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The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) plays a major role in the Asian climate system, affecting nearly half of the world's population. The oxygen isotopes of speleothem calcite (δ18Oc) records in China provide important insights into past ASM changes; however, it remains controversial whether the δ18Oc records over eastern China (EC) mainly reflect the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) or East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). In this study, we estimate the relationships between precipitation‐weighted oxygen isotopes (δ18Opw) and various ASM indices over the last millennium based on the isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model. The δ18Opw in EC mainly characterizes the intensity of the ISM and, to some extent, reflects the meridional wind component of the EASM, but it has an opposite relationship with the zonal wind component of the EASM. Although the limitations of various EASM definitions lead to the contrary relations between the δ18Opw and EASM indices, the δ18Opw in EC is accompanied by consistent EASM footprints. Moreover, although the meridional wind‐based EASM indices are negatively correlated with δ18Opw over EC, the relationships are much weaker than that with the ISM indices. The widespread negative δ18Opw signals extending from the Indian Peninsula to East Asia are closely coupled with the low‐level circulation over the ISM region. When considering the relationship between the EASM and δ18Opw over EC, the positive contribution from the Northwest Pacific offset the negative contribution from the remote Indian Ocean, leading to the insignificant correlation between the EASM indices and δ18Opw over EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatiotemporal changes in wet and dry spells had significantly contributed to climate‐related natural hazards in East Asia, especially in river basins undergoing warming. However, few studies have systematically analysed these changes for river basins at different latitudes. Herein, we investigated the observed and projected variations in wet and dry spells for East Asian river basins at different latitudes. We found that river basins at low latitudes (Yangtze and Pearl rivers) had obvious wet characteristics, whereas those at high latitudes (Amur and Yellow rivers) had obvious dry characteristics. In general, the river basins presented a 'wet south but dry north' spatial pattern. Long‐duration wet spells have been shown to be the primary contributor to total wet spells in low‐latitude river basins, while long‐duration dry spells have been found to be the primary contributor to total dry spells in high‐latitude river basins. Importantly, climate is changing from prolonged wet spells to short, intense wet spells in low‐latitude river basins, whereas the climate is changing from single, short dry spells to moderate, prolonged dry spells at high latitudes. These changes indicate a high probability of flash floods in river basins at low latitudes and a high probability of droughts at high latitudes. In the future, more temporally clustered heavy precipitation events and prolonged dry spells may lead to increasingly uneven precipitation in high‐latitude river basins and the Pearl River basin, especially under the higher shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios. In contrast, more frequent consecutive heavy precipitation events may aggravate the risk of flooding in the Yangtze River basin. These findings are expected to serve as a guide for flood and drought risk mitigation in East Asia under a warming climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a global variable‐resolution modeling framework of atmospheric dust and its radiative feedback is established and evaluated. In this model, atmospheric dust is simulated simultaneously with meteorological fields, and dust‐radiation interactions are included. Five configurations of global mesh with refinement at different resolutions and over different regions are used to explore the impacts of regional refinement on modeling dust lifecycle at regional and global scales. The model reasonably produces the overall magnitudes and spatial variabilities of global dust metrics such as surface mass concentration, deposition, aerosol optical depth, and radiative forcing compared to observations and previous modeling results. Two global variable‐resolution simulations with mesh refinement over major deserts of North Africa (V16 km‐NA) and East Asia (V16 km‐EA) simulate less dust emissions and smaller dry deposition rates inside the refined regions due to the weakened near‐surface wind speed caused by better resolved topographic complexity at higher resolution. The dust mass loadings over North Africa are close to each other between V16 km‐NA and the quasi‐uniform resolution (∼120 km) (U120 km), while over East Asia, V16 km‐EA simulates higher dust mass loading. Over the non‐refined areas with the same resolution, the difference between global variable‐resolution and uniform‐resolution experiments also exists, which is partly related to their difference in dynamic time‐step and the coefficient for horizontal diffusion. Refinement at convection‐permitting resolution around the Tibetan Plateau (TP) simulates less dust due to its more efficient wet scavenging from resolved convective precipitation around the TP against coarse resolution. Plain Language Summary: Mineral dust plays an important role in Earth's climate system. Numerical simulation of dust and its impacts on a regional scale still has large uncertainties, partly due to the relatively coarse horizontal resolution. Limited‐area simulation at relatively high resolution can generally better characterize dust and its impacts on a regional scale; however, lateral boundary conditions may introduce some numerical issues and constrain regional feedback, such as dust‐cloud and dust‐radiation interactions, to large‐scale circulation. In this study, a novel modeling framework of atmospheric dust and its climatic feedbacks with the capability of global variable‐resolution simulation is established and evaluated. The model produces reasonable global spatial distributions of dust compared to observations and previous studies. The difference between the simulations at global quasi‐uniform resolution and global variable resolution with regional refinement over East Asia and North Africa is significant, particularly with refinement at convection‐permitting resolution. This model may be used in the future to provide new insights into the impacts of dust on regional and global climate systems. Key Points: A modeling framework of atmospheric dust with the capability of global variable‐resolution simulation is introduced and evaluatedExperiments with regional refinement produce less dust emissions and mass loading and smaller dry deposition due to weaker surface windRefinement at convection‐permitting resolution simulates stronger wet scavenging and less dust mass compared to coarse resolution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libellula angelina is an endangered dragonfly species that is native to East Asia. Recently, their population has become severely reduced through habitat loss. To protect L. angelina populations, we need to understand which factors determine their distribution and how their potential habitats will change in the future. In this study, the habitat preference of L. angelina was identified through field surveys, and the potential distribution of L. angelina and the impact of integrated climate–land cover changes were simulated using the MaxEnt model. Furthermore, the wetland loss scenario was applied to areas where the current trend in wetland loss will continue in the future. The field survey identified that L. angelina prefers small inland wetlands: permanent freshwater, ponds; permanent rivers, ponds; irrigated land; and estuarine waters. From the MaxEnt results, altitude was the variable with the greatest contribution and distance from wetlands was the most unique variable. MaxEnt described the geographic pattern of occurrences under the current climate well, with few areas requiring any further survey. In the future projection, the potential habitat area was increased by up to 48.8% and 30.6% in the 2050s and 2080s, respectively. However, potential habitat loss was expected if wetlands continue to decline as they have done in the last 20 years. The wetland loss scenario resulted in potential habitat losses of 1.9%–2.3% and 4.5%–6.1% in the 2050s and 2080s, respectively. Therefore, to protect L. angelina populations we must minimize the loss of current populations, secure wetlands and strengthen the connectivity between wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic overuse and the subsequent environmental contamination of residual antibiotics poses a public health crisis via an acceleration in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer. Although the occurrence, distribution, and driving factors of ARGs in soils have been widely investigated, little is known about the antibiotic resistance of soilborne pathogens at a global scale. To explore this gap, contigs from 1643 globally sourced metagnomes are assembled, yielding 407 ARG‐carrying pathogens (APs) with at least one ARG; APs are detected in 1443 samples (sample detection rate of 87.8%). The richness of APs is greater in agricultural soils (with a median of 20) than in non‐agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural soils possess a high prevalence of clinical APs affiliated with Escherichia, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus. The APs detected in agricultural soils tend to coexist with multidrug resistance genes and bacA. A global map of soil AP richness is generated, where anthropogenic and climatic factors explained AP hot spots in East Asia, South Asia, and the eastern United States. The results herein advance this understanding of the global distribution of soil APs and determine regions prioritized to control soilborne APs worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) frequently occur over Asia during the warm season, often producing intense precipitation with associated socioeconomic impacts. Here we reveal significant trends in MCS occurrence frequency and related precipitation in Asia during the warm season (March–September) in 2001–2020, using a tracking method that combines cloud and precipitation criteria with high‐resolution satellite data from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission. To examine whether there are differences between MCSs of different scales, both meso‐α scales (MαCSs) and meso‐β scales (MβCSs), with horizontal scales of 200–2,000 km and 20–200 km, are tracked. The distribution pattern of frequency and related precipitation of both MαCSs and MβCSs are quite similar and manifest positive trends over East Asia (EA) and Northeast Asia, and negative trend over Southeast Asia (SEA). The MCS precipitation trend contributes significantly to total precipitation trend, with MαCSs contributing the most. Our analysis indicates the trend in lower‐tropospheric water vapor flux convergence has a similar spatial pattern to the MCS frequency and related precipitation trend. Based on an atmospheric moisture flux decomposition analysis, the water vapor flux convergence trend can largely be explained by the change in horizontal wind convergence, while the specific humidity trend driven largely by temperature change plays a minor role. The trend in wind convergence in EA and SEA is possibly related to the evident trend in the lower‐tropospheric anticyclone over the western North Pacific and SEA, which might be due to the relatively stronger warming in the Indian Ocean during the past two decades. Plain Language Summary: Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) occur frequently in Asia during the warm season and usually bring hazardous weather events and a large proportion of rainfall. In this study, we investigate the changing trends in MCSs over Asia during the warm season (March–September) in 2001–2020, using the data derived by high‐resolution satellites. The results show that the MCS frequency and related rainfall increase in East Asia (EA) and Northeast Asia and decrease in Southeast Asia (SEA). These changes are related to a trend in water vapor flux convergence–the amount of water vapor being transported by the winds into a given region. This trend can either be caused by winds converging more into a region, or higher amounts of moisture upwind of the region. The trend is mainly explained by higher wind convergence and this largely explains MCS trends. The trend in water vapor, which itself is mainly driven by higher temperatures, also plays a role. The horizontal wind convergence trend in EA and SEA is related to the lower‐tropospheric anticyclone change over the western North Pacific and SEA, which might be a result of the stronger warming in the Indian Ocean during the past two decades. Key Points: Frequency and rainfall of Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) show positive trends over East Asia (EA) and Northeast Asia and negative trend over Southeast Asia (SEA) in 2001–2020MCS trends are related to trends in water vapor flux convergence which are mainly explained by horizontal wind convergence trendsHorizontal wind convergence trends over EA and SEA may be related to the relatively stronger warming in the Indian Ocean [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐precision earthquake catalog is made from continuous waveform data recorded at 360 portable seismographs deployed for one month in the Changbaishan‐Tianchi volcanic area based on an automatic earthquake detection and location workflow. Then we investigate detailed 3‐D structures of P and S wave velocities (Vp and Vs) and Vp/Vs ratio of the crust beneath the study region. Our results reveal a high‐Vp/Vs zone accompanied with active volcanic earthquakes beneath the Tianchi caldera at ∼5 km depth, which may reflect a magma chamber. The intense seismic activities within 2 km depth beneath the Tianchi caldera from 2002 to 2005 occurred directly above the magma chamber revealed by this study, which could be related to upward migration of high‐pressure volatiles originating from the magma chamber. A potential middle‐crustal magma chamber might provide continuous magmatic materials feeding the upper‐crust magma chamber and lead to ruptures of surrounding rocks, resulting in two swarms of volcanic seismicity during the observation period. We deem that the diverse eruption styles of the Changbaishan volcano are closely associated with the multilevel structure of magma chambers in the upper and middle crust. Plain Language Summary: It is difficult for the earthquake monitoring system to identify and locate microearthquakes by using traditional seismic detection methods due to their weak signals, leading to a relatively low quantity and quality of seismic data in a study region, which cannot meet the demands of high‐resolution seismic tomography. In this study, we detect and locate microseismic events beneath the Changbaishan‐Tianchi volcanic area using 1‐month waveform data recorded at our 360 portable seismographs deployed in the volcanic area. Then we investigate high‐resolution 3‐D crustal structures of P and S wave velocities (Vp, Vs) and Vp/Vs ratio beneath the study area. Our results reveal a possible crustal magma reservoir at ∼5 km depth beneath the Tianchi caldera, which is accompanied with volcanic earthquakes during our observation period. In addition, small earthquakes occurred actively at a depth of ∼2 km during 2002–2005, which are located right above the magma reservoir. We deem that the joint effect of magma reservoirs in the upper and middle crust could explain the active volcanic seismicity and distinctive eruption behaviors of the Changbaishan volcano. Key Points: A magma chamber at ∼5 km depth beneath the Tianchi caldera of the Changbaishan volcano (CBV) is revealedThe CBV unrest during 2002–2005 was related to reactivation of the crustal magma chamberDistinctive eruption behaviors of the volcano are related to multilevel magma chambers in the crust [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper updates the survey of labour markets in East Asia in APEL 4(2), September 1990. After an introductory section on major economic changes in the region, it describes trends in the labour supply, employment, wages and unemployment. The following sections give an account of developing labour market institutions, industrial relations and government regulation. The last section deals briefly with the impact of the Asian financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which examined the effects of productivity biases and real interest rate differentials on East-Asian real exchange rates. Background on real exchange rate; Methodology; Results of the study.

For the whole of East Asia, and for the world, the financial drama that came to international attention in the second quarter of 1997 has posed large questions about the operation of modern economies. While the expression 'Asian financial crisis' remains in the world's headlines, in February 1998 it would be more accurate to confine the term 'crisis' to Indonesia, Korea and Thailand, although some economies look more vulnerable to further complications than others, Vietnam amongst them. This paper examines the origins of the crisis and the manner in which it unfolded through 1997. It discusses possible consequences of recent events for long-term growth and structural change and economic thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development theory dealing with the highly industrialized countries of East Asia and Latin America has foundered in terms of its ability to generalize. The theories and concepts often are biased because they are derived from a selective and uneven reading of evidence from the two regions. This paper outlines the perceptions and misconceptions of a variety of theoretical perspectives on development, and then presents cross-regional evidence from East Asia and Latin America that suggests the need for a reformulation and synthesis of some of these earlier approaches. This theoretical synthesis focuses on three related themes: (I) the declining significance of industrialization; (2) the position of core and peripheral capital in commodity chains and export/marketing networks, which are becoming key units of analysis in the contemporary global manufacturing system; and (3) a new framework for differentiating the roles of the newly industrializing countries in the world economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines interest rates in nine Latin American and East Asian countries during the period 1987-1994. The goal is to discover why interest rates remained high, failing to converge to US levels, despite capital market liberalization and a resurgence of portfolio capital inflows during the second half of this sample period. Related questions are whether portfolio capital flows are strong enough to equalize expected returns between these 'emerging markets' and the US, and whether there is any scope left for the authorities to sterilize inflows. The conclusion of the study is that the largest single component of the gap in interest rates is expectations of depreciation of the local currencies against the dollar. The key to the analysis is the use of survey data on exchange rate forecasts by market participants. Indicative of integrated financial markets, we also find a big effect of US interest rates on local interest rates, and a highly significant degree of capital flow offset to monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this editorial, we introduce a Special Feature focusing on various aspects of temperate forest vegetation on the East Asian mainland ( China and Korea). The papers included in this Special Feature encompass a range of topics, including plot-based vegetation survey, analysis of vegetation change along broad-scale environmental gradients and dynamics of both successional and climax forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on the article "Innovation and Economic Growth in East Asia: An Overview" by A.G. Hu, which appeared in the 2015 issue of the journal "Asian Economic Policy Review." Topics discussed include the impact of technological innovation on economic growth, the use of research and development (R&D) expenditures to compare technological progress across East Asian economies and the importance of human capital in science and engineering.

Autumn precipitation in the central region of China (APCC) can considerably influence on agricultural production and human livelihood. With reanalysis data from 1979 to 2020, it revealed that APCC is significantly affected by the second mode of the meridional wind field at 200 hPa over the Eurasian continent on the interannual scale, which featured a quasi‐barotropic "+‐+" wave‐like pattern from Europe to China (EC pattern) in extratropical zone. When the EC pattern is in a positive phase, central China lags behind the downstream positive geopotential height (anticyclone) anomaly. In this context, the transport of moisture from the south and east is enhanced and the advancement of the southerly monsoon is blocked, providing sufficient water vapor to support the occurrence of APCC. Further diagnosis revealed that local ascending motion is strengthened owing to the warm advection induced by anomalous southerly and positive vorticity advection associated with the anomalous anticyclone over East Asia. Additionally, wave flux analysis and model simulation suggest that the EC pattern results from the propagation of stationary Rossby wave, which could be excited by dipole sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic. These discoveries will contribute to improving the predictability of APCC. Plain Language Summary: The interannual variability of autumn precipitation in central China (APCC) is largely affected by a wave train over the Eurasian continent (EC pattern), which can influence the local moisture and dynamic uplift conditions by an anomalous anticyclone over East Asia. The North Atlantic dipole sea surface temperatur anomalies play an important role in the prediction of APCC, and could stimulate an extratropical teleconnection to shape the EC pattern over the Eurasian continent, as confirmed in the linear baroclinic model. Key Points: The autumn rainfall in central China is related to the second mode of V200 (EOF2) over the Eurasian continent on interannual timescaleEOF2 features in a "+‐+" wave‐like pattern, resulting in an anticyclone anomaly over East Asia in its positive phaseExtratropical EOF2 pattern wave train could be excited by the North Atlantic dipole sea surface temperature anomaly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil pH is critically important in regulating soil nutrients and thus influencing the biodiversity and ecosystem functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the ongoing threat of nitrogen (N) pollution especially in the fast-developing regions, it remains unclear how increasing N deposition affects soil pH across global terrestrial ecosystems. By conducting a global meta-analysis with paired observations of soil pH under N addition and control from 634 studies spanning major types of terrestrial ecosystems, we show that soil acidification increases rapidly with N addition amount and is most severe in neutral-pH soils. Grassland soil pH decreases most strongly under high N addition while wetlands are the least acidified. By extrapolating these relationships to global mapping, we reveal that atmospheric N deposition leads to a global average soil pH decline of -0.16 in the past 40 years and regions encompassing Eastern United States, Southern Brazil, Europe, and South and East Asia are the hotspots of soil acidification under N deposition. Our results highlight that anthropogenically amplified atmospheric N deposition has profoundly altered global soil pH and chemistry. They suggest that atmospheric N deposition is a major threat to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the nexus between disaggregated energy consumption (EC), CO2 emissions, and economic growth in emerging South and East Asian countries over the period of 1994 to 2019. The long‐run equilibrium relationship is determined by using the "Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model" and the "Generalized least square (GLS) technique." The panel causality test developed by "Dumitrescu and Hurlin, 2012" determines the direction of causation between variables. Disaggregated EC and CO2 emissions positively affect economic growth in the research. The PMG estimate also validates the GLS findings, which produce the same results as the PMG estimation. To check the robustness, we also use FMOLS and DOLS estimators. The results confirm the feedback hypothesis for South and East Asian nations regarding energy uses, CO2 emissions, and economic growth. In contrast, there is unidirectional causality between industrial development and economic growth. These findings will help governments in South and East Asia craft effective energy policy regulations for their financial institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated surface concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to poor air quality and detrimental impacts on human health. These pollutants are also termed Near‐Term Climate Forcers (NTCFs) as they can also influence the Earth's radiative balance on timescales shorter than long‐lived greenhouse gases. Here we use the Earth system model, UKESM1, to simulate the change in surface ozone and PM2.5 concentrations from different NTCF mitigation scenarios, conducted as part of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). These are then combined with relative risk estimates and projected changes in population demographics, to estimate the mortality burden attributable to long‐term exposure to ambient air pollution. Scenarios that involve the strong mitigation of air pollutant emissions yield large future benefits to human health (25%), particularly across Asia for black carbon (7%), when compared to the future reference pathway. However, if anthropogenic emissions follow the reference pathway, then impacts to human health worsen over South Asia in the short term (11%) and across Africa (20%) in the longer term. Future climate change impacts on air pollutants can offset some of the health benefits achieved by emission mitigation measures over Europe for PM2.5 and East Asia for ozone. In addition, differences in the future chemical environment over regions are important considerations for mitigation measures to achieve the largest benefit to human health. Future policy measures to mitigate climate warming need to also consider the impact on air quality and human health across different regions to achieve the maximum co‐benefits. Plain Language Summary: Ground level ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are two major air pollutants that are associated with adverse effects to human health. In addition, changes in their atmospheric concentrations can also influence the rate of climate change on a timeframe shorter than that for long‐lived greenhouse gases. In this study we use a global Earth system model to simulate the change in concentrations of surface O3 and PM2.5 across numerous future mitigation scenarios, which are then used to quantify the impact on the air pollution health burden. A large reduction in the air pollutant health burden of the population, particularly across Asia, is calculated in scenarios that have large reductions in air pollutant sources. However, impacts on health can increase across large parts of Africa in a scenario where emissions of air pollutants are not reduced. Future climate warming increases the exposure to air pollutants across regions such as Europe and East Asia, with a detrimental impact on human health. Measures to limit future climate warming and improve regional air pollutant health burdens are interconnected and important to consider together when designing future policies. Key Points: Strong mitigation of aerosols and ozone precursors leads to large future benefits to the air pollution health burden, particularly over AsiaFuture climate change can offset the health benefits of a reduced air pollution health burden from emissions mitigation over Europe and East AsiaIt is important to consider future chemical environments when designing measures to maximize benefits to climate, air quality, and health [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface ozone (O3) pollution under global climate change has become one of the top environmental issues. In this study, we focused on the coastal region in Southeast China with relatively low O3 precursor's emissions and complicated synoptic conditions, where the O3 trends and meteorological contributions remain unclear. An increasing trend of O3 concentrations in the cities (0.3–4.6 μg m−3 yr−1) from 2015 to 2020 was observed. Twenty‐three synoptic patterns were clustered based on weather typing method, in which cyclone‐related types and southwesterly type were generally associated with low O3 concentrations, and high O3 levels occurred with anticyclone‐related types. Considering both frequency and intensity of synoptic patterns, reconstructed O3 series captured 46.0%–58.3% of the observed variability. Using Kolmogorov‐Zurbenko filter, an increasing trend of long‐term O3 was found. By implementing the multiple linear regression model between O3 concentrations and meteorological factors, the meteorological contributions to O3 variabilities (44.7%–66.1%) were quantified. The results indicated the meteorological conditions were particularly important in O3 pollution with the reductions of O3 precursor's emissions, among which relative humidity, boundary layer height, solar radiation along with low cloud cover were proved to play important roles. The weakening southwest winds along with more anti‐cyclone systems under climate change could increase surface O3. This study elucidated the crucial meteorological drivers on the O3 variability in relatively clean areas and implied the challenges for local governments to mitigate O3 pollution under global climate change. Plain Language Summary: Ozone (O3) pollution has become one of the top environmental issues in recent years and can be affected not only by O3 precursors (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides) but also meteorological condition. Under global climate change, there is a need to deeply understand the impact of meteorological factors on surface O3 concentrations with the decrease of O3 precursors. In this study, we focus on the coast area of Southeast China with relatively low O3 precursors emissions and influenced by the East Asia monsoon. Temporal and spatial variations of O3 concentrations along with the meteorological impacts on O3 variabilities from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. The results show that the relative meteorological contributions on O3 trends were 44.7%–66.1%. The higher temperature, lower relative humidity, more solar radiation, weakening southwest winds along with more anti‐cyclone systems under climate change could increase surface O3. This study is beneficial to understand different mechanisms of meteorological impacts on O3 variations in the relatively clean areas, and find out the key drivers to cause O3 pollution with the decrease of O3 precursors emissions and climate change. Key Points: Temporal and spatial variations of O3 concentrations in the coastal of southeast China from 2015 to 2020 were analyzedWeather typing was applied to identify the dominant synoptic patterns and related meteorological factors lead on high O3 concentrationThe contributions of synoptic patterns and meteorological factors on long‐term O3 trends were quantified [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the background of long‐term global warming, the northern hemisphere experienced an extremely hot summer in 2022 with the hottest on record for Europe and China, and the second‐hottest for North America and Asia. The hot summer concurred with a triple‐dip La Niña in the tropical Pacific. Given the extremity of the hot summer in East Asia in 2022, in this work, we examine the associated atmospheric circulation and assess the real‐time predictions from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME). Also, we identify the contributions of long‐term warming trends, sea surface temperature (SST) forcing, and an atmospheric feedback to the hot summer. The hot summer in East Asia in 2022 is due to the extremely strong and westward expanded western Pacific subtropical high. That leads to cloud cover reduction and increases in net downward shortwave radiation at the surface, and further strengthens the positive surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies. In contrast, the seasonal‐interannual variation of SST has a minor impact. Thus, the hot summer is mainly associated with the long‐term trend and amplified by the positive feedback among the SAT, cloud cover, and net downward shortwave radiation. NMME with the initial conditions in May 2022 predicts positive SAT anomalies in most regions of East Asia, but does not capture the observed spatial distribution pattern and amplitudes. The failure implies the challenge of state‐of‐the‐art climate models in predicting such extreme events. Plain Language Summary: In the context of global warming, the northern hemisphere experienced an extremely hot summer in 2022 with the hottest on record for Europe and China. The hot summer concurred with a triple‐dip La Niña in the tropical Pacific during 2020–2023. In this work, we examine the causes and assess the real‐time predictions and predictability of the hot summer in East Asia. The hot summer in 2022 is due to the extremely strong and westward expanded western Pacific subtropical high. For the averages in the main hot summer region in East Asia in 2022, the largest contribution is from the long‐term trend (∼50%), and for the rest 50%, half of them is from the feedback among atmospheric circulation‐surface air temperature‐cloud cover‐net downward shortwave radiation. In contrast, the seasonal‐interannual components of the global sea surface temperatures play a secondary role. Multi‐model ensemble with the initial conditions in May 2022 predicts positive surface air temperature anomalies in most regions of East Asia, especially in August. However, compared with the observations, both the spatial distribution pattern of surface air temperature anomalies and their amplitudes have distinguished biases in the North American Multimodel Ensemble predictions. The failure implies the challenge of state‐of‐the‐art climate models in predicting such extreme events. Key Points: The hot summer in East Asia in 2022 is due to the extremely strong and westward expanded western Pacific subtropical highThe hot summer is caused by the long‐term trend and amplified by positive feedback among the surface air temperature (SAT), cloud, and downward shortwave radiationNorth American Multi‐model Ensemble does not capture the observed spatial distribution pattern and amplitudes of SAT anomalies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Politics & Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Continuing the advances made in the later parts of the 20th century, East Asian economies and their higher education systems rapidly evolved in the first two decades of the twenty‐first century. Most East Asian countries are categorized as advanced economies with developed societies; however, issues such as aging populations, debt levels, and decreasing salary premiums for education are becoming increasingly apparent. Many of the higher education systems have reached or will soon reach a peak of massification, and a new set of challenges may emerge. In addition to ongoing challenges, for example, the need to foster further equity and internationalization, this study identifies three emergent or near future challenges for policymakers and higher education institution strategists to reflect on: the need to consolidate the system in view of decreasing enrollments; the need to reform higher education institutions to cope with potentially decreasing resources and the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and automation; and the need to realign academic research systems to ensure that the knowledge produced is more sustainable, collaborative, and meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five regional climate models (RCMs)—CCLM, RegCM, HadGEM3‐RA, SNURCM and WRF—participating in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia (CORDEX‐EA) Phase 2 project are evaluated for their ability to simulate spatiotemporal variability in Asian summer precipitation. For this purpose, two dynamical downscaling sets, experiments forced by ERA‐Interim reanalysis data (reproduction experiment) and historical data from three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) (historical experiment) are analysed. The horizontal resolution of the downscaled results is 25 km, and the analysis period is from 1981 to 2005 (25 years). The RCMs show reasonable performance in simulating the spatial and temporal characteristics of summer precipitation in CORDEX‐EA Phase 2 domain. To assess spatiotemporal patterns in Asian precipitation, cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis is used. In the first mode representing seasonal variations, the model ensemble results of both the reproduction experiment (Rep_ENS) and the historical experiment (His_ENS) simulate the peak times, location of precipitation and progression of the monsoons in Asia reasonably. Their features are greatly influenced by the moisture flux, indicating that the relation between precipitation and 850 hPa moisture flux is depicted well by RCM ensembles. In the second mode, which represents intraseasonal variations, the Rep_ENS depicts the western North Pacific summer monsoon break (WNPSM break) phenomenon similar to the observation. Although the His_ENS simulates the WNPSM break later than the observation, it does present the intraseasonal variation in the East Asian summer monsoon region. Based on these results, the five RCM ensemble results show the ability to capture spatiotemporal characteristics of summer precipitation in CORDEX‐EA Phase 2 domain, as well as added value from dynamical downscaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid‐latitudes, the strongly meandering jet stream has contributed to worldwide weather patterns and climate variations. However, the shape variations of the jet and its climatic impacts remain unclear. In this study, we introduced an ellipse‐fitting technique to fit the high‐value wind speeds and identified the location, shape, and strength variations of the winter‐averaged North Pacific jet (NPJ). Particularly, this method has the advantage of objectively detecting the shape variations of the NPJ, including the area and orientation. Focused on the NPJ shape, the area and orientation variations are generally out‐of‐phase, leading to a large‐straight jet and a small‐tilted jet. The shape variation of the NPJ is highly linked to the variations in both mean and extreme temperatures in winter over East Asia and North America. Associated with the small‐tilted NPJ, northern East Asia and northern North America frequently suffer from warm and cold events in winter, respectively, while associated with the large‐straight NPJ, the patterns are almost opposite but with an asymmetric distribution to the small‐tilted NPJ. The distribution of the 300 hPa wind speed anomalies shows a spatial‐asymmetric feature at the exit and entrance of the NPJ. Large positive (negative) anomalies and the poleward (equatorward) shift at the NPJ exit and locations downstream (170°E−140°W) act in combination on the formation and maintenance of the large‐straight (small‐tilted) jet, which may be strongly connected with the sea surface temperature variations and synoptic‐scale transient eddy activities there. Our findings would be helpful in providing potential indicators of temperature variations. Plain Language Summary: The shape of the upper‐level jet stream is closely associated with weather and climate variations, which is not clearly understood yet. In this study, we introduced an ellipse‐fitting technique to fit high‐value wind speeds and identify the location, shape, and strength variations of the North Pacific jet (NPJ). This method has the advantage of objectively detecting characteristics of the jet stream, particularly for shape variations. The shape variations of the NPJ are closely linked to the variations both in winter mean and extreme temperature, particularly over East Asia and North America. Associated with the small‐tilted NPJ, warm events would more frequently occur in the northern part of East Asia, while cold events would easily affect northern North America. Sea surface temperature anomalies and the increased presence of surface high and low‐pressure systems around the jet exit region may have a strong connection with the different structures of the NPJ. Our findings would be helpful in providing a potential indicator of temperature variations. Key Points: An ellipse‐fitting technique has been introduced to detect the jet stream automatically and objectivelyPrimary combinations of the North Pacific jet's (NPJ's) shape include a large‐straight and small‐tilted jetVariations in the NPJ's shape are highly linked to out‐of‐phase variations in temperature extremes over East Asia and North America [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigated the impact of the interannual variation in Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) on the summer heat wave frequency (HWF) over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) (HWF_ICP) for 1981–2020. This study shows that the spring TPSC variation over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) is positively correlated with the summer HWF_ICP and can explain up to 30% of the summer HWF_ICP variance. Analysis of the apparent heat source shows that more‐than‐normal spring snow cover over the central TP has a cooling effect on the above atmosphere, which induces negative geopotential height anomalies in the upper troposphere. The anomalous spring TPSC and its cooling effect can persist until summer. In summer, the TPSC‐associated low anomalies propagate eastward to the East Asia‐Japan Sea area. The anomalous westerly winds along the south flank of these low anomalies strengthen the climatological westerly jet. Changes in the westerlies are accompanied by anomalous ascending and descending air motion north and south of 30°N over the coast of East Asia and the western Pacific. The anomalous descending air motion south of 30°N causes an enhanced subtropical high, less cloud cover, and more downward solar radiation, which are favorable conditions for a greater occurrence of heat waves over the ICP. The results of current study may provide useful information for improving the seasonal forecast skill of the summer HWF_ICP variation. Plain Language Summary: In the context of global warming, extreme heat wave events occur frequently and threaten people's lives and property. The current study revealed that when the spring Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow is more‐than‐normal, the summer heat waves over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) appear more frequently. The current work investigates the possible reasons for the above link using observational analysis and numerical model experiments. Our results suggest that the TP snow can impact the summer heat waves over the ICP by stimulating an atmospheric wave and modulating the westerly jet over East Asia‐Japan Sea areas. The current work may provide clues to explain the variation of the HWF_ICP. In addition, our work may provide valuable information to improve the forecast skill of extreme heat waves. Key Points: The spring Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover was positively correlated with the summer heat wave frequency (HWF) over the Indochina Peninsula (HWF_ICP)The spring TP snow cover impacts the summer HWF_ICP through a propagating atmospheric wave patternTP spring snow cover has the potential to serve as a predictor for seasonal forecasting of the summer HWF_ICP [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Asian winter weather has altered dramatically in response to progressing climate change. However, analysis of time‐averaged atmospheric fields might obscure climate change signals that could relate to specific types of events. This study aimed to detect climate change signals for various background atmospheric fields by applying classification to daily surface pressure patterns. We found a pronounced trend of increase in surface air temperature over Japan since the 1980s, stronger than the seasonal mean trend, when dominating cold air advection from the Sea of Okhotsk. This cold air was warmed and humidified by the retreat of sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk. In contrast, the warming trend was mitigated when warm air advection was dominant. These results highlight the importance of daily background atmospheric conditions in amplifying and localizing the impact of regional climate change. Plain Language Summary: Winter weather in East Asia varies greatly depending on the daily surface pressure pattern. Hence, the impact of climate change could appear in different forms according to specific weather conditions. This study aimed to detect long‐term changes in atmospheric fields under various weather conditions. Focusing on the daily surface pressure patterns, analysis of East Asian winters showed substantial historical increase in surface air temperature when northerly cold air outbreaks brought colder air toward Japan, and the warming rate was stronger than the trend of the winter average. The retreat of sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk, located upwind of Japan, caused this local warming and humidification. In contrast, the warming trend was weaker for days when the pressure pattern brought warmer air toward Japan. This finding indicates that winter days with cold air flowing around Japan have been warming more strongly than warm winter days. Our analysis enables assessment of the impact of global warming on specific weather conditions of interest. Key Points: Historical changes in winter climate in Japan were decomposed based on pressure pattern classificationNortherly winter monsoon has been substantially warmed and humidified around Japan due to sea ice retreat in the upwind seaPressure patterns that cause stronger regional response to climate change were identified [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) can enhance the Maritime Continent rainfall (MCR) via frequent southward penetration of cold air along the coast of East Asia. However, such impact diminished after the late‐1990s, primarily due to the weakened covariation between the Siberian high and Aleutian low (AL). During 1979–1998, the co‐variability between the Siberian high and AL facilitates a strong east‐west pressure gradient over East Asia. The resultant northerlies invade southward and facilitate the enhanced MCR. In contrast, such covariation is weak during 2000–2018, and it impedes the southward invasion of northerly winds and diminishes EAWM's impact. Further inspections indicate that the weakened covariation is primarily caused by the reduced variability of the AL. The underlying mechanism is confirmed by the historical simulation of version 6 Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC6) that participates in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and numerical experiments with European Center‐Hamburg atmospheric model version 6.3 (ECHAM6). Plain Language Summary: East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is an important extratropical system to drive the variations of the Maritime Continent rainfall (MCR) via frequent southward penetration of cold air along the coast of East Asia. However, the EAWM's impact becomes diminished after the late‐1990s, and it is primarily rooted in the weakened covariation between the Siberian high (SH) and Aleutian low (AL). During 1979–1998, the co‐variability between the SH and AL causes a strong east‐west pressure gradient over East Asia. The resultant northerly winds invade southward along the coast of East Asia and facilitate the enhanced MCR. In contrast, during 2000–2018, the covariation is weak and diminishes EAWM's impact. Further analysis indicates that it is the weakened AL variability that determines the weakening of the covariation between the SH and AL. The phenomenon and the underlying mechanism are confirmed by the climate models. This study highlights the interdecadal variations of the EAWM in linking the Asian winter climate. Key Points: The impact of the East Asian winter monsoon on the Maritime Continent rainfall diminished after the late‐1990sIt arises from the weakened Siberian high–Aleutian low covariation that weakens northerly winds reaching the tropicsThe phenomenon and mechanisms are reproduced and validated by numerical experiments with two climate models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on welfare state regimes have been dominated by consideration of rich OECD/European and increasingly East Asian countries/territories, leaving South Asian cases such as Indonesia underexplored. The few existing studies that have explicitly tried to conceptualize the Indonesian welfare regime have resulted in little consensus. To address the resulting lack of clarity, this article reviews scholarly articles relevant to bringing Indonesia into the global welfare regime debate, specifically encapsulating how the country has been classified compared with its East Asia counterparts. Accordingly, we find that existing studies have mainly concentrated on the Indonesian health care and social protection expansion, which has led authors to conclude that this evolution demonstrates Indonesia's transition away from welfare productivism. By contrast, we argue that Indonesia's productivist characteristics have largely prevailed while informal networks, clientelism, strong families, and the limited effectiveness of the civil society movement created a specific social politics in Indonesia. We thus conclude that the causal mechanisms typically attributed to welfare development in more developed welfare geographies, including East Asia, cannot fully explain the evident institutional formation in the Indonesian case. The future research agenda for studying the welfare regimes in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1990s witnessed that East Asia has become a strong hub in global production networks of many information and communication technology (ICT) industries, and a considerable body of research attempts to explain the remarkable development and cluster of firms in the global production networks (GPN). It controversially concludes that the state, or varieties of nationalism such as techno-nationalism and mercantilism, only plays a contextual, rather than a constituent, role of the GPN, and could be taken as part of extra-firm bargaining problems in the GPN2.0 framework. Thanks to a $4.95 million university-level research grant, a GPN center set up at the National University of Singapore spent a substantial amount of money to purchase the customized databases from the leading global market information providers and rendered the empirical data analysis of firm transactions possible. [Extracted from the article]

Numerous insects including pests and beneficial species undertake windborne migrations over hundreds of kilometers. In East Asia, climate-induced changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation systems are affecting wind-fields and precipitation zones and these, in turn, are changing migration patterns. We examined the consequences in a serious rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) in East China. BPH cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The East Asian summer monsoon, characterized by abundant rainfall and southerly winds, is of critical importance for these northward movements. We analyzed a 42-year dataset of meteorological parameters and catches of BPH from a standardized network of 341 light-traps in South and East China. We show that south of the Yangtze River during summer, southwesterly winds have weakened and rainfall increased, while the summer precipitation has decreased further north on the Jianghuai Plain. Together, these changes have resulted in shorter migratory journeys for BPH leaving South China. As a result, pest outbreaks of BPH in the key rice-growing area of the Lower Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) have declined since 2001. We show that these changes to the East Asian summer monsoon weather parameters are driven by shifts in the position and intensity of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) system that have occurred during the last 20 years. As a result, the relationship between WPSH intensity and BPH immigration that was previously used to predict the size of the immigration to the LYRV has now broken down. Our results demonstrate that migration patterns of a serious rice pest have shifted in response to the climate-induced changes in precipitation and wind pattern, with significant consequences for the population management of migratory pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extended‐range predictability of three simulated extreme cold events in East Asia in the Community Atmosphere Model (version 4) control experiment, whose atmospheric circulation backgrounds are similar to two recent observational cases, is investigated. The results show that they have a predictability of four pentads. Then, we evaluate the extent of the forecast uncertainty in the 4th pentad caused by the initial atmospheric uncertainties in the Arctic, which are large due to sparse instrumental observations. The initial uncertainty leading to the largest forecast uncertainty is obtained by the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method, and referred to as the CNOP‐type initial uncertainty. The forecast of the cold surge in the 4th pentad fails after adding the CNOP‐type initial uncertainty at day 0. In comparison, the forecast uncertainties are much weaker when the initial conditions are perturbed by noises, and the weaker influence may be due to the noises' lack of spatial structure. In terms of how the CNOP‐type initial uncertainty develops, a baroclinic structure is seen in the uncertainties on the first 2 days, followed by a propagating Rossby wave feature from the 2nd pentad to the 4th pentad. Meanwhile, synoptic transient eddy feedback also plays an essential role. The results suggest that the CNOP‐type initial uncertainty has potential to identify sensitive areas for targeted observations; plus, it could serve as a member of ensemble initial perturbations, since it indicates the largest uncertainty growth. Plain Language Summary: Although the notable global warming trend continues, extreme cold events in East Asia remain a common feature during the winter season and cause huge socio‐economic impacts. The atmospheric initial conditions are crucial for the prediction over East Asia. However, they have large uncertainties in the Arctic due to the sparse coverage of conventional data. Utilizing the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method, what extent the initial uncertainty in the Arctic can influence the prediction of cold surges is investigated. The results demonstrate that initial Arctic uncertainty can lead to the prediction of cold events in fourth pentad failure. Such initial uncertainty may provide potential application in the identification of sensitive areas for targeted observations. Key Points: The predictability of three simulated extreme cold events in East Asia by CAM4 reaches four pentadsThe conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation‐type initial uncertainty in the Arctic can lead to an extreme cold event appearing as a normal or warm event in the 4th pentadThe forecast uncertainty caused by the noise in the Arctic is weak in the 4th pentad [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust devils play an important role in dust transport by carrying it from the surface into the atmosphere, especially in summer. However, information on how dust devils changed in the past decades and what caused these changes remains lacking. Based on thermodynamic criteria and ERA5 reanalysis data set, this study investigated the long‐term variation of favorable conditions for dust devil occurrence in East Asia over the past 63 years and defined it as potential dust devil and dusty plume (PDDP) occurrence in hours. Annual mean frequency of PDDP in East Asia was approximately 217.2 hr from 1959 to 2021. An overall downward trend in PDDP frequency has been found over 63 years in East Asia among which strong PDDPs drop significantly at the fastest rate while the weak ones dropped insignificantly. Moreover, PDDP frequency in the Gobi Desert increased but they decreased in the Taklimakan Desert. The monthly variation of PDDP shows a single‐peak structure with a tendency for the peak to move from June to July. For the diurnal changes, PDDP mainly occurred between 10:00 and 16:00 at local time (LT), with over 60% of them happening between 12:00 LT and 14:00 LT. We also found a negative correlation between precipitation and PDDP occurrence. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of favorable conditions for dust devil occurrence in East Asia over the past decades, which is of great importance to further evaluate its impact on climate, environment as well as ecosystem. Plain Language Summary: Dust devils are convective vertical vortices, commonly found during summer in arid and semi‐arid regions. Since dust storms usually occur in spring and winter but rarely in summer, dust devils become a major means of transporting dust aerosols into the atmosphere in summer which could have further impacts on weather and climate with aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions. In addition, the dust that has been lifted in the atmosphere could function as a carrier of bioaerosols which are efficient ice nuclei and cause adverse health effects. Therefore, dust devils have great research significance. In this study, we investigated the long‐term trend of favorable conditions for dust devil occurrence and defined it as potential dust devil and dusty plume (PDDP). We have found an overall downward trend of PDDP occurrence in East Asia during 1959–2021 where the strong ones dropped significantly at the fastest rate. For small regions, PDDP in the Taklimakan Desert decreased during 1959–2021 while they increased significantly in the Gobi Desert. There is also a negative correlation between precipitation and PDDP frequency. Key Points: An overall downward trend in potential dust devil and dusty plume (PDDP) frequency was found in East Asia during 1959–2021PDDP occurrence in the Taklimakan Desert decreased during 1959–2021 while they increased significantly in the Gobi DesertThere is a negative correlation between precipitation and PDDP frequency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought risk assessment can identify high‐risk areas and bridge the gap between impacts and adaptation. It is thus vital to investigate changes in drought risk and exposed social economy under climate change. Here, the future global meteorological drought risk is projected for the 2021–2100 period under four combined scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), i.e., SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5. And then the exposed population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) under high risk are analyzed. Drought risk will further strengthen in the future under SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5, with large increases distributed in South Asia, the Mediterranean, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The strongest increasing trends in drought risk are concentrated in equatorial regions including South Asia, West Africa, and Central America. A large percentage of the population and economy are exposed to high drought risk. The exposed population under the highest risk level is the largest under SSP5‐8.5 and the smallest under SSP3‐7.0 for regions in North America, while being the largest under SSP3‐7.0 for other regions. The exposed GDP under the highest risk level is the highest under SSP5‐8.5 and the lowest under SSP3‐7.0, while the disparity among diverse scenarios is larger for the rich regions than the developing ones. Plain Language Summary: Drought increasingly affects society, economy, and ecosystems as a frequent natural disaster. Drought risk assessment can help understand the extent of drought threat to the human system. Therefore, we projected 0.5° × 0.5° future drought risk for the 2021–2100 period under four scenarios and investigated the exposed population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) under high risk. We find that high‐risk regions mainly concentrate in South Asia, the Mediterranean, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central America, eastern North America, North Europe, and West Africa, and global drought risk will increase in the future. The population exposed to high drought risk for South Asia, West Africa, and East Asia is much larger than other regions. GDP exposed to high drought risk is the largest for East and South Asia. Large exposed population and GDP occur under high forcing fossil‐fueled development pathways. Our findings help policymakers develop adaptive disaster prevention measures. Key Points: Drought risk will increase worldwide in the future, being the highest under SSP5‐8.5 and the lowest under SSP1‐2.6 for most regionsExposed population under high risk is the largest under SSP5‐8.5 for regions in North America while under SSP3‐7.0 for other regionsExposed Gross Domestic Product under high risk is significantly higher under SSP5‐8.5 than the other scenarios and the lowest under SSP3‐7.0 for all regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early winter of 2020/2021, East Asia experienced two extreme cold events (ECEs), during which a number of national stations in China reached the standard of ECE or broke records. The underlying dynamical processes of these record‐breaking ECEs are investigated using Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 reanalysis dataset. Results show that these ECEs were closely related to the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. During 29 December, 2020–1 January, 2021 (the first ECE), the tropospheric polar vortex migrated to mid‐latitude East Asia and more planetary wave propagated into the stratosphere. Then, the stratospheric polar vortex weakened and extended to mid‐latitude East Asia from 2 January. And, a SSW event occurred on 5 January. The easterly zonal wind accompanied by the deformation of stratospheric polar vortex over East Asia tended to strengthen the East Asian trough via reflecting the planetary wave from the stratosphere to troposphere. Simultaneously, the southward shifting of the Ural ridge resulted in the extremely strong East Asian trough migrating southward, which led to the strengthening and southward migration of near‐surface anticyclonic circulation. Then, another ECE broke out during 6–7 January (the second ECE). Therefore, the ECE in early January was jointly caused by the combined effects of deformation of stratospheric polar vortex during SSW event and the southward shifting of Ural ridge. Further analysis suggested that about 8% of the total ECEs during 1980/1981–2019/2020 were related to the extension of stratospheric polar vortex to East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice extends the area of open ocean for new trans‐Arctic shipping routes. However, the projected routes may be too optimistic in terms of savings in shipping costs from shortened trans‐Arctic distances as they do not consider the increased sea fog frequency (SFF) over areas of the retreating sea ice. We show that delays due to sea fog can be 1–4 days, about 23%–27% along the Northwest Passage and 4%–11% along the Northern Sea Route than previous estimated. We design a route based on the projected sea‐ice extent and SFF. The new route can reduce the sailing time by 0.3–1 day by detouring the routes with lighter impacts of sea fog. More importantly the new route will lower the risk of catastrophic accidents compared to the shortest route and saves the additional costs due to unscheduled port calls. Plain Language Summary: Rapid loss of sea ice under global warming opens up the Arctic Ocean to shipping. The available trans‐Arctic shipping in the near future will strongly decrease sailing time and financial costs from the Far East to Northwest Europe. Previous designs of trans‐Arctic shipping routes mainly considered sea ice distribution, but ignored the important effect of frequent and high‐risk polar sea fog. Here, we project Arctic sea fog frequency in 21st century and evaluate its influence on trans‐Arctic shipping routes. The results highlight the necessity to redesign the routes by including sea fog effect for safer ship navigation. Key Points: About 20%–30% of Arctic shipping routes experience frequent sea fog frequency more than 20%Sea fog increases the shipping time by 23%–27% along the Northwest Passage and 4%–11% along the Northern Sea Route than previous estimationsShipping routes by minimizing the impacts of sea fog can save 0.3–1 days sailing time by detouring dense‐sea‐fog region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies suggested that fast‐decay El Niño events are more favorable in generating the western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) in the decaying summer. However, we found that this is not the case for all fast‐decay El Niño events. By comparing two groups of fast‐decay El Niño events with significant and insignificant WNPAC in the following summer, we found that the westward extension of the equatorial Pacific cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and the subtropical central‐north Pacific cold SSTA play important roles in the generation and intensification of the WNPAC during decaying summer. Further analyses indicated that the internal atmospheric mode—North Pacific Oscillation during boreal spring can affect the formation of the cold SSTA over the subtropical central‐north Pacific and the westward extension of the equatorial Pacific cold SSTA during summer. Additional effects of tropical Indian and Atlantic forcing on the maintenance of the WNPAC are also shown. Plain Language Summary: The boreal summer western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) is an important low‐level circulation over the western Pacific, which can have great impacts on the East Asia climate. Previous studies pointed out that the fast‐decay El Niño events are favorable in inducing the WNPAC in the decaying summer. However, our observational and modeling results suggested that not all the fast‐decay El Niño events can generate WNPAC in the decaying summer. By dividing fast‐decay El Niño events into two groups, one with significant WNPAC in the following summer and the other without, we found that the difference in the equatorial Pacific cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) westward extension, the subtropical central‐northern Pacific cold SSTA and the tropical Indian/Atlantic warm SSTA are important in causing the diverse response of the WNPAC to the fast‐decay El Niño events during decaying summer. Further analyses indicated that the internal atmospheric mode—North Pacific Oscillation during boreal spring can affect the cold SSTA over the subtropical central‐north Pacific and the westward extension of the equatorial Pacific cold SSTA during boreal summer. The tropical Indian and Atlantic warming, can also directly influence the WNPAC intensity or feedback to the equatorial and subtropical Pacific cooling to influence the WNPAC. Key Points: Fast‐decay El Niño is more favorable in generating western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) in the decaying summer but this is not the case for all fast‐decay El NiñoEquatorial Pacific, subtropical Pacific cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and tropical Indian/Atlantic warm SSTA in summer are key to the diverse response of WNPACThe spring North Pacific Oscillation is important in causing the diverse equatorial and subtropical Pacific cold SSTA forcing in summer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a regional coupled model for the western North Pacific (WNP) and East Asian region. The atmospheric/oceanic component of the coupled model was the Weather Research and Forecasting and the Regional Ocean Modeling System, coupled through the National Center for Atmospheric Research Coupler version 7 (CPL7). An evaluation is provided through the simulation of the climatology and interannual variability of the summer monsoon climate from 1982 to 2015. The coupled model is also compared with a solely atmospheric run, which is driven by the observed sea surface temperature (SST) as the surface boundary. The results show that the coupled model has good capability in modeling the climate in the WNP and East Asian domain, including the climatology of summer precipitation and circulation, the subseasonal (month‐to‐month) variation in the western Pacific subtropical high and associated precipitation, and the seasonal cycle of the East Asian rain belt. One merit of this model is its ability to simulate the northward and eastward shift from early to late summer. With respect to the interannual variability, the model captures the spatial pattern of the leading mode of summer precipitation, with a north–south dipole mode in the studied region. The model also reproduces the larger SST variability in the northern part of this region. The temporal correlation coefficient between the coupled simulation and observation was 0.70 for the precipitation and 0.53 for the SST leading mode. The coupled model also captures the precipitation–SST relationship, which results from reasonably considering the air–sea coupling processes in the coupled run. Plain Language Summary: Due to the resolution of global models is relatively coarse and cannot describe the regional features, especially in the monsoon regions, regional climate model is an essential solution for regional climate simulation and projection. Compared with atmospheric alone model which is driven by prescribed sea surface temperature, regional air‐sea coupled model can describe reasonably the air‐sea coupling processes and has better performance. In this study, an regional coupled model is developed based on the Community Earth System Model coupler version 7 framework. Based on our analysis, the regional coupled model reasonably reproduced most key characteristics in the East Asian monsoon region. In addition to being used in regional climate simulation and projection, it can also be conveniently coupled with global models through the coupler 7. Thus with this useful tool in future we can develop global‐regional two‐way coupling simulation system for climate predictions and projections. Key Points: A regional coupled model is developed for East Asia and western North Pacific region based on Community Earth System Model frameworkClimatology and interannual variability of the summer monsoon climate have been evaluatedThe model can well capture the climatological northward and eastward movements of the western Pacific subtropical high from June to August [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief account of the biography of Richard Maack (1825–1886) is provided, with an emphasis on his botanical travels and research presented in the context of contemporary politics and sciences. The history of three Siberian expeditions of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society is detailed: to the Viluy River in 1853–1855, to the Amur River in 1855–1856 and to the Ussuri River in 1859–1860. Scientific and curatorial treatments of botanical collections of these expeditions are reviewed. The botanical works based on the Amur and Ussuri expeditions are analysed, and more precise dates of their effective publication are traced from contemporary sources. The corrected nomenclature is provided for Carex wiluica, Chloranthus mandshuricus, Ligustrina and Nymphaea wenzelii. Chloranthus japonicus is re‐established as the correct name for C. mandshuricus in place of the recently resurrected C. quadrifolius. Lectotypes are designated for Carex wiluica, Chloranthus japonicus and C. mandshuricus; the previously designated lectotype of C. japonicus is superseded because of being in conflict with the protologue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we analysed the long‐term change in extreme hot days (EHDs) in East Asia during boreal summer (June–July–August) since 1979, where EHDs was defined as days exceeding or equalling the 90th percentile threshold of the climatological (1991–2020) daily Tmax and Tmin. EHDs frequency occurrence in East Asia during summer showed not only an increasing trend but also a distinct regime shift increase since the late 1990s. Based on this regime shift, we divided these years into two periods, P1 (1979–1998) and P2 (1999–2021), and found that different physical processes operated for each period's EHDs variability. P2's EHDs was related to the stationary wave originating from both the North Atlantic Ocean and the Indo‐Pacific warm pool, but these influences did not appear in P1. To investigate whether the observed regime shift increase was caused by natural variability or greenhouse gas concentration increases, we conducted a CO2 quadrupling experiment as well as a present‐day experiment with a fixed CO2 concentration using the Community Earth System Model with 28 ensemble members. We demonstrated that the regime shift increase of East Asian EHDs occurrences was due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. We further discussed the influence of Arctic sea ice reduction due to global warming on EHDs occurrences in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is a recurring challenge, especially in the arid and semi‐arid regions. Therefore, understanding its spatial and temporal variation is important for pre‐disaster planning and sustainable water resource management during drought. However, the sparse and short length of the instrumental records in midlatitude East Asia hampered the full understanding of drought variation, especially at multidecadal and longer timescales. Here, we compiled a tree‐ring network of 364 chronologies in midlatitude East Asia and reconstructed the variation of the averaged May–August Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, for the period 1501–2000 CE. The reconstruction captured the spatial and temporal variation of actual drought well and has a strong association with a drought atlas that was derived from historical documents. The study area has experienced an expansion of dry areas during the past decades; however, it is still within the natural variability of the past half millennium. According to drought variation during the instrumental period, the study area was divided into four subregions; however, running correlations showed that drought variation in some subregions was similar in past centuries, except in recent decades. This study provides new data for understanding the spatiotemporal variability of drought in midlatitude East Asia, and the vanished correlation between drought variation in some regions during the past decades indicates the complex forcing mechanism of regional drought variation. Plain Language Summary: We present a 500‐year drought reconstruction for midlatitude East Asia with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, by using a tree‐ring network of 364 chronologies. Based on this reconstruction, we found that the recent dry area expansion in midlatitude East Asia is still within the range of natural variability of the past 500 years. Our results also showed that, except for the past several decades, the drought variation in some subregions was significantly correlated. Key Points: We reconstructed drought variation of midlatitude East Asia over the past half millennium at a spatial resolution of 0.5°The recent drying and dry area expansion are within the range of natural variability of the reconstructionIn some regions, drought variations are currently uncorrelated, but have been similar in past centuries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acting as efficient ice‐nucleating particles, dust particles can affect cirrus cloud properties through heterogeneous nucleation. A dust‐infused baroclinic storm (DIBS) over East Asia in May 2017 was examined using satellite observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF‐Chem) to study the dust effects on cirrus clouds. Satellite observations showed that the ice number concentration (Nice) was extremely high, exceeding 1–10 cm−3 at the cirrus shield of the DIBS, and the ice effective radius (rei) was about 10–30 μm. An aerosol‐aware heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterization (Ullrich et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0074.1) was implemented into WRF‐Chem to explore the formation mechanism of such a high Nice. The simulated Nice from Ullrich17 was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that from the default scheme (Cooper, 1986, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-17-1%5f4), and the rei was 2–3 times smaller. The results from Ullrich17 were more consistent with satellite observations, which can be attributed to the enhanced deposition nucleation from the high dust concentrations. Our results demonstrated that the extremely high Nice could be fully explained by the heterogeneous nucleation of dust particles in DIBS. A conceptual framework is proposed to explain the dust‐cloud interactions in DIBS. This study confirms the significant dust effects on cirrus clouds in DIBS and highlights the importance of using aerosol‐aware ice nucleation parameterizations in modeling cirrus clouds when the dust is present. Plain Language Summary: Cirrus clouds have a significant impact on the Earth's radiative budget and climate. Dust particles are efficient ice nucleating particles for enabling the ice formation process in cirrus clouds. We found extremely high ice number concentrations at the top cirrus shield of dust‐infused extratropical cyclone clouds using satellite observations. To understand how such high concentrations of ice crystals form, we implemented an aerosol‐aware ice nucleation parameterization into a regional chemistry‐climate model. The simulated ice number concentration and ice effective radius were significantly improved when using the newly added ice nucleation scheme. According to satellite observations and model results analysis, we proposed a conceptual framework for the formation mechanism of such high ice concentrations. Dust particles were transported to the altitude of the cirrus shield through the warm conveyor belt, and numerous ice crystals were formed from the deposition nucleation on dust particles with the consumption of water vapor. This study confirms the significant dust effects on cirrus shields in dust‐infused extratropical cyclone clouds. Future modeling work on cirrus clouds associated with dust should take the aerosol effects into account. Key Points: Extremely high concentrations of ice particles in dust‐infused baroclinic storm (DIBS) cirrus shield by the heterogeneous deposition nucleation of dust particles were foundThe importance of aerosol‐aware ice nucleation parameterizations in modeling dust‐cloud interactions within DIBS was demonstratedThe conceptual framework is proposed to explain the dust‐cloud interactions in DIBS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insight into the evolution of Philippine Sea‐South China Sea (SCS) plate motions helps reveal the driving mechanisms of the long‐term tectonic complexity in Southeast Asia. Here, based on the integration of the most recent geological and seismic data, we present a new plate reconstruction model for this region characterized by back‐arc extension and subduction since the Eocene. We suggest that the western boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate was a constant sinistral strike‐slip fault at 55–22 Ma with a clockwise self‐rotation. The connection between the SCS and Shikoku Ridges possibly initiates at 30 Ma, when their spreading times overlapped indicating an affinitive origin and magma source. Regional‐scale geodynamic simulations interfaced with our reconstructed plate motion indicate that the seismic high‐velocity body under the SCS is likely to be the leading edge of the Pacific Slab. Plain Language Summary: Since 55 million years ago, East Asia has been going through a complex plate recombination. Several quantitative plate motion models have been published, but there remain several irrationalities, for example, a footwall plate was moving away from the trench. We established a new model for the Philippine Sea‐South China Sea (SCS) region as an improvement. Our model provides a smooth movement of the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from the equatorial zone to its present position, with a clockwise rotation. Based on it, we deduce: (a) the western boundary of the PSP was a sinistral strike‐slip fault; (b) the spreading ridges in SCS and Shikoku Basin were connected at 30 Ma; (c) the stagnant slab under the SCS is a part of the subducting Pacific Slab. Key Points: A new plate reconstruction model of Philippine Sea‐South China Sea (SCS) region since 55 Ma by integrating the latest geological geophysical dataThe western boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate was a constant sinistral strike‐slip fault at 55–22 MaThe geodynamic model indicates the seismic high‐velocity body under the SCS likely to be the leading edge of the Pacific Slab [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long‐range U.S. summer rainfall prediction skill is low. Monsoon variability, especially over the West North Pacific Monsoon (WNPM) and/or East Asian Monsoon (EAM) region, can influence U.S. Great Plains hydroclimate variability via a forced Rossby wave response. Here, we explored subseasonal monsoon variability as a source of predictability for Great Plains rainfall. The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is related to Great Plains convection and Great Plains low‐level jet (LLJ) anomalies as well as a cross‐Pacific wave train. Using a causal effect network, we found that the time between BSISO‐related geopotential height anomalies and Great Plains rainfall anomalies is about 2 weeks; therefore, BSISO convection may be a valuable forecast of opportunity for subseasonal prediction of Great Plains convection anomalies. More specifically, causal link patterns/maps revealed that the above‐normal weekly EAM rainfall, rather than WNPM rainfall or general geopotential height activity over the East Asia, was causally linked to Great Plains LLJ strengthening and active Great Plains convection the following week. Plain Language Summary: Forecasting U.S. summer rainfall out past ∼7–10 days, considered the subseasonal timescale, is a challenge. However, there are times when subseasonal forecast skill is relatively higher due to propagating atmospheric waves from remote climate events. The West North Pacific Monsoon (WNPM) and East Asian Monsoon (EAM) can provide a remote influence via their related heating triggering atmospheric waves. Using an algorithm that effectively identifies and quantifies cause‐and‐effect relationships, we constructed a network that connects EAM rainfall and Great Plains rainfall via these atmospheric waves. We found that above‐normal EAM rainfall, rather than WNPM rainfall or general atmospheric wave activity over the East Asia, was causally linked to active Great Plains convection the following week. Therefore, monsoon variability, especially over the EAM region, might be a valuable source of subseasonal predictability for U.S. summer rainfall. Key Points: Subseasonal monsoon variability is linked to rainfall signals over U.S. Great Plains and its associated dynamical driversA cause‐and‐effect algorithm verified a pathway from regional monsoon rainfall to Great Plains rainfall, which takes approximately 2 weeksWeekly East Asian monsoon rainfall is causally linked to Rossby wave excitation and active Great Plains convection about 1 week later [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and empirical orthogonal function analysis, a "northeast‐southwest" dipole pattern of spring vegetation in mid‐high latitude Asia was detected. This pattern was revealed to be associated with the autumn sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies in the Barents‐Laptev Seas on the interannual variability. Increased autumn SIC over the Barents‐Laptev Seas tends to increase spring NDVI over the west of Lake Baikal and decrease spring NDVI in the Russian Far East. Further analyses indicated that the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies persisting from winter to spring over the Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific play an important role in such a relationship. Increased autumn SIC over the Barents‐Laptev Seas is associated with a teleconnection pattern over the mid‐high latitudes in the following winter, accompanied by anomalous anticyclonic circulations over the Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific. Such changes in the large‐scale circulations induce downward net heat flux anomalies over the Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific, thereby contributing to the warming of SST which may persist to spring and in turn influence the atmospheric circulations. The Northeast Atlantic SST warming in spring may evoke a downstream wave train and cause positive geopotential height anomalies over the west of Lake Baikal, which increases local temperature and hence the vegetation. The Northwest Pacific SST warming in spring may lead to negative geopotential height anomalies over the Russian Far East through a meridional wave train, consequently resulting in a decrease in local temperature and hence vegetation. Plain Language Summary: The complex relationship between the climate and vegetation dynamics has been receiving a great deal of research attention. While much is known about how spring vegetation is controlled by the basic conditions such as temperature and precipitation, few studies have examined the response of the vegetation to Arctic sea ice. Our results reveal that the "northeast‐southwest" dipole pattern of spring vegetation in mid‐high latitude Asia is closely related to the preceding autumn sea ice concentration in the Barents‐Laptev Seas. The sea surface temperature anomalies persisting from winter to spring over the Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific play an important role in bridging such a relationship. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the change in spring vegetation over mid‐high latitude Asia. Key Points: A "northeast‐southwest" dipole pattern of spring vegetation is detected over mid‐high latitude AsiaThe spring vegetation dipole pattern is linked to the preceding autumn sea ice variation in the Barents‐Laptev SeasThe sea surface temperatures in the Northeast Atlantic and Northwest Pacific play an important role in bridging such a lag linkage [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern is the dominant teleconnection over East Asia, closely related to the summer precipitation on various time scales. However, studies on the connection between the interdecadal variations of the PJ pattern and sea surface temperature (SST) forcing are still limited. This study indicates that the relationship between the PJ pattern and ENSO presents a pronounced interdecadal change around 1997/1998. The PJ pattern shows a baroclinic structure over the northwest Pacific and a barotropic structure near Japan during 1979–1997, while its baroclinic structure in the tropics weakens remarkably during 1998–2021, with a southward shift of its midlatitude barotropic structure. As a result, the connection between the PJ pattern and summer precipitation over East Asia exhibits an interdecadal transition in the late 1990s. In the slow La Niña decaying summer of 1979–1997, the cold SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) excite an eastward‐propagating Kelvin wave that enhances convection over the northwest Pacific, resulting in the formation of the PJ pattern. In contrast, the cold SST anomalies in the Maritime Continent rather than the TIO yield a zonally confined Kelvin wave in the rapid La Niña decaying summer of 1998–2021. The elongated Kelvin wave penetrating the central Pacific weakens convective anomalies over the northwest Pacific, thereby weakening the baroclinic structure of the PJ pattern in the tropics. Meanwhile, the warm SST anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) induce a northward shift of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet, with the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the KE significantly affecting summer precipitation along the Meiyu belt. Therefore, the midlatitude barotropic structure of the PJ pattern shifts southward after the late 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the mechanisms that drive phenotypic and genetic divergence by species has been a central topic in evolutionary biology for many years. However, the relative contributions of isolation by distance (IBD) and environment factors to species divergence are largely unknown in perennial herbs in East Asia. In this study, we collected population genetic samples of the cold‐tolerant perennial herb Notopterygium oviforme R. H. Shan in central China. We integrated the population transcriptomes, whole chloroplast genomes, genotyping‐by‐sequencing, microsatellite markers, and ecological factors to determine the relative contributions of geography, climate, and soil factors to genetic, chemical, and phenotypic divergence. A clear genetic distinction was identified between the West Qinling and East Qinling Mountains geographical groups of N. oviforme based on various molecular datasets. Interestingly, obvious niche conservation might have been responsible for the similarity of most of the leaf functional traits in the two groups. Multiple matrix regression with randomization analysis showed that the spatial intraspecific divergence pattern was mainly due to IBD rather than isolation by environment. In addition, transcriptomic expression divergence and some ecological factors have played key roles in intraspecific lineage differentiation. Approximate Bayesian Computation showed that both lineages have experienced historical population expansion and recent range contraction. Molecular dating suggested that intraspecific divergence was closely associated with dramatic uplifts of the Qinling Mountains in East Asia. These results demonstrate that geographical, geological, and environmental factors together shaped cryptic intraspecific diversification and shifts in the population dynamics of the perennial cold‐tolerant herb N. oviforme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces several articles on the empirical and institutional aspects of monetary and financial integration in East Asia.

The impact of autumn Arctic sea ice reduction on the winter climate in Eurasia has been widely studied, but the role of the atmospheric circulation of the preceding summer has been mostly neglected. This study investigates a linkage between the summer Arctic circulation anomaly and the ensuing East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) variability. The Arctic circulation anomaly, characterized by an anomalous anti‐cyclone occupying the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas, can strongly melt Arctic sea ice in the Kara Sea‐Laptev Sea‐East Siberian Sea‐Chukchi Sea‐Beaufort Sea through dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The combination of the summer anti‐cyclone (cyclone) anomaly and light (heavy) autumn sea ice leads to an enhanced (weakened) EAWM. By introducing the coupling relationship between summer circulation and autumn sea ice into numerical experiments, the Community Atmospheric Model version 4 model has a good capability for capturing EAWM variability. Nevertheless, the dominant features of EAWM variability cannot be reproduced when the autumn sea ice mismatches the preceding summer circulation in the model. Therefore, the preceding summer circulation may modulate the impact of sea ice on Eurasia to some extent, which may increase uncertainties in the impact of Arctic sea ice loss on winter atmospheric circulation variability. Plain Language Summary: The enhanced East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) leads to cold winter and has a significant impact on the economy, agriculture, and the lives of more than one billion people in East Asia, and the reduced autumn Arctic sea ice is generally believed to influence EAWM variability with great uncertainties due to strong atmospheric internal variability and impacts of other factors. In this study, through observational analysis and large ensemble model simulation experiments, a coupling relationship between the summer Arctic anti‐cyclone anomaly and the Arctic sea ice and their synergistic effect on EAWM variability are investigated. The summer anti‐cyclone anomaly over the Arctic corresponds to light sea ice and enhanced EAWM. Model experiments show that the summer initial conditions may modulate the lag impact of sea ice boundary conditions on winter circulation. Therefore, it is important to consider the synergistic effect of initial conditions and boundary conditions for predicting EAWM and winter surface temperature. Key Points: The Arctic anti‐cyclone (cyclone) anomaly in summer is a great predictor of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM)The combination of summer anti‐cyclone (cyclone) anomaly and light (heavy) autumn sea ice leads to an enhanced (weakened) EAWMFailure to consider the synergistic effect of initial conditions and sea ice may be one reason for the uncertainty of sea ice effect [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]