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At specified depths, ground temperature remains almost constant at 15°C, above atmospheric temperatures in winter and below those in summer. Ground thermal energy systems technology circulates water or brine through a heat‐collection tube buried underground and uses the ground thermal energy for air conditioning. However, depending on the facility, the total length of the heat‐collection tube can be several hundred meters. As a result, the pump can require significant electric power. In this study, we adopted a drag‐reduction technique using a cationic surfactant and a counter‐ion system. The optimal addition conditions of additives were investigated with a laboratory‐grade device. We also investigated corrosion inhibitors that do not interfere with the drag‐reduction effect. According to demonstration tests using practical ground thermal energy systems at two locations in Japan, we found that pump power consumption could be reduced by 10%–20% with suitable additive conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the remote weather related to North Pacific (NP) subtropical sea-level properties. It is mentioned that the variability of climate in NP during summer is dominated by midlatitude events than in South Pacific (SP). The dominant climate in midlatitude is a pattern of weather composites, correlations, and regressions. Lower sea-level pressure (SLP) over central Canada and western tropical Pacific, and higher SLP in east of Japan led to stronger NP high properties. To force or reinforce the NP high, several mechanisms was proposed including suppressed convection.