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Furfural acetals with high octane value, high calorific value and high oxidation resistance are considered promising biofuels or fuel precursors with huge potential demand. However, there are few studies on efficient scalable catalyst systems, including continuous‐flow catalyst systems, for their preparation. In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles supported on exfoliated montmorillonite, with strong Lewis acid sites and abundant accessible Brønsted acid sites, is used to catalyze the acetalization reactions of biomass‐derived furfural and alcohols. Low dosage of the catalyst made the reaction reach equilibrium in a very short time (TOF=690–1305 min−1) at room temperature with the acetal as the only product. In continuous‐flow reactions, the catalyst showed a stable product output with conversion close to that for the batch reaction with a short catalyst‐reactant contact time of 150 s. Contrast experiments revealed that both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites on the catalyst were indispensable for maximizing the catalytic performance, and simultaneously activating both furfural and alcohol on the adjacent Lewis and Brønsted acid sites was proposed to be responsible for the high catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make waterborne painting be applied into metal protection area, the mechanical, water resistant, and anti‐corrosion properties of the dried coating based on it should be improved effectively. Among various methods, self‐crosslinking the latex during its drying process is thought to be an effective way. For example, the latex with DAAM/ADH (diacetoneacrylamide/adipoyl hydrazide) as the self‐crosslinker has attracted a lot of attention due to its excellent stability and coating performance. In this study, a kind of reactable AIEgen was used and taken part in synthesizing the self‐crosslinkable acrylic latex. Based on Aggregation Induced Emission(AIE) phenomenon, it is easy to real‐time trace the preparation and curing process of the obtained latexes. At the same time, the influence of DAAM/ADH on the properties of the cured coating was studied in detail. In addition, as AIEgen is knitted onto the polymer chains via chemical bonds, external stimulus might interfere the coating's fluorescent property. Based on this phenomenon, the cured coating was studied and explored the feasibility to be applied into gas sensing area via its fluorescent property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials combining efficient thermal insulation and high mechanical properties are needed in many areas of technology. Various aerogels provide a convenient design framework for thermal insulators, but they are often brittle. Furthermore, the spectrum of advanced properties is constantly expanding while requirements to the degree of control of the three‐dimensional gel‐forming network is constantly increasing. Here, we report on biomimetic aramid nanofibers aerogels with the structure replicating articular cartilage, prepared by supercritical drying of 3D networks held together by hydrogen bonds. Owing to the branching morphology of the nanofibers, the three‐dimensional nanoscale networks with extensive percolation and high interconnectivity can be obtained. The aerogels showed high porosity with an average open pore size of 21.5 nm and correspondingly low specific density of 0.0081 g/cm3. The aerogels also possess a high compressive strength of 825 kPa at a strain of 80%. Due to the unique aramid chemistry of the parent nanofibers, aramid aerogels combine low thermal conductivity of 0.026 W/m·K with high thermal stability up to 530°C, which is unusually high for polymeric and composite materials of any type, opening a broad range of applications from electronics to space travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jet microbubble generator is often used to produce bubbles in flotation equipment, which generates microbubbles by self‐absorbing or inflating. Bubble behavior is a dominant factor in froth flotation, and its velocity, size, and distribution greatly affect flotation performance. However, the asymmetry distribution of the pressure, bubble velocity, and gas holdup in generator with single inlet probably causes eccentric wear to the equipment. Therefore, in this study, using particle image velocimetry (PIV), high‐speed dynamic camera, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, the bubble behaviors in the jet microbubble generators with single inlet and double inlet was studied. The results show that under air flux of 0.4 L/min, the change of bubble diameter (D32) in two generators is obvious, reducing by 5.97% and 3.77% under circulation water flux of 1.5 and 2.5 m3/h, respectively. Comparing the influence of circulating water fluxes, the double‐inlet structure can reduce the bubble diameter more effectively. The maximum turbulent dissipation rate in the throat section of the generator with double inlet is greater than 120, while it is less than 100 in single‐inlet structure. For bubbles in generator with double inlet, velocity difference in radial direction reduces to 0.03 m/s and is more symmetrical. Meanwhile, the double‐inlet generator can also optimize the uniformity gas holdup distribution, which is beneficial to increase the collision probability of flotation and reduce the abrasion of microbubble generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to obtain a better heat transfer performance by using vortex generators with different structures in the square channel. To compare the flow pattern of three different vortex generators, the stream‐wise velocity profile, the visualized Q‐criterion, and the stream‐wise vorticity flux distribution were used to obtain the flow structures in detail. The heat transfer performance was quantified by the Nusselt number (Nu) and compared for the different vortex generators. It was found that the concave structure vortex generator has a better heat transfer performance with an increase of about 11.07% for average Nu. This is because the concave vortex generator induces a more complex hydraulic dynamic flow structure due to its two counter rotating vortex pairs in the square channel. Furthermore, the distance from the lower counter rotating vortex pairs to the wall is significantly decreased by the restraint from the upper counter rotating vortex pairs. This can help disturb the thermal boundary layer and improve the heat transfer performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of computer technology, the information revolution is constantly affecting and changing our lives. Today's virtual reality technology is no longer just a virtual model for viewing. Experiencers are more willing to personally interact with the virtual environment in a virtual scene to increase their sense of gaming experience. Today's virtual reality interaction methods mainly interact through the handles that come with VR helmets. Previously, some scholars have researched gesture interaction in virtual environments. They use data gloves to obtain information about hand movements. This method makes users have to wear heavy data gloves, which limits the natural movement of their hands. To overcome this shortcoming, the need for low‐cost vision‐based virtual reality gesture interaction is becoming more and more urgent. Traditional gesture recognition technologies based on artificial modeling include template‐based matching, data‐based gloves, and machine learning. As machine learning gesture classifiers, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) [1] have been widely used. However, in the hand motion detection of ordinary cameras, the image is prone to speckles, lighting changes, and other factors, which seriously affects the performance of the classifier, making it difficult to accurately and efficiently detect the first image when the background is complex and the lighting is affected. In recent years, deep learning‐based object detection methods have achieved great breakthroughs [2]. In the past decade, many deep learning‐based dynamic gesture recognition algorithms have been introduced. In the case of changing lighting conditions, in order to improve the classification accuracy of gesture recognition [3]. Therefore, this article chooses a depth camera combined with HTC VIVE device for gesture recognition in virtual reality. First obtain the depth image of the hand through the depth camera, then label the depth image, and then learn through the deep learning network hand movement training [4], preprocess the detected human hand image, and recognize it by hand detection The position of the hand in the image is obtained, and the movement of the hand is recognized as a result of recognition. The algorithm in this paper uses the advanced deep learning network YOLOv3, and changes the network structure and multiscale structure based on the original network. This algorithm is compared with other deep learning algorithms for gesture recognition, and the recognition effect is better than other algorithms in the same category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the pace of society gradually speeding up, more and more people came the problem of psychological fear. The traditional drug therapy trauma on the human body is very serious. The communication with the psychologist does not fully understand the patient's own situation, and it is easy to cause trauma to the psychologist. Virtual reality exposure therapy has important implications for the management of posttraumatic stress disorder and severe phobias that are difficult to treat with conventional psychotherapy and drugs. Based on the above situation, this paper proposes a psychological phobia detection scheme in a virtual environment based on EEG signals. The program began with a scene of virtual reality stimulation, EEG acquisition, combined with neural network algorithm, patient diagnosis and treatment. Experiments show that virtual reality‐based desensitization therapy has a better diagnosis and treatment effect on patients' fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular‐related diseases continue to be a leading cause of death globally. Among ischemic‐induced cardiac diseases, myocardial infarction (MI) is reported to be of an alarming value. Despite numerous improvements in the medical intrusions, still this armamentarium fails to be effective in managing the illness without setbacks. Ferruginol (FGL) is a major polyphenols and terpenoids with numerous pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory. Following, this work was aimed to explore the cardio protective effect of FGL (50 mg/kg) in isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO)‐induced MI in experimental rats. After treatment with FGL in ISO‐induced MI in rats, noticeable changes were observed in the experimental rats. Injection of ISO to rats resulted in the augmented cardiac weight, serum cardiac markers (creatine kinase, creatine kinase‐MB, cardiac troponin T, and Cardiac troponin I), lipid peroxidation end products (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance and lipid hydroperoxides), reduced endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione), reduced ATPase activity, and escalated pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and nuclear factor‐κB) levels. Interestingly, the FGL supplementation to the ISO‐treated rats revealed the diminished heart weight, reduced cardiac markers, and lipid peroxidation. FGL also possessed the improved antioxidants status and diminished pro‐inflammatory mediator levels. The outcomes of histological analysis also evidenced the cardio protective role of FGL. Treatment with FGL reduced the cardiac damage biomarkers maintained to near normal levels in ISO‐induced rats. These study findings disclose the prospective capability of FGL in the treatment of MI in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face to the suitable ZnO/P3HT heterojunction, improved crystalline quality of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films is achieved by a simple and effective approach of extending the sputtering time, further the performance of transparent thin‐film solar cells (TFSCs) with P3HT/ZnO heterojunction is greatly enhanced. With extending the sputtering time, the continuous ZnO thin films of necessary thickness is formed on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and their crystalline quality is also significantly improved, while the grain size increases and become stable with longer than 60 min. The surface morphology of ZnO thin films with sputtering time of 90 min is smooth. With extending the sputtering time, ZnO thin films show excellent optical property. The improved crystalline quality of ZnO thin films obviously affect the performance of the P3HT‐ZnO SCs, reaching highest fill factor to 0.44, with the sputtering time of 90 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, is ubiquitously expressed and essential for the development and/or maintenance of multiple tissues and organs. SHP2 is involved in gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium development and homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. While studying SHP2's role in skeletal development, we made osteoblast‐specific SHP2 deficient mice using Osterix (Osx)‐Cre as a driver to excise Ptpn11 floxed alleles. Phenotypic characterization of these SHP2 mutants unexpectedly revealed a critical role of SHP2 in GI biology. Mice lacking SHP2 in Osx+ cells developed a fatal GI pathology with dramatic villus hypoplasia. OSTERIX, an OB‐specific zinc finger‐containing transcription factor is for the first time found to be expressed in GI crypt cells, and SHP2 expression in the crypt Osx+ cells is critical for self‐renewal and proliferation. Further, immunostaining revealed the colocalization of OSTERIX with OLFM4 and LGR5, two bona fide GI stem cell markers, at the crypt cells. Furthermore, OSTERIX expression is found to be associated with GI malignancies. Knockdown of SHP2 expression had no apparent influence on the relative numbers of enterocytes, goblet cells or Paneth cells. Given SHP2's key regulatory role in OB differentiation, our studies suggest that OSTERIX and SHP2 are indispensable for gut homeostasis, analogous to SOX9's dual role as a master regulator of cartilage and an important regulator of crypt stem cell biology. Our findings also provide a foundation for new avenues of inquiry into GI stem cell biology and of OSTERIX's therapeutic and diagnostic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, drawing from adaptive structuration theory (AST) and embeddedness theory, we investigate the relationship between the interaction of HRM digitalization and HRM system maturity on firm performance as well as the moderating role played by HR strategic and business involvement. On the basis of a sample of 211 listed enterprises of China, our results indicate that the interaction of HRM digitalization and HRM system maturity is positively related to firm performance and that the relationship is strengthened by HR strategic and business involvement. The implications of our findings for research and practice are discussed. Key points: HRM digitalization can release a significant main effect to enhance firm performance.The maturity of HRM systems can strengthen the positive effect of HRM digitalization on firm performance.When HR departments are deeply involved in the organization's strategic management, the positive influence of HRM digitalization will be increased.When HR departments are deeply involved in the business operation, the positive impact of HRM digitalization will be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This time‐series study collects data on stroke‐related mortality, years of life lost (YLL), air pollution, and meteorological conditions in 96 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2016 and proposes a three‐stage strategy to generate the national and regional estimations of avoidable YLL, gains in life expectancy and stroke‐related population attributable fraction by postulating that the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been kept under certain standards. A total of 1 318 911 stroke deaths are analyzed. Each 10 µg m−3 increment in PM2.5 at lag03 is associated with a city‐mean increase of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.44) years of life lost from stroke. A number of 914.11 (95% CI: 538.28, 1288.94) years of city‐mean life lost from stoke could be avoided by attaining the WHO's Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) (25 µg m−3). Moreover, by applying the AQG standard, 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) years of life lost might be prevented for each death, and about 0.91% (95% CI: 0.62%, 1.19%) of the total years of life lost from stroke might be explained by the daily excess PM2.5 exposure. This study indicates that stroke patients can have a longer life expectancy if stricter PM2.5 standards are put in place, especially ischemic stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a lethal tumor resulting in a large number of cancer‐related deaths globally. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may modulate tumor initiation and metastasis. Although dysregulation of lncRNA cancer susceptibility 19 (CASC19) is validated in NSCLC, further exploration of the CASC19‐regulated mechanism in NSCLC is still needed. Methods: CASC19 expression was examined in NSCLC cells by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The specific role of CASC19 in NSCLC was analyzed by cell counting kit‐8, EdU, Transwell and western blot assays. The interaction between miR‐301b‐3p and CASC19 or low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Results: CASC19 is markedly overexpressed in NSCLC. Its deficiency impairs cell proliferation, as well as metastasis in NSCLC. Molecular mechanism experiments indicated that CASC19 negatively modulates the expression of miR‐301b‐3p and miR‐301b‐3p can bind with CASC19 in NSCLC. In addition, miR‐301b‐3p binds to LDLR to impair its expression in NSCLC. Finally, rescue experiments showed that miR‐301b‐3p inhibition or LDLR overexpression counteracted the CASC19 knockdown‐mediated function on cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC. Conclusions: CASC19 facilitates NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the miR‐301b‐3p/LDLR axis, offering a possible strategy for lncRNA‐targeted treatment in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B (PTP1B) plays a critical role in the regulation of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. However, drug candidates exhibiting PTP1B selectivity and oral bioavailability are currently lacking. Here, the enzyme inhibitory characteristics and pharmacological benefits of 3-bromo-4,5-bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2-benzenediol (BDB) were investigated in vitro and in vivo.Experimental Approach: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay was performed to validate the direct binding of BDB to PTP1B, and Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the enzyme kinetics was used to characterise the inhibition by BDB. Both in vitro enzyme-inhibition assays and SPR experiments were also conducted to study the selectivity exhibited by BDB towards four other PTP-family proteins: TC-PTP, SHP-1, SHP-2, and LAR. C2C12 myotubes were used to evaluate cellular permeability to BDB. Effects of BDB on insulin signalling, hypoglycaemia and hypolipidaemia were investigated in diabetic BKS db mice, after oral gavage. The beneficial effects of BDB on pancreatic islets were examined based on insulin and/or glucagon staining.Key Results: BDB acted as a competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and demonstrated high selectivity for PTP1B among the tested PTP-family proteins. Moreover, BDB was cell-permeable and enhanced insulin signalling in C2C12 myotubes. Lastly, oral administration of BDB produced effective antidiabetic effects in spontaneously diabetic mice and markedly improved islet architecture, which was coupled with an increase in the ratio of β-cells to α-cells.Conclusion and Implications: BDB application offers a potentially practical pharmacological approach for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus by selectively inhibiting PTP1B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jiangshan‐Shaoxing‐Pingxiang Fault (JSP Fault) is traditionally considered as the boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in South China. Whether the previously defined Shenshan and Kuli formations located along the JSP fault and near the Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, are continuous strata or parts of a tectonic mélange is important for understanding the geological history of South China. A carbonaceous phyllite from the area, previously considered as part of the Neoproterozoic Shenshan and Kuli formations, is analyzed palynologically in this study. The Asteridium‐Comasphaeridium acritarch assemblage found in the slate can be correlated with the basal Cambrian Asteridium‐Heliosphaeridium‐Comasphaeridium (AHC) acritarch assemblage in Tarim and the Yangtze Block. The early Cambrian biostratigraphical age assignment for the carbonaceous phyllite indicates the presence of both Neoproterozoic and Cambrian rocks in the sedimentary package, and supports that the package is a part of tectonic mélange rather than a continuous Neoproterozoic strata. The Cambrian slate is the youngest known lithology in the mélange at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency, intensity, and length of extreme temperature events in many wine‐growing regions worldwide. Because elevated temperature has detrimental effects on berry growth and composition, it threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wine production. Using Cabernet Sauvignon fruit‐bearing cuttings, we investigated the effects of high temperature (HT) on grapevine berries through a label‐free shotgun proteomic analysis coupled to a complementary metabolomic study. Among the 2,279 proteins identified, 592 differentially abundant proteins were found in berries exposed to HT. The gene ontology categories "stress," "protein," "secondary metabolism," and "cell wall" were predominantly altered under HT. High temperatures strongly impaired carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and the effects depended on the stage of development and duration of treatment. Transcript amounts correlated poorly with protein expression levels in HT berries, highlighting the value of proteomic studies in the context of heat stress. Furthermore, this work reveals that HT alters key proteins driving berry development and ripening. Finally, we provide a list of differentially abundant proteins that can be considered as potential markers for developing or selecting grape varieties that are better adapted to warmer climates or extreme heat waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beishan orogenic zone is a key area to understand evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt that is an accretionary factory well‐enough preserved in the Paleozoic. In early Paleozoic, the tectonic mélange zone containing the coherent unit and mélange unit is triggered by the complicated accretionary process of the Beishan area. The early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Beishan orogenic zone is investigated in this study using sedimentology and stratigraphic correlations of the lowe Paleozoic deposits. From the Cambrian to the middle Ordovician, this region was characterized by geographically extensive, flat‐bedded siliceous mudstone, indicating the existence of a large ocean basin. The oceanic plate entered the convergence phase in terms of the Wilson Circle during the Middle Ordovician, when numerous magmatic arcs formed along two opposite sides of the ocean. The magmatic arcs became the widest during the Silurian, suggesting that the Hongliuhe‐Niujuanzi‐Xichangjing Ocean (HNX; a southern branch of the Paleo Asian Ocean) was reduced to a small residual ocean in the central Beishan region by that time, and probably lasted till the Carboniferous or later by newly published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continent of China developed through the coalescence of three major cratons (North China, Tarim and Yangtze) and continental micro‐blocks through the processes of oceanic crust disappearance and acceretionary‐collision of continental crusts. The strata of the Chinese continental landmass are subdivided into 12 tectonic‐strata regions. Based on the composition of geological features among the three main cratons, continental micro‐blocks and other major global cratons, their affinities can be preliminarily deduced during the Tonian period, using evidence from sedimentary successions, paleobiogeography, tectonic and magmatic events. The Yangtze and Tarim cratons show that they have close affinities during the assembly‐dispersal milestone of the Rodinia Supercontinent. The sedimentary record and magmatic age populations in the blocks suggest that there was a widespread, intensive magmatic event that resulted from a subduction process during ∼1000–820 Ma, related to continental rifting around the Yangtze and Tarim cratons. However, they differ greatly from the North China Craton. The continental micro‐blocks in the Panthalassic Ocean could have some missing connection with the North China Craton that persisted until the Middle‐Late Devonian. In contrast, the Alxa Block showed a strong affinity with the Tarim Craton. The revised Tonian paleogeography of the Rodinia Supercontinent is a good demonstration of how to show the relationship between the main cratons and the continental micro‐blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical performance of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (GFRPs) are investigated, and the optimized MWCNT content is obtained through a series of experiments. MWCNTs are deposited on unidirectional glass fiber cloths using a solution dip coating method. The original fiber cloths and fiber cloths deposited with MWCNTs are used to manufacture GFRPs using a vacuum‐assisted resin injection process. The GFRP specimens are then synthesized to characterize the tension, bending, interlaminar shear strength, and mode‐II fracture toughness by uniaxial tension, three‐point bending, short beam shear, and end notch flexural tests. The results confirm that the mechanical performance of the original GFRPs increases with the addition of MWCNTs, and GFRPs with an MWCNT content of 0.3 wt% exhibit better comprehensive mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the damage mechanism of the broken specimens with and without MWCNT modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, and a worldwide problem with increasing incidence. Little is known about the burden of melanoma in the Chinese population. We evaluated temporal trends and geographic variation in melanoma‐associated burden, to narrow an important knowledge gap concerning the consequences of this disorder across time, provinces in China. After the general analytic strategy used in the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study, we analyzed the incidence, mortality, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) of melanoma, by age, sex and geography from 1990 to 2017. Levels in melanoma burden were assessed for 33 province‐level administrative units between 1990 and 2017. We used joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the slope of incidence and mortality trends. The age‐standardized incidence rate of melanoma was 0.9 per 100,000 in 2017, with a 110.3% rise compared to 1990. Although the age‐standardized DALYs rate (per 100,000) decreased from 9.1 in 1990 to 7.6 in 2017, it showed an upward trend from 2007 to 2017. The DALYs rate increased steadily with age for females while increased and peaked at 55–59 years for males. The incidence of melanoma was higher in the clustered eastern provinces than western provinces, while the DALYs showed a pattern in opposite direction. In China, there has been a substantial increase in the burden of melanoma over the last decade, representing an ongoing challenge in Chinese population. More targeted strategies should be developed for elderly population, especially for females, to reduce the melanoma burden throughout China, particularly the western provinces. What's new? Little has been known about the burden of melanoma in China. In this study, the authors found that incidence and mortality rates have significantly increased over the past decade, especially in the eastern provinces. In addition, patterns of distribution by both age and sex in the Chinese population differed from previous reports involving western populations. Because the risk of this aggressive skin cancer appears to be frequently overlooked or underestimated in China, public health strategies are needed both to increase early diagnosis and to improve prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐speed, room‐temperature quantum cascade laser packaged module emitting at 8.14 μm is presented. The cavity length of the laser is as small as 0.5 mm, and the threshold current at 298 K is 110 mA. A matching printed circuit board is inserted into the packaged module to reduce the RC constant. As a result, the rectification response of packaged module is relatively flat upto 2 GHz and the –3 dB cut‐off frequency is increased from 0.9 to 2.2 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world. Hidden dangers and risks of all kinds of accidents are intertwined and superimposed, and the factors affecting public safety are increasing. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of emergency medical rescue capacity. During the nineteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that we should strengthen the capacity building of aviation emergency rescue and improve the airspace guarantee mechanism for emergency rescue. As the most important aerial medical evacuation platform, helicopter has the advantages of fast response, strong mobility, wide rescue range, direct arrival at the first line of treatment, etc. it has become an important means of modern rescue, and also the only way to open life treatment in case of land damage. From the international experience, the helicopter emergency medical system established by most developed countries plays an important role in disaster relief and anti‐terrorism. China has a large population, complex terrain and uneven regional development. In case of disasters, the casualties are often more severe and the demand for treatment is more urgent. It is urgent to establish an aviation medical emergency rescue system suitable for the national conditions and with helicopters as the main carrier, and accelerate the research and development of key technical equipment. In recent years, more and more people realize the necessity and benefits of the application of interactive technology for aviation medical simulation training in major events and disasters. Interaction refers to the transmission and exchange of intelligence, data, data and technical knowledge in all aspects of nature and society. From the perspective of information theory, local chronicles are a tangible text information carrier, which collects all kinds of information in a certain region. Interactive technology is to use certain means to achieve the purpose of interaction, and gradually enter the era of multi field application! In thefield of aviation medical rescue, it is in urgent need of penetration and integration. This paper mainly develops an AR emergency rescue process training system. Through the creation of data sets, action recognition based on computer vision and deep learning, the selection of recognition model and action capture, the action is recognized based on AR, and then 22 joint points of human hand and upper arm skeleton are taken to label the data space position. Through the above learning results, we can get the real‐time hand recognition based on depth information Upper arm skeleton output. Neural network is used to recognize human skeleton action. The skeleton information coordinates are imported into RNN neural network for deep learning. Finally, based on the complementarity of CNN and LSTM, combined with the idea of dual stream structure network, the action recognition is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressible solid‐state supercapacitors are emerging as promising power sources for next‐generation flexible electronics with enhanced safety and mechanical integrity. Highly elastic and compressible solid electrolytes are in great demand to achieve reversible compressibility and excellent capacitive stability of these supercapacitor devices. Here, a lithium ion‐conducting hydrogel electrolyte by integrating natural protein nanoparticles into polyacrylamide network is reported. Due to the synergistic effect of natural protein nanoparticles and polyacrylamide chains, the obtained hydrogel shows remarkable elasticity, high compressibility, and fatigue resistance properties. More significantly, the supercapacitor device based on this hydrogel electrolyte exhibits reversible compressibility under multiple cyclic compressions, working well under 80% strain for 1000 compression cycles without sacrificing its capacitive performance. This work offers a promising approach for compressible supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: For a flowering plant, the transition from vegetative stage to reproductive growth is probably the most critical developmental switch. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the product of BBX7, group II member of BBX family, acts to delay floral transition. In this study, a presumed chrysanthemum homolog of a second group gene AtBBX8, designated CmBBX8, had been isolated and characterized. The transcription of CmBBX8 followed a diurnal rhythm as the chrysanthemum floral transition regulator. Overexpression of CmBBX8 accelerated flowering, while its (artificial microRNAs) amiR‐enabled knockdown delayed flowering in plants grown under both long‐ and short‐day conditions. Global expression analysis revealed that genes associated with photoperiod were down‐regulated in amiR‐CmBBX8 lines compared with the wild type, which were verified to be up‐regulated in overexpressing lines (OX‐CmBBX8) by RT‐PCR. A number of in vitro assays were used to show that CmBBX8 targets CmFTL1. Furthermore, the function of CmFTL1 as a floral inducer under long‐day conditions was confirmed by the behaviour of engineered summer‐flowering chrysanthemum plants. The conclusion is that the BBX8‐FT regulatory module is an important determinant of reproductive development in summer‐flowering chrysanthemum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of computer technology, the information revolution is constantly affecting and changing our lives. Today's virtual reality technology is no longer just a virtual model for viewing. Experiencers are more willing to personally interact with the virtual environment in a virtual scene to increase their sense of gaming experience. Today's virtual reality interaction methods mainly interact through the handles that come with VR helmets. Previously, some scholars have researched gesture interaction in virtual environments. They use data gloves to obtain information about hand movements. This method makes users have to wear heavy data gloves, which limits the natural movement of their hands. To overcome this shortcoming, the need for low‐cost vision‐based virtual reality gesture interaction is becoming more and more urgent. Traditional gesture recognition technologies based on artificial modeling include template‐based matching, data‐based gloves, and machine learning. As machine learning gesture classifiers, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) [1] have been widely used. However, in the hand motion detection of ordinary cameras, the image is prone to speckles, lighting changes, and other factors, which seriously affects the performance of the classifier, making it difficult to accurately and efficiently detect the first image when the background is complex and the lighting is affected. In recent years, deep learning‐based object detection methods have achieved great breakthroughs [2]. In the past decade, many deep learning‐based dynamic gesture recognition algorithms have been introduced. In the case of changing lighting conditions, in order to improve the classification accuracy of gesture recognition [3]. Therefore, this article chooses a depth camera combined with HTC VIVE device for gesture recognition in virtual reality. First obtain the depth image of the hand through the depth camera, then label the depth image, and then learn through the deep learning network hand movement training [4], preprocess the detected human hand image, and recognize it by hand detection The position of the hand in the image is obtained, and the movement of the hand is recognized as a result of recognition. The algorithm in this paper uses the advanced deep learning network YOLOv3, and changes the network structure and multi‐scale structure based on the original network. This algorithm is compared with other deep learning algorithms for gesture recognition, and the recognition effect is better than other algorithms in the same category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, human‐computer interaction, as the core of virtual reality system, has become an increasingly important part of modern science and technology products. At present, human‐computer interaction is mainly based on contact, which must be completed through direct contact between hand and receiving equipment, rather than through indirect contact between hand and equipment. Direct interaction can not give full play to the advantages of flexible human hand, so gesture recognition becomes extremely important in interaction. The development of gesture recognition technology based on vision is a process from 2D to 3D. Early gesture recognition is based on the recognition technology of two‐dimensional color image, which means to get two‐dimensional static image after taking the scene with ordinary camera, and then recognize the content of the image through the computer graphic algorithm. With the development of camera and sensor technology, the depth information of gesture can be captured, and 3D gesture recognition technology can recognize various hand shapes, gestures and actions. Virtual reality is a kind of simulated virtual environment generated by computer according to reality and imagination space, which makes users have immersive feeling in the real world. Through various interactive behaviors, it stimulates users' perception systems such as vision, touch and hearing, so as to establish a comprehensive sensory experience. Nowadays, virtual reality interaction is more based on the handle of virtual reality device or operating gloves, but using these devices is too complex, so gesture interaction based on bare hands will have a broader prospect. The virtual reality interaction technology based on gesture recognition is to recognize human hand movements with cameras and other devices and interact with the virtual scene. Users can control the virtual scene and interact through simple gestures. Gesture recognition is now applied in many industries, but the interaction of gesture in virtual reality is not so popular. This paper will analyze the development status of gesture recognition in virtual reality technology, and prospect the development trend of virtual reality technology based on gesture recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fear is a basic emotion of human beings. Normal people will have a fearful stress response when they face dangerous and threatening stimuli.Normal fear helps individuals to mobilize their physical and psychological functions to respond, and is an individual's need for survival and development. But environmental objective things or irrational fear and tension and with marked autonomic disorder is a disease that phobia (Phobia). Acrophobia is a common phobia. At present, the treatment of phobia is mainly desensitization technology. VR technology provides new ideas for the treatment of phobia. This article will introduce its progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the pace of society gradually speeding up, more and more people came the problem of psychological fear. The traditional drug therapy trauma on the human body is very serious. The communication with the psychologist does not fully understand the patient's own situation, and it is easy to cause trauma to the psychologist. Virtual reality exposure therapy has important implications for the management of post‐traumatic stress disorder and severe phobias that are difficult to treat with conventional psychotherapy and drugs. Based on the above situation, this paper proposes a psychological phobia detection scheme in a virtual environment based on EEG signals. The program began with a scene of virtual reality stimulation, EEG acquisition, combined with neural network algorithm, patient diagnosis and treatment. Experiments show that virtual reality‐based desensitization therapy has a better diagnosis and treatment effect on patients' fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) are the three most commonly used ginseng botanicals in the world. With the increasing interests on antimicrobial properties of plants, the antimicrobial activities of ginseng species have been investigated by a number of researchers worldwide. This overview interprets our present knowledge of the antimicrobial activities of the three ginseng species and some of their bioactive components against pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, et al.) and fungi (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, et al). Ginsenosides, polysaccharides, essential oil, proteins, and panaxytriol are all might responsible for the antimicrobial activities of ginseng. The antimicrobial mechanisms of ginseng components could be summarized to the following points: (a) inhibit the microbial motility and quorum-sensing ability; (b) affect the formation of biofilms and destroy the mature biofilms, which can weaken the infection ability of the microbes; (c) perturb membrane lipid bilayers, thus causing the formation of pores, leakages of cell constituents and eventually cell death; (d) stimulate of the immune system and attenuate microbes induced apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damages, which can protect or help the host fight against microbial infections; and (e) inhibit the efflux of antibiotics that can descend the drug resistance of the microbial. The collected information might facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of ginseng and their components to improve microbial food safety and prevent or treat animal and human infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Parents take the lead in parent–child interactions and their emotion regulation ability and empathy during parenting may be associated with children's emotional/behavioral problems. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Objective: The present study aimed to explore the effect of parental empathy and emotional regulation on social competence and emotional/behavioral problems in school‐age children. Methods: A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted with 274 parents of 8–11‐year‐old children using Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy. Results: Children with emotional/behavioral problems (n = 37) had relatively lower social competence than children in a matched control group (n = 37). Compared with the parents of children in the control group, parents of children with emotional/behavioral problems had significantly lower cognitive empathy scores, mainly manifested by low perspective‐taking and online simulation abilities. Mediation analysis showed that parental cognitive empathy had an indirect effect on children's emotional/behavioral problems through children's social competence. Interpretation: Parental empathy may have a subtle influence on the social competence of school‐aged children, which further affects the severity of children's emotional/behavioral problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, also known as Sanqi, is a high‐value Chinese medicine with a hemostatic effect. It was mainly used to treat traumatic and ischemic cardiovascular diseases. According to different harvest times, Panax notoginseng is divided into "Chunqi" and "Dongqi." To effectively classify them, a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a chemical pattern recognition method was established. Similarity analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were applied to classify and evaluate 35 batches of Panax notoginseng. The results showed that similarity analysis based on the peak area of 20 components could not achieve accurate classification. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis methods could clearly classify Chunqi and Dongqi. In order to find definite chemical markers and simplify the established model of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, seven characteristic peaks with higher variable importance in projection values were selected. As a result, this method could be used for the classification of Chunqi and Dongqi, which showed an excellent potential application for quality evaluation of Panax notoginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In eukaryotes, MAPK scaffold proteins are crucial for regulating the function of MAPK cascades. However, only a few MAPK scaffold proteins have been reported in plants, and the molecular mechanism through which scaffold proteins regulate the function of the MAPK cascade remains poorly understood. Here, we identified GhMORG1, a GhMKK6‐GhMPK4 cascade scaffold protein that positively regulates the resistance of cotton to Fusarium oxysporum. GhMORG1 interacted with GhMKK6 and GhMPK4, and the overexpression of GhMORG1 in cotton protoplasts dramatically increased the activity of the GhMKK6‐GhMPK4 cascade. Quantitative phosphoproteomics was used to clarify the mechanism of GhMORG1 in regulating disease resistance, and thirty‐two proteins were considered as the putative substrates of the GhMORG1‐dependent GhMKK6‐GhMPK4 cascade. These putative substrates were involved in multiple disease resistance processes, such as cellular amino acid metabolic processes, calcium ion binding and RNA binding. The kinase assays verified that most of the putative substrates were phosphorylated by the GhMKK6‐GhMPK4 cascade. For functional analysis, nine putative substrates were silenced in cotton, respectively. The resistance of cotton to F. oxysporum was decreased in the substrate‐silenced cottons. These results suggest that GhMORG1 regulates several different disease resistance processes by facilitating the phosphorylation of GhMKK6‐GhMPK4 cascade substrates. Taken together, these findings reveal a new plant MAPK scaffold protein and provide insights into the mechanism of plant resistance to pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the trajectory tracking problems of the link angle and angle speed of the flexible joint manipulator model based on external disturbance, the control input and rate constraints. The controller of the flexible joint manipulator model is designed using the backstepping control scheme. To achieve this objective, the smooth hyperbolic tangent function is used to solve the problems of control input and rate constraints, and the stability is proved using Lyapunov function in the design procedure of the backstepping control scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed backstepping controller is verified by numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Zero‐valent iron (ZVI) is an environmentally friendly and cost‐efficient material for the removal of contaminants. However, its application is challenged by problems such as surface passivation and pH increase in the reaction media. As a potential solution for this problem, pyrite, a waste of the mining industry, was used together with ZVI for reductive removal of azo dyes. RESULTS: In comparison with ZVI alone, the ZVI/pyrite mixture showed dramatically enhanced efficiency and reusability for dye removal, although pyrite itself can hardly remove dyes. The reaction rate constant kobs for the removal of Orange II at the initial pH (pH0) of 7.0 was enhanced 9.4‐ to 28.0‐fold by using the mixture at a pyrite/ZVI mass ratio ranging from 1 to 4, respectively. The mechanism studies indicate that pyrite not only helped produce more iron(II) by facilitating iron corrosion and the iron(II)/iron(III) cycle in the mixed system, but also activated the ZVI surface by in situ sulfidation. The high reactivity of the adsorbed iron(II) in the mixed system significantly contributed to dye removal, especially at the alkalescent pH. CONCLUSION: Pyrite accelerated the reductive removal of dyes by ZVI, through inhibiting its surface passivation and suppressing the pH increase in the reaction media. Therefore, this research proposes a facile method for enhancing the reactivity and applicability of ZVI in environmental remediation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bubble terminal velocity has a significant effect on gas holdup, residence time, and efficiency of the interface transfer. Surfactant is often required to generate small and stable bubbles in gas‐liquid two‐phase devices. In this paper, bubble terminal velocities were obtained for different surfactant aqueous solutions using high‐speed CCD (charged couple device) system and digital image analysis technology. Experimental results showed that available correlations were not able to accurately predict terminal velocity of bubbles rising in surfactant aqueous solutions. Thus, a new correlation is proposed based on experimental data and it provides an accurate approximation of bubble terminal velocity. The average relative error for the proposed correlation is determined to be 7.2% in MIBC aqueous solutions, 4.5% in OP‐10 aqueous solutions, and 4.6% in 2‐octanol aqueous solutions. The proposed correlation agrees well with experiment data from literate within ranges of the Morton number, Mo, the bubble Reynolds number, Re, and the Eötvös number, Eo: 3.29 × 10−11

Objective: Clinical relevance of global DNA methylation and one-carbon metabolite levels with histological severity remains uncertain in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate hepatic global DNA methylation and serum one-carbon metabolite concentrations in patients with NAFLD and the possible associations of these parameters with liver histology.Methods: Liver biopsies from 18 control participants and 47 patients with NAFLD were evaluated.Results: The hepatic global DNA methylation level was significantly lower in the NAFLD group than in the control group among participants with overweight. Participants with moderate inflammation and mild fibrosis had significantly lower levels of global DNA methylation than those without these characteristics. Participants with borderline nonalcoholic steatohepatitis had significantly lower global DNA methylation levels than controls. The hepatic global DNA methylation level tended to decrease with the increasing hepatic inflammation grade and disease progression. The NAFLD group had a significantly higher serum homocysteine concentration than the control group among participants with overweight. This level tended to increase with increasing hepatic steatosis grade and disease progression.Conclusions: Patients with NAFLD exhibited lower hepatic levels of global DNA methylation and elevated serum homocysteine concentrations, which are associated with the histological severity of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)‐based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is often necessary to facilitate the extraction and transport of charge carriers. In this work, poly[{9,9‐bis[3′‐(N,N‐dimethyl)propyl]‐2,7‐fluorene}‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) and polystyrene (PS) are demonstrated to be effective surface modifiers of the TiO2 NPs electron‐transporting layer in n‐i‐p PVSCs. The low‐cost insulating polymer PS performs better than the PFN conjugated polymer owing to its high film quality, low surface energy and insulating characteristics. A peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.09 % with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.05 V and a PCE of 17.13 % with an ultrahigh VOC of 1.18 V is achieved with TiO2 NPs/PS‐based PVSCs using poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) and spiro‐OMeTAD, respectively, as the hole‐transporting material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The secondary cell wall is an important carbon sink in higher plants and its biosynthesis requires coordination of metabolic fluxes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), MYB75 and the KNOX transcription factor KNAT7 form functional complexes to regulate secondary cell wall formation in the inflorescence stem. However, the molecular mechanism by which these transcription factors control different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway remains poorly understood in woody species. We isolated an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor MYB6 from Populus tomentosa and determined that it was expressed predominately in young leaves. Overexpression of MYB6 in transgenic poplar upregulated flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression, resulting in significantly increased accumulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins. MYB6‐overexpression plants showed reduced secondary cell wall deposition, accompanied by repressed expression of secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes. We further showed that MYB6 interacted physically with KNAT7 and formed functional complexes that acted to repress secondary cell wall development in poplar and Arabidopsis. The results provide an insight into the transcriptional mechanisms involved in the regulation of the metabolic fluxes between the flavonoid and lignin biosynthetic pathways in poplar. Significance Statement: The poplar MYB6 transcription factor is involved in the positive regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis but the inhibition of secondary cell wall formation with KNAT7 repressor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si), stands out for its abundant resources, eco‐friendliness, affordability, high capacity, and low operating potential, making it a prime candidate for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Notably, the breakthrough use of nanostructured Si (nSi) has paved the way for the commercialization of Si anodes. Despite this, challenges like high processing costs, severe side reactions, and low volumetric energy density have impeded widespread industrial adoption. Micron‐scale Si (µSi) has always faced setbacks compared to nSi due to its greater volume expansion. However, recent years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in µSi‐based anodes. Capitalizing on its inherent advantages, including low cost and high tap density, µSi has once again captured the attention of both academic and industrial communities. This review begins by contrasting the strengths and weaknesses of µSi and nSi, then outline potential solutions to enhance µSi performance, covering aspects like structural regulation, composite anodes, binder design, and electrolyte exploration. Additionally, this work explores the application of machine learning‐assisted high‐throughput screening. Concluding the review, this work provides insights into the future prospects of µSi in LIBs, outlining challenges and proposing integrated coping strategies. This review anticipates that it will provide valuable perspectives for the commercial application of high‐energy‐density Si‐based anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using coal tar distillate as the starting material, a novel high‐purity 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2,6‐NDA) preparation method was developed. Firstly, the 2,6‐dimethylnaphthalene (2,6‐DMN) precursor was separated by successive vacuum distillation, melt crystallization, and solvent crystallization from the 250–270 °C fraction of the coal tar distillate. Then, over Co‐Mn‐Br as catalysts, oxidation of 2,6‐DMN was carried out in acetic acid to produce crude 2,6‐NDA with molecular oxygen. By high‐temperature hydrogenation, the crude 2,6‐NDA was further purified to obtain high‐purity 2,6‐NDA. From the coal tar distillate to pure 2,6‐NDA, the operation parameters and reaction conditions of each process were optimized and evaluated, indicating that the proposed 2,6‐NDA synthesis method has great potential for industrial application to create cheap feedstock in viable yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To improve cure rates for neuroblastoma (NB), it is important and necessary to evaluate therapy response. Our investigation focuses on using plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker to determine tumor burden and minimal residual disease (MRD) of NB patients during chemotherapy. Methods: Total 58 NB patients were recruited from July 2016 to December 2017. Therapy regime and risk classification were based on COG standard and BCH‐NB‐2007 protocol. RECIST study was used to judge response to therapy at the end of fourth cycle of chemotherapy (CC4) and maintenance stage (MS) respectively. Serial quantifications of cfDNA, NSE, and LDH were examined at four stages, including newly diagnosed, second and CC4, and maintenance. Results: During early chemotherapy, 65.5% of NB kids responded well. Consistently, cfDNA, NSE, and LDH levels were down‐regulated in NB patients with partial remission (PR) compared to those with stable disease (SD). In both training and predicting sets, the levels of cfDNA were significantly comparable between PR and SD only at CC4 stage. To predict the insufficient response to early chemotherapy, the optimal AUC value of cfDNA was 0.732 and 0.747 in training and predicting sets respectively, with a sensitivity of 63.2% and 80% specificity at 11.59 ng/ml and a sensitivity of 68.4% and 90% specificity at 10.35 ng/ml. At MS, responded NB patients were slightly increased up to 70%. This evaluation was confirmed by further decrease in cfDNA and NSE levels during intermediate chemotherapy in comparison with early stage. Conclusion: The dynamic change of cfDNA was considered as a surrogate biomarker to evaluate tumor burden and MRD of NB during early and intermediate therapy periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the preparation and characterisation of certified reference materials of three molybdenum ores (GBW07141 to GBW07143, abbreviated to GMo‐1 to GMo‐3) and one molybdenum concentrate (GBW07144, abbreviated to GMo‐4). The source of these materials was molybdenum deposits in Luanchuan in Henan Province, China. Sample homogeneity was tested by WD‐XRF. All the relative standard deviations were < 3.0%, and F‐tests showed that all four materials were homogeneous. Thirteen laboratories participated in this interlaboratory programme, and to set the values, various reliable analytical methods based on different principles were adopted. Up to twenty‐six elements and compounds in the three molybdenum ores and eighteen components in the molybdenum concentrate were characterised as certified values. Owing to the wide spread of the data, only indicative values could be obtained for Ag and Re in GMo‐1 and for nine components in GMo‐4. The certified values and uncertainties for Mo of the three molybdenum ores and the molybdenum concentrate were, respectively, 0.066 ± 0.003, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.54 ± 0.02 and 50.08 ± 0.14% m/m. Key Points: Three Mo ores and one Mo concentrate were prepared and characterised as CRMs in a thirteen‐laboratory programme.Twenty‐six and eighteen analytes in the ores and concentrate respectively were assigned certified values.Certified values and uncertainties for Mo in the ores and concentrate were 0.066 ± 0.003, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.54 ± 0.02 and 50.08 ± 0.14% m/m. respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of oxygen content on the manganese sulfide in the process of cooling and heat treatment is studied. The experimental results show that the changes of oxygen content have a great effect on the formation and growth of sulfide in free‐cutting steel. And the morphology of sulfides transforms from Type II to type I in cooling process with the increase of oxygen content contribute to the formation of some oxides during initial solidification stage, which results in the formation of MnS from eutectic reaction to monotectic reaction. Oxygen content has a great effect on nucleation through decreasing nucleation work, increasing the oxygen content helps heterogeneous nucleation process. In slow cooling and heat treatment process, with the increase of oxygen content, sulfide inclusion coarsening rate is increasing and size of inclusion is remarkably magnifying, using Ostwald ripening theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tripartite motif‐containing 22 (TRIM22) is reported to participate in numerous cellular activities. Recent studies confirm that TRIM22 is a target gene for P53, and inhibits clonogenic growth of leukemic U‐937 cells. The current study aims to discover the effect of TRIM22 in progression of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explore the related mechanism. TRIM22 was knocked down by siRNA transfection in CML cell K562. We observed that TRIM22 knockdown decreased proliferation and invasion in K562 cells. TRIM22 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest by regulating the level of CDK4, Cyclin D1, P70S6K, and P53 in K562 cell. Moreover, loss of TRIM22 also promoted apoptosis through modulation of Bcl‐2, Bax and active Caspase 3 in K562 cell. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TRIM22 knockdown inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by decreasing the level of the phosphorylated form p‐Akt and p‐mTOR in K562 cell. In conclusion, loss of TRIM22 suppresses the progression and invasion of CML through regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that TRIM22 might be as a potential target for the treatment strategy of CML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]