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With 1 figure and 1 table Abstract Public sequence databases provide a convenient and inexpensive resource for the rapid development of microsatellite markers. We analysed 3406 publically available expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from caespitose bamboo species ( Bambusa edulis and B. oldhamii) and found 245 non-redundant simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 205 EST contigs that were used to develop 15 EST-SSR markers. The transferability of the markers was 59.6% among 14 additional caespitose bamboo species (4 within the same genus and 10 in other genera) and Phyllostachys pubescens. The successfully transferred markers showed 51.4% polymorphism. Markers BOM01 and BOM02 transferred successfully to most of the caespitose bamboo species showed rich polymorphism, and are therefore potentially valuable as species-specific alleles for the identification of caespitose bamboo interspecies hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aims to investigate the relationship among serum vascular endothelial growth factor (SVEGF-C), VEGF-C expression and lymph vessel density (LVD) in tumour tissue, and their influence to colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Methods: The SVEGF-C concentration of 110 patients with CRC and 40 healthy donors was examined by ELISA. The 110 tumour tissues and 40 normal colorectal specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining (SP method) with VEGF-C and podoplanin (lymphatic vessel specific antibody). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined the influence on CRC prognosis. Results: CRC SVEGF-C level (889.0 ± 264.0 pg/mL) significantly exceeded ( P= 0.000) the control level (373.2 ± 97.3 ng/L), and was significantly higher in T3, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis, and pTNM groups III and IV. LNM prediction sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SVEGF-C were 85.7, 80.0 and 83.6%, respectively (875 pg/mL cut-off). VEGF-C expression was elevated in CRC versus control patients ( P= 0.000), and was significantly related to LNM and pTNM stages III and IV. Mean LVD in CRC (6.3 ± 0.7/200 HP) significantly exceeded control mean (3.0 ± 0.7/200 HP) ( P= 0.000). LVD was significantly higher in LNM and pTNM stages III and IV. SVEGF-C level was significantly higher in VEGF-C positive versus negative patients ( P= 0.000), and was related to LVD ( P= 0.009). Kaplan-Meier ranking of prognostic factors was SVEGF-C level ( P= 0.000), VEGF-C expression ( P= 0.001) and LVD ( P= 0.012). Conclusion: SVEGF-C level, VEGF-C and LVD are related to LNM and poor prognosis in patients with CRC. SVEGF-C may be a biomarker for LNM in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EuFeO3 (EFO) nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method with an aid of tartaric acid at different calcination temperatures. The prepared EFO samples were characterized by differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum, N2 adsorption/desorption measurements, and photoluminescence spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the photocatalytic decolorization of rhodamine B aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation. The calcination temperature for the highest photocatalytic activity of the EFO nanoparticles was found to be 750°C. Much enhanced photocatalytic activity was observed when adding a small amount of H2O2 during the photocatalysis, indicating EFO nanoparticles have photo-Fenton-like catalytic activity. EFO nanoparticles were further demonstrated to have an excellent photocatalytic stability, which is useful for the efficient recovery of photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to identify the proteomic changes of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) during the vegetative phase change and the floral transition, leaf protein of juvenile, adult vegetative and reproductive phase in a seedling (‘Jonathan’ × ‘Golden Delicious’) was extracted and analyzed by 2-D electrophoresis and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Seventy two gel spots with significant expression differences between ontogenetic phases were obtained. Five protein spots were only detected in leaves of juvenile phase and 11 were not; 17 spots were found exclusively in adult vegetative leaves; and only one spot solely appeared in reproductive leaves while 12 did not. Twenty six of the differentially expressed proteins identified were involved in photosynthesis. Seven enzymes were related to respiration and carbohydrate metabolism. Fifteen other proteins also presented qualitative or quantitative differences among developmental phases. The spatial distribution of one differentially expressed protein, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, was confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. These results strongly support the idea that the vegetative phase change and the floral transition are regulated independently during developmental process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of luminescent lanthanide complexes with a new tripodal ligand featuring salicylamide arms, 2,2′,2″-nitrilotris(2-furfurylaminoformylphenoxy)triethylamine (L), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and molar conductivity measurements. Photophysical properties of the complexes were studied by means of UV-vis absorption and steady-state luminescence spectroscopy. Excited-state luminescence lifetimes and quantum yield of the complexes were determined. Luminescence studies demonstrated that the tripodal ligand featuring salicylamide arms exhibits a good antennae effect with respect to the Tb(III) and Dy(III) ion due to efficient intersystem crossing and ligand to metal energy transfer. From a more general perspective, this work offers interesting perspectives for the development of efficient luminescent stains and enlarges the arsenal for developing novel luminescent lanthanide complexes of salicylamide derivatives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change factors such as elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature typically affect carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics of crop plants and the performance of insect herbivores. Insect-resistant transgenic plants invest some nutrients to the production of specific toxic proteins [i.e. endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)], which could alter the C–N balance of these plants, especially under changed abiotic conditions. Aphids are nonsusceptible to Lepidoptera-targeted Bt Cry1Ac toxin and they typically show response to abiotic conditions, and here we sought to discover whether they might perform differently on compositionally changed Bt oilseed rape. Bt oilseed rape had increased N content in the leaves coupled with reduced total C compared with its nontransgenic counterpart, but in general the C : N responses of both plant types to elevated CO2 and temperature were similar. Elevated CO2 decreased N content and increased C : N ratio of both plant types. Elevated temperature increased C and N contents, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations under ambient CO2, but decreased these under elevated CO2. In addition, soluble sugars were increased and starch decreased by elevated temperature under ambient but not under elevated CO2, whereas photosynthesis was decreased in plants grown under elevated temperature in both CO2 levels. Myzus persicae, a generalist aphid species, responded directly to elevated temperature with reduced developmental time and decreased adult and progeny weights, whereas the development of the Brassica specialist Brevicoryne brassicae was less affected. Feeding by M. persicae resulted in an increase in the N content of oilseed rape leaves under ambient CO2, indicating the potential of herbivore feeding itself to cause allocation changes. The aphids performed equally well on both plant types despite the differences between C–N ratios of Bt and non-Bt oilseed rape, revealing the absence of plant composition-related effects on these pests under elevated CO2, elevated temperature or combined elevated CO2 and temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developmental types of secretory cavities in Citrus remain controversial. The relationship between secretory cavity development and the accumulation of essential oil in fruits of Citrus species is also unknown. In order to develop better insights into these problems, histological, histochemical, and cytochemical methods were used to investigate secretory cavity development and the accumulation of essential oil at different developmental stages of fruits of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle. The results indicate that the secretory cavity of the variety seemed to originate from an epidermal cell and a subepidermal cell. These two cells underwent successive divisions, resulting in the formation of two parts: (i) a conical cap; and (ii) a globular gland. The formation of the lumen was schizolysigenous. Regular changes in the size of vacuoles and the accumulation of essential oil were revealed during the process of secretory cavity development. In addition, when fruits were a light yellow or golden color, the structure of secretory cavities was well developed and the content of essential oil in a single fruit reached a maximum. It would be most appropriate to collect the fruit as a medicinal material at this time. (Managing editor: Wei Wang) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have generated a series of chicken skeletal muscle troponin C mutants to study the conformation of the regulatory domain in the N-terminal half of the molecule. These mutants each contained a single Trp at position 22 (helix A), 52 (linker of helices B and C), or 90 (central helix). Some of these mutants also contained additional mutations to introduce a single Cys at a desired position. The mutants were characterized by molecular graphics and CD and found to have a minimum of structural perturbations when compared with the native structure. They also retained the ability to regulate myofibrillar ATPase activity. The fluorescence of Trp22 was sensitive to Ca2+ binding only to the regulatory sites, whereas Trp52 and Trp90 responded to Ca2+ binding to both the regulatory and the Ca2+/Mg2+ sites. The tryptophan quantum yield (Q) of all Trp22-containing mutants was very high (0.33) in the absence of bound Ca2+, compared to that of L-tryptophan in aqueous solution (0.14). Q decreased 25 % upon binding of Ca2+ to the regulatory sites. The quantum yields of Trp52 and Trp90 in apo mutants were close to 0.14. In the presence of bound Ca2+ at the regulatory sites, the quantum yield of Trp52 decreased 16 %, whereas that of Trp90 increased 25 %. Results from acrylamide quenching of the fluorescence of the three Trp residues indicated that Trp22 was the least exposed and Trp52 was the most exposed, consistent with other spectral data that Trp22 was in a relatively nonpolar environment and Trp52 was in a highly polar environment. The ability of Trp52 and Trp90 to sense Ca2+ binding to sites located at both domains suggests inter-domain communication in the protein. These single Trp TnC mutants provide specific signals for probing Ca2+-induced conformational changes in the regulatory domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Original Article Succinate-GPR-91 Receptor Signaling Is Responsible for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Fibrosis: Effects of DHA Supplementation by Jian Wu, Ying Wang, Li Xie et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14370. GLO:Q18/01apr20:liv14442-toc-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl. [Extracted from the article]

Two hetero‐bimetallic [Zn(II)2M(II)] (M = Ca and Sr) complexes [Zn2Ca(L)(OAc)2] (1) and [Zn2Sr(L)(OAc)2] (2) with a novel asymmetrical bis(salamo)‐type tetraoxime ligand (H5L) were designed and synthesized, and characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR spectra, UV–vis absorption spectra, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation, Hirshfeld surface analyses and X‐ray single crystal diffractions. Compared with the symmetric bis(salamo)‐type ligands, the ligand H5L and its [Zn(II)2M(II)] (M = Ca and Sr) asymmetrical bis(salamo)‐type complexes synthesized for the first time in this paper have more novel structures and better properties. The results of ultraviolet titration show that the coordination ratio of ligand, alkaline earth metal and transition metal is 1:1:2. Complexes 1 and 2 have good luminescent properties and obvious antimicrobial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C23H15F6NS2 is a new non-symmetric photochromic dithienylethene. The mol­ecule adopts a photoactive anti­parallel conformation, the distance between the two reactive C atoms being 3.552 (6) Å. The dihedral angles between the cyclo­pentene ring and the two thio­phene rings are 44.0 (5) and 45.8 (5)°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is clinically promising in destructing primary tumors but ineffective against distant metastases. This study reports the use of immunogenic nanoparticles mediated combination of PDT and magnetic hyperthermia to synergistically augment the anti‐metastatic efficacy of immunotherapy. Janus nanobullets integrating chlorine e6 (Ce6) loaded, disulfide‐bridged mesoporous organosilica bodies with magnetic heads (M‐MONs@Ce6) are tailored for redox/pH‐triggered photosensitizer release accompanying their matrix degradation. Cancer cell membrane cloaking enables favorable tumor‐targeted accumulation and prolonged blood circulation time of M‐MONs@Ce6. The combination of PDT and magnetic hyperthermia has a strong synergy anticancer activity and simultaneously elicits a sequence of immunogenic cell death, resulting in synergistically tumor‐specific immune responses. When combined with anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody, the biomimetic and biodegradable nanoparticle enables the notable eradication of primary and deeply metastatic tumors with low systematic toxicity, thus potentially advancing the development of combined hyperthermia, PDT, and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy to combat cancer metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three multinuclear Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes, [Cu2(L)(μ‐OAc)]·CHCl2 (1), [Zn2(L)(μ‐OAc)(H2O)]·3CHCl3 (2) and [{Cd2(L)(OAc)(CH3CH2OH)}2]·2CH3CH2OH (3) with a single‐armed salamo‐like dioxime ligand H3L have been synthesized, and characterized by FT‐IR, UV–vis, X‐ray crystallography and Hirshfeld surfaces analyses. The ligand H3L has a linear structure and C‐H···π interactions between the two molecules. The complex 1 is a dinuclear Cu (II) complex, Cu1 and Cu2 are all five‐coordinate possessing distorted square pyramidal geometries. The complex 2 also forms a dinuclear Zn (II) structure, and Zn1 and Zn2 are all five‐coordinate bearing distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometries. The complex 3 is a symmetrical tetranuclear Cd (II) complex, and Cd1 is a hexa‐coordinate having octahedral configuration and Cd2 is hepta‐coordinate with a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry, and it has π···π interactions inside the molecule. In addition, fluorescence properties of the ligand and its complexes 1–3 have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the visible or even‐to‐near‐infrared light absorbing perovskite ABO3 solid state solutions, show promising application in solar cells and multienergy harvesters or sensors by simultaneously introducing transition metal and oxygen vacancies. However, the existence of oxygen vacancies fundamentally causes photoexcited carrier trapping and large leakage current. Therefore, it is still challenging to limit oxygen vacancies while maintaining low bandgap and high ferroelectricity. Here, an efficient charge compensation strategy by finely adjusting the ion ratio on the A‐site to obtain an oxygen‐vacancy‐free relaxer ferroelectric is demonstrated in the system of NaxBiyTiO3‐BaTi0.5Ni0.5O3, where y > x. It is found that the oxygen‐vacancy‐free composition still yields strong visible–near‐infrared‐light‐absorbing and enhanced photoresponse, in which the photocurrent density doubles from ≈0.16 to ≈0.32 μA cm−2. A new bandgap tuning mechanism is proposed according to the local structural information of Ni ions obtained via extended X‐ray absorption fine structure. Moreover, this work succeeds in establishing the relationship between the concentration of oxygen vacancies and ferroelectric/piezoelectric properties of NaxBiyTiO3‐BaTi0.5Ni0.5O3. This research points out a promising route to the material design of bandgap engineered ferroelectrics with controlled defects, which is expected to benefit a wide range of functional energy conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three newly designed containing‐PMBP N2O2‐donors complexes, [Co(L1)(CH3OH)2] (1), [{Zn(L2)(CH3OH)(H2O)}3] (2) and [Cu4(L2)4]⋅2CHCl3 (3), have been synthesized and structurally characterized using elemental analyses, infrared and UV–visible spectroscopies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray crystal structure determinations revealed that 1 consists of one Co(II) atom, one completely deprotonated (L1)2− unit and two coordinated methanol molecules. Complex 2 consists of three Zn(II) atoms, three completely deprotonated (L2)2− units, three coordinated methanol molecules and three coordinated water molecules. However, 3 includes four Cu(II) atoms, four completely deprotonated (L2)2− units and two crystallization chloroform molecules. The Co(II) and Zn(II) atoms in the structures of 1 and 2 adopt slightly distorted octahedral geometries. While, Cu(II) atoms in 3 can be best described as adopting slightly distorted square planar geometries. Complex 2 is a novel structure, and the ratio of H2L2 to Zn(II) atom is 3:3. In addition, two‐, three‐ and three‐dimensional supramolecular structures were constructed for 1, 2 and 3. Most importantly, Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1, 2 and 3 was conducted and fluorescence properties were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tetradentate N2S2 Schiff base ligand 3,3′-[2,2′-(ethyl­ene­di­oxy)di­benzyl­idene]­bis­( S-methyl di­thio­car­ba­zate) (H2 L), prepared by the condensation of S-methyl di­thio­carb­aza­te with 1,4-bis(2-formyl­phenyl)-1,4-dioxa­butane in a 1:2 molar ratio, reacts with nickel acetate to form the title neutral metal complex, [Ni(C20H20N4O2S4)]. The X-ray structure of the complex shows a distorted square-planar geometry around the Ni atom. The monomeric units are weakly associated into dimers via a long Ni⃛S interaction [3.569 (1) Å]. These dimeric units are then linked by C-H⃛S intermolecular contacts to form a polymeric chain along the a axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare homo‐ and hetero‐polynuclear transition metal(II) complexes, [{Cu(L1)}2] (1) and [Cu(L2)Ni2(CH3OH)2] (2), were prepared and structurally characterized. Complex 1 possesses an uncommon dinuclear structure bonded by two alkoxy bridges, and all the Cu(II) atoms are tetra‐coordinated with slightly distorted square planar geometries. The Cu1─Cu2 bond distance is 2.994(3) Å. Complex 2 exhibits an unexpected trinuclear heterobimetallic structure from two chelating (L2)3− units in crossover mode, which is the first heterobimetallic 3d–3d salamo‐type transition metal complex. The two Ni(II) atoms are penta‐coordinated with slightly distorted square pyramidal geometries (τ = 0.269 (Ni1) and 0.498 (Ni2)), and the Cu(II) atom is tetra‐coordinated with a slightly distorted square planar geometry. Moreover, fluorescence behaviors of 1 and 2 were investigated, and electrochemical study reveals that the electrolytic redox reactions of 1 are irreversible processes. Rare homo‐ and hetero‐polynuclear transition metal(II) complexes, [{Cu(L1)}2] (1) and [Cu(L2)Ni2(CH3OH)2] (2), were prepared and characterized. Complex 1 possesses an uncommon dinuclear structure bonded by two alkoxy bridges. Complex 2 exhibits an unexpected trinuclear heterobimetallic structure from two chelating (L2)3− units in crossover mode. Fluorescence behaviors of 1 and 2 were investigated, and electrochemical experiments revealed that electrolytic redox reactions of 1 are irreversible processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt‐MOFs, …… deren Phase durch anionische und neutrale Tenside vorgegeben wird, sind unterschiedlich affin gegenüber eingelagerten Wassermolekülen. Diesen Umstand nutzen D.‐S. Li, C. Sun, X. Bu und Mitarbeiter in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 13181 für die leistungsstarke elektrokatalytische Wasserstoffentwicklung (HER). Im Bildhintergrund symbolisieren eine Meereswelle und der Drei‐Schluchten‐Damm das Potenzial von Wasser als “grüne” Energiequelle. Fortschritte bei der Wasserspaltung ergänzen die Nutzung dieser Energieformen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

as a direct entry to synthesize symmetrical biaryls (II) (11 examples) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ligand-free reaction allows a simple and efficient access to various polyfluorinated biphenyl structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]