusion during the same period. We conclude that rotational grazing may be a viable alternative to exclusion, offering a more rational use of grassland without causing soil C loss. We also show that HWEC is a particularly sensitive labile SOC indicator and is tightly correlated to POC and potential Nmin rate. Highlights: We investigated effects of grazing exclusion and rotational grazing on labile soil organic carbon.Grazing exclusion increased labile SOC and the highest level appeared in medium‐term exclusion.Five years of high‐intensity rotational grazing increased HWEC with no significant effects on POC.Rotational grazing is a viable alternative to grazing exclusion management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]