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Spin crossover (SCO) materials with new architectures will expand and enrich the research in the SCO field. Here, we report two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing tetradentate organic ligands and hexatopic linkers [Ag8X8(CN)6]6− (X=Br and I), which represents the first SCO MOF with clusters as building blocks. The silver halide cluster can be further removed after reacting with lithium tetracyanoquinodimethan (LiTCNQ). Such post‐synthetic modification (PSM) is realized via single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation from urk to nbo topology. Accordingly, the spin state and fluorescence properties are greatly modified by cluster deconstruction. Therefore, these achievements will provide new ideas for the design of new SCO systems and the development of PSM methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a combination treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SSD) of differing severity. Methods: Our study included patients with typical SSD who visited the Medical Research Center for Hair and Skin at our hospital. Symptoms were evaluated using a "16‐point scale" developed at the center. Patients who had mild SSD were treated with Pi Fu Kang Xi Ye (PFKXY), those with moderate SSD were treated with PFKXY combined with Run Zao Zhi Yang Jiao Nang (RZZYJN), and those with severe dermatitis were treated with PFKXY and RZZYJN along with garlicin enteric‐coated tablets. Patients were asked to revisit 4 weeks later to evaluate the efficacy. Results: Symptom scores of all patients decreased by (5.48 ± 2.51) after treatment as compared with before treatment, and the results of t‐test and correlation test were significant (p < 0.01). The scores of patients with mild, moderate and severe SSD decreased by 3.14 ± 1.83, 4.90 ± 1.77, and 8.05 ± 2.21, respectively, after treatment as compared with before treatment. Among them, the changes in scores of patients with moderate dermatitis before and after treatment were significant in the t‐test and correlation test (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this study, the combination treatment of TCM showed significant efficacy in the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe SSD, and the efficacy was stable, especially for patients with moderate SSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laterally epitaxial two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) heterojunctions are of considerable interest in recent years due to atomically sharp interfaces and tunable band alignment, which have potential applications in novel functional electronics and optoelectronics. However, the studies of 2D lateral heterostructures have mainly focused on the synthesis methods and pristine performance of the fabricated heterojunctions. Herein, the controllable photocurrent generation and enhanced performances of the lateral bilayer (LBL) MoS2–WS2 heterojunctions are reported. A tunable and abrupt built‐in field forms at the interface, and the gate‐tunable rectifying behavior and photovoltaic effect are realized. It is demonstrated that the generation of the photocurrent in the device can be highly controlled to realize ultrahigh responsivity of 1.06 × 104 A W−1 and detectivity of 1.14 × 1013 Jones at a 638 nm incident light. The lateral TMDs heterostructures are expected to constitute the ultimate functional elements of novel electronics and optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin photoaging is a condition caused by long‐term exposure to ultraviolet irradiation, resulting in a variety of changes in the skin, such as capillary dilation, increased or absent pigmentation, dryness, sagging, and wrinkles. Stem cells possess a remarkable antioxidant capacity and the ability to proliferate, differentiate, and migrate, and their main mode of action is through paracrine secretion, with exosomes being the primary form of secretion. Stem cell‐derived exosomes contain a variety of growth factors and cytokines and may have great potential to promote skin repair and delay skin ageing. Methods: This review focuses on the mechanisms of UV‐induced skin photoaging, the research progress of stem cell exosomes against skin photoaging, emerging application approaches and limitations in the application of exosome therapy. Result: Exosomes derived from various stem cells have the potential to prevent skin photoaging. Conclusion: The combination with novel materials may be a key step for their practical application, which could be an important direction for future basic research and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS) technique and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined to study the formation of the complexes of lanthanides (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb) and actinides (UO22+, Th4+) with CyMe4‐BTBP (6,6′‐bis(5,5,8,8‐tetramethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐benzo‐[1,2,4‐]triazin‐3‐yl)‐[2,2′]bipyridine) to understand the mechanisms during the extraction process. Mass spectrometry titrations showed the formation of the complexation in acetonitrile. For lanthanides, only 1:2 complexes ([Ln(L)2]3+, [Ln(L)2(CH3CN)]3+), [Ln(L)2(NO3)]2+) were found at low [Ln]/[L] concentration ratios, whereas the 1:1 complexes ([Ln(L)(NO3)2]+) were observed when the [Ln]/[L] concentration ratio reached 1.0. For uranyl complexes, 1:1 complex ([UO2L(NO3)]+) was the only species within the measuring range. Th4+ complexes had two compositions: 1:1 and 1:2, in which 1:2 species was the dominant complex. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was employed to characterize the fragmentation process. The fragmentation process was unfolded sequentially on both sides of CyMe4‐BTBP ligand with the loss of alkyl groups and cleavage of triazinyl rings. The CID results of CyMe4‐BTBP complexes revealed a slight difference depending on the metal center. The DFT calculations showed that the stable complexes formed in acetonitrile solution were consistent with the ESI‐MS results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unprecedented decarboxylative alkylation reaction of β-keto acids with isochromans has been developed under oxidative conditions. A range of β-keto acids smoothly undergo decarboxylative alkylation with isochromans in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine-1-oxoammonium hexafluorophosphate to give structurally diverse 1-acylmethylisochromans in moderate to excellent yields with extremely high regioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coexist of primary angiosarcoma and thrombosis is a rare clinical entity. A 46‐year‐old male was presented with multiple right atrial (RA) masses. Two different vascular patterns in these masses were identified by contrast echocardiography. The possibility of coexistence of malignant tumors and thrombus in RA was implicated, which was further confirmed by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/computer tomography, and pathologic examination. This case highlights the advantages of contrast echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is correlated with systemic atherosclerosis. Statin therapies have been proved to reduce low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level, protecting type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from cardiovascular events. Recently, more interest has been focused on the regression of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) for the potential prevention of amputation. However, the effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on LEAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have not been directly compared. Materials and Methods: This study compared the effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on femoral total plaque areas (FTPA), and lipids and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with elevated LDL‐C level and LEAD. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with LDL‐C level >2.6 mmol/L and LEAD were randomly assigned to receive either pitavastatin 2 mg/day or atorvastatin 10 mg/day for 48 weeks. FTPA were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Levels of glucose and lipids profile were measured periodically. The efficacy was evaluated in 63 patients. Results: The percentage change in FTPA measurements was similar between the pitavastatin group and atorvastatin group (−17.79 ± 21.27% vs −14.34 ± 16.33%), as were the changes in LDL‐C (−44.0 ± 18.0% vs −40.3 ± 18.2%) and triglyceride (17.6 ± 20.0% vs 16.2 ± 17.0%). However, the level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in the pitavastatin group compared with the atorvastatin group after 48 weeks of treatment (12.9 ± 10.3% vs 7.2 ± 11.7%, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups for the measurements of glucose metabolism. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with elevated LDL‐C level and LEAD, 48 weeks of treatment with either pitavastatin or atorvastatin was associated with significant regression of FTPA. Pitavastatin treatment resulted in a significantly higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level compared with atorvastatin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study had an observational design and explored the association between intrauterine aspirin exposure and the blood pressure of the offspring at 7 years old. In general, we disclosed an interesting phenomenon providing valuable insight into the relationship between aspirin exposure and childhood blood pressure, although the mechanism is unclear and our findings may not have direct clinical implications at this stage. 1 Muggleton E, Muggleton T. Re: Association of intrauterine exposure to aspirin and blood pressure at 7 years of age: a secondary analysis. [Extracted from the article]

This study had an observational design and explored the association between intrauterine aspirin exposure and the blood pressure of the offspring at 7 years old. In general, we disclosed an interesting phenomenon providing valuable insight into the relationship between aspirin exposure and childhood blood pressure, although the mechanism is unclear and our findings may not have direct clinical implications at this stage. 1 Muggleton E, Muggleton T. Re: Association of intrauterine exposure to aspirin and blood pressure at 7 years of age: a secondary analysis. [Extracted from the article]

Highlights from the article: Keywords: high energy density; Na3V2(PO4)3; redox flow batteries; redox-targeting; sodium batteries In article number 1901188, Yong-Sheng Hu, Qing Wang and co-workers report a flow battery based on the redox-targeting reactions of methylphenothiazine and fluorenone with Na SB 3 sb V SB 2 sb (PO SB 4 sb ) SB 3 sb as the sole capacity booster in both cathodic and anodic compartments. High energy density, redox flow batteries, sodium batteries, Na3V2(PO4)3, redox-targeting.

Redox flow batteries have considerable advantages of system scalability and operation flexibility over other battery technologies, which makes them promising for large‐scale energy storage application. However, they suffer from low energy density and consequently relatively high cost for a nominal energy output. Redox targeting–based flow batteries are employed by incorporating solid energy storage materials in the tank and present energy density far beyond the solubility limit of the electrolytes. The success of this concept relies on paring suitable redox mediators with solid materials for facilitated reaction kinetics and lean electrolyte composition. Here, a redox targeting‐based flow battery system using the NASICON‐type Na3V2(PO4)3 as a capacity booster for both the catholyte and anolyte is reported. With 10‐methylphenothiazine as the cathodic redox mediator and 9‐fluorenone as anodic redox mediator, an all‐organic single molecule redox targeting–based flow battery is developed. The anodic and cathodic capacity are 3 and 17 times higher than the solubility limit of respective electrolyte, with which a full cell can achieve an energy density up to 88 Wh L−1. The reaction mechanism is scrutinized by operando and in‐situ X‐ray and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The reaction kinetics are analysed in terms of Butler–Volmer formalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hexanuclear Nd (III) complex {[Nd6(HL)2L2X2(NO3)8(EtOH)6]·(EtOH)(H2O)3} (H2L = 2,3‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde‐4‐aminoantipyrine; H2X = 2,3‐dihydroxy benzaldehyde) has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor and antifungal activity. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates Nd (III) complex has a trinuclear cluster structure, which further forms a hexanuclear monomer through two bridging ligands L2−. There are π–π interactions and a lot of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between monomers. Antitumor activity of Nd (III) complex against human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC‐7721 cells has been studied by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphology observation. The IC50 value of Nd (III) complex ranges from 4.02 to 4.85 μM, much smaller than that of clinical drug (gemcitabin) and free ligand (H2L), which is consistent with its high inhibition rate of 90%. Inhibitory zone of 26 mm reveals the significant antifungal activity of Nd (III) complex against Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leonurus japonicus Houtt., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is often used as a gynecological medicine with the effect of promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation, clearing heat, and detoxificating. As the most important alkaloid in L. japonicus, leonurine has a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐apoptosis. Cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases are arrogant killers that threaten human lives and health around the world, but many drugs for treating them have certain side effects. This paper reviews the potential therapeutic effects of leonurine on cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases, summarizes the previous research progress, and focuses on its therapeutic effect in various diseases. Although leonurine plays a prominent role in the treatment of cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases, there are still some shortages, such as low bioavailability, weak transmembrane ability, and poor fat solubility. Therefore, the structure modification of leonurine may solve these problems and provide reference value for the development of new drugs. At present, leonurine is in clinical trial, and it is hoped that our summary will help to provide guidance for its future research on the basic science and clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Salvianolic acids (SalAs), a group of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza, are widely used for treating cerebrovascular diseases. Their biosynthesis is modulated by a variety of abiotic factors, including ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) irradiation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, an integrated metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic approach coupled with transgenic analyses was employed to dissect the mechanisms underlying UV‐B irradiation‐induced SalA biosynthesis. Results of metabolomics showed that 28 metabolites, including 12 SalAs, were elevated in leaves of UV‐B‐treated S. miltiorrhiza. Meanwhile, the contents of several phytohormones, including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, which positively modulate the biosynthesis of SalAs, also increased in UV‐B‐treated S. miltiorrhiza. Consistently, 20 core biosynthetic enzymes and numerous transcription factors that are involved in SalA biosynthesis were elevated in treated samples as indicated by a comprehensive proteomic analysis. Correlation and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the NAC1 gene, encoding a NAC transcriptional factor, was positively involved in UV‐B‐induced SalA biosynthesis. Accordingly, overexpression and RNA interference of NAC1 increased and decreased SalA contents, respectively, through regulation of key biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, ChIP‐qPCR and Dual‐LUC assays showed that NAC1 could directly bind to the CATGTG and CATGTC motifs present in the promoters of the SalA biosynthesis‐related genes PAL3 and TAT3, respectively, and activate their expression. Our results collectively demonstrate that NAC1 plays a crucial role in UV‐B irradiation‐induced SalA biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the UV‐B‐induced SalA biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza, and shed light on a great potential for the development of SalA‐abundant varieties through genetic engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify prognostic autophagy‐related genes and assess the ability of these genes to predict clinical outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Subjects and methods: The details of the human autophagy‐related genes were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to obtain the gene expression profiles and clinical data of patients. Prediction of biological functions of differentially expressed genes was performed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Prognosis‐related genes were identified by Cox regression analysis, and the coefficient was applied to construct a prognostic risk score model. The median of the risk score was applied to distinguish between high‐ and low‐risk groups. The Gene Expression Omnibus database, qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the expression of key genes. Results: KEGG analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in autophagy‐related pathways and virus infection. BAK1, BID, NKX2‐3 and SPHK1 were identified. The risk score model showed that the high‐risk score had poorer overall survival (Kaplan‐Meier analysis, p = 1.79 × 10–7). SPHK1 was upregulated in OSCC tissues and cells, and NXK2‐3 was downregulated. Conclusions: Autophagy‐related gene expression profiles may be a potential biomarker for OSCC prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous clinical studies have found that the efficacy of processed Qixue Shuangbu Prescription has been significantly improved in the treatment of chronic heart failure. However, the absorbed constituents and synergistic mechanisms of processed Qixue Shuangbu Prescription to enhance the therapeutic effect of chronic heart failure remain unclear. In this study, we propose an integrated strategy combining plasma metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to study the absorbed constituents and synergistic mechanisms of processed Qixue Shuangbu Prescription. A total of 34 prototype constituents and 24 metabolites were identified in rat plasma after administration of crude and processed Qixue Shuangbu Prescription. As a result, six potential absorbed constituents and six potential targets for the treatment of chronic heart failure were identified. In addition, the result of molecular docking indicated that the key constituents exhibited good affinity to hub targets. This study showed that the multiomics approach could effectively clarify absorbed constituents and synergistic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine processing from a new perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring and understanding the structure‐mechanical property relations in hierarchical graphene assemblies is crucial for optimizing their mechanical properties and developing new functionalities, as the tensile strength is two orders of magnitude degradation from pristine graphene to graphene assemblies. Yet, quantifying the strength degradation across multiscale is a challenge due to the complex hierarchical structures. Thus, key structures and dominated factors at different lengthscales that affect the mechanical properties of graphene assemblies should be extracted for the reasonable unveiling of this problem. In this study, the multiscale mechanical degradation of graphene assemblies through practical microstructure‐guided multiscale modeling is characterized. Combining with experimental observations, three representative models are developed to study the mechanical behaviors of graphene assemblies at different lengthscales. Then, the dominated factors affecting the strength at these lengthscales are identified, that is the defects in monolayer graphene, tension‐shear load transfer for stacked graphene, and uniformity of graphene assemblies. Based on the simulation results, the structure‐strength relation of graphene assemblies is given, and practical strategies are proposed followed by experimental realization, to significantly improve the mechanical properties of graphene‐based nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion To analyse the histopathological features of eosinophilic sialodochitis by using terminal duct biopsy.Sixty‐five patients with suspected eosinophilic sialodochitis and four with chronic obstructive sialadenitis were prospectively enrolled. Clinical features, laboratory tests and sialograms were comparatively analysed. Terminal duct biopsy of the parotid or submandibular glands was performed concomitantly with endoscopy‐assisted duct dilatation to determine the histopathological features of eosinophilic sialodochitis.Based on eosinophil quantification, the samples of suspected patients were scored as ‘definite’, ‘highly suspected’ and ‘negative’ in 26 (40%), 15 (23.1%) and 24 (36.9%) cases, respectively. Gland types and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were significantly different among these three groups. The proportions of itching glands, mucus plug exudations and elevated immunoglobulin E levels were higher in the ‘definite’ group than in the other two groups; however, the intergroup differences were insignificant. The primary pathological features of eosinophilic sialodochitis were abundant eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltrated around the duct, degranulation of eosinophils, extensive fibrosis and scattered mastocytes. Periductal eosinophils were not found in cases of chronic obstructive sialadenitis.Our findings suggest that terminal duct biopsy is safe and valuable for the pathological confirmation of eosinophilic sialodochitis, and can be used simultaneously with endoscopy‐assisted duct dilatation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexes of metal center and nitrogen ligands are the most representative systems for catalyzing hydrogenation reactions in small molecule conversion. Developing heterogeneous catalysts with similar active metal‐nitrogen functional centers, nevertheless, still remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that the metal‐nitrogen coupling in anti‐perovskite Co4N can be effective modulated by Cu doping to form Co3CuN, leading to strongly promoted hydrogenation process during electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3−RR) to ammonia. The combination of advanced spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory calculations reveal that Cu dopants strengthen the Co−N bond and upshifted the metal d‐band towards the Fermi level, promoting the adsorption of NO3− and *H and facilitating the transition from *NO2/*NO to *NO2H/*NOH. Consequently, the Co3CuN delivers noticeably better NO3−RR activity than the pristine Co4N, with optimal Faradaic efficiency of 97 % and ammonia yield of 455.3 mmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.3 V vs. RHE. This work provides an effective strategy for developing high‐performance heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemical synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexes of metal center and nitrogen ligands are the most representative systems for catalyzing hydrogenation reactions in small molecule conversion. Developing heterogeneous catalysts with similar active metal‐nitrogen functional centers, nevertheless, still remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that the metal‐nitrogen coupling in anti‐perovskite Co4N can be effective modulated by Cu doping to form Co3CuN, leading to strongly promoted hydrogenation process during electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3−RR) to ammonia. The combination of advanced spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory calculations reveal that Cu dopants strengthen the Co−N bond and upshifted the metal d‐band towards the Fermi level, promoting the adsorption of NO3− and *H and facilitating the transition from *NO2/*NO to *NO2H/*NOH. Consequently, the Co3CuN delivers noticeably better NO3−RR activity than the pristine Co4N, with optimal Faradaic efficiency of 97 % and ammonia yield of 455.3 mmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.3 V vs. RHE. This work provides an effective strategy for developing high‐performance heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemical synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high‐performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are critical for the practical application of many electrochemical energy devices. In this study, taking layered perovskite oxide thin films as the model system, it is demonstrated that the OER pathway can be effectively shifted by activating lattice oxygen, leading to strongly enhanced intrinsic activity. The OER performance of Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP)‐phase cobaltite is significantly enhanced as Sr doping at the A site increases, which is attributed to the shift of the reaction pathway from adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) to lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM). Advanced spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory calculations reveal that the Sr dopant effectively facilitates oxygen ligand hole formation, charge transfer from the oxygen sites, and the formation and migration of oxygen vacancy, hence promoting lattice oxygen to participate in surface reactions. The results provide critical insight into the role of oxygen activity and offer a potential way for constructing highly active electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Predictive biomarkers for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) immunotherapy are lacking, and immunotherapy resistance remains to be addressed. The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in ESCC immune escape and immunotherapy resistance remains to be elucidated. Methods: The tumour‐associated macrophage‐upregulated lncRNAs and the exosomal lncRNAs highly expressed in ESCC immunotherapy nonresponders were identified by lncRNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction assays. CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to explore the functional roles of the lncRNA. RNA pull‐down, MS2‐tagged RNA affinity purification (MS2‐TRAP) and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to identify lncRNA‐associated proteins and related mechanisms. In vivo, the humanized PBMC (hu‐PBMC) mouse model was established to assess the therapeutic responses of specific lncRNA inhibitors and their combination with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Single‐cell sequencing, flow cytometry, and multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry were used to analyze immune cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment. Results: We identified a lncRNA that is involved in tumour immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance. High LINC02096 (RIME) expression in plasma exosomes correlates with a reduced response to PD‐1 mAb treatment and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, RIME binds to mixed lineage leukaemia protein‐1 (MLL1) and prevents ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 2 (ASB2)‐mediated MLL1 ubiquitination, improving the stability of MLL1. RIME‐MLL1 increases H3K4me3 levels in the promoter regions of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1), constitutively increasing the expression of PD‐L1/IDO‐1 in tumour cells and inhibiting CD8+ T cells infiltration and activation. RIME depletion in huPBMC‐NOG mice significantly represses tumour development and improves the effectiveness of PD‐1 mAb treatment by activating T‐cell‐mediated antitumour immunity. Conclusions: This study reveals that the RIME‐MLL1‐H3K4me3 axis plays a critical role in tumour immunosuppression. Moreover, RIME appears to be a potential prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy and developing drugs that target RIME may be a new therapeutic strategy that overcomes immunotherapy resistance and benefits patients with ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilms and their associated infections have posed serious threats to the society from both an economical concern and a healthcare perspective. Graphene oxide (GO) has recently prompted the emergence of applications in the area of antibacterial materials owing to its high biocompatibility and surface functionalization. However, the weak biological interactions with microbial cells limit the antibiotic activity of GO. Herein, by combining GO with currently utilized antibacterial metal ions, copper ion‐graphene oxide composite (Cu2+@GO) with exceptional bactericidal activity is achieved in this work. Cu2+@GO composite possessed more than 95% antimicrobial efficiency of both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) compared with the Cu2+ only group or GO only group. Additionally, the composite inhibits the formation of bacterial biofilms, making it a potential candidate for the development of alternative antimicrobials. Antibacterial mechanism study shows that Cu2+@GO has both bacteria‐binding ability and the property of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause the bacterial destruction. In vivo experiments indicate that Cu2+@GO possess an inhibition effect to P. aeruginosa‐induced keratitis. Overall, this work demonstrates that Cu2+@GO may be promising antibacterial agents for the treatment of bacterial infection, which contributes to designing more antibiotic and safe graphene‐based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from natural seawater faces the severe challenges of abundant salts, which adsorb on the active sites and result in undesirable side reactions and photocatalyst poisoning. Herein, a series of main‐chain‐engineered discontinuously conjugated polymer (DCP) photocatalysts is presented with bifunctional crown ether (CE) structures for hydrogen evolution from seawater. The hydrophilic CE can significantly inhibit the aggregation of DCPs induced by salts. Meanwhile, cyclic CE can effectively adsorb cations to uncover the active sites to increase their interaction with protons, which can increase the hydrogen evolution rates and significantly reduce the efficiency roll‐off in natural seawater. Through atomistic studies, the formation of hydrogen bonds with bifunctional CE is elucidated and further analysis of the microscale mechanisms is also conducted using molecular dynamics and ab initio techniques. This work suggests that CE‐based polymer has the potential to enhance its ability to produce hydrogen through photocatalysis using seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is a chemical softener and plasticizer commonly used in toys, food packaging, wallpaper, detergents and shampoos. The estrogenic actions of BBP have detrimental effects on humans and animals. In this study, the specific influence of BBP on mouse oocyte maturation was investigated using in vivo and in vitro models. The experiment first verified that BBP exposure significantly affected the rate of oocyte exclusion of the first polar body, although it did not affect germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) through in vitro oocyte culture system. Results of in vitro fertilization show that BBP exposure affects blastocyst rate. Subsequently, the results obtained by immunofluorescence staining technology showed that oocyte spindle organization, chromosomal arrangement and the distribution of cortical actin were disrupted by BBP exposure, and led to the failure of oocyte meiotic maturation and the subsequent early embryo development. Singe‐cell transcriptome analysis found that BBP exposure altered the expression levels of 588 genes, most associated with mitochondria‐related oxidative stress. Further analysis demonstrated that the detrimental effects of BBP involved the disruption of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress‐induced early apoptosis. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation reduced the adverse effects of BBP. Collectively, these findings revealed a mechanism of BBP‐induced toxicity on female reproduction and showed that NMN provides an effective treatment for BBP actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a narrow‐bandgap semiconductor, InSb is widely used in infrared (IR) detection due to its excellent performance and other characteristics such as ultrahigh electron mobility, extremely high quantum efficiency, and robust chemical properties. Herein, an ultralow dark current room‐temperature IR photodetector based on InSb nanosheets (NSs)/MoS2 flakes van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is presented. Benefiting from a large surface‐to‐volume ratio and phonon scattering suppressed on the nanostructure, InSb NSs devices have high photosensitivity and low dark current density (16.67 A cm−2). To further suppress the dark current, a vdW heterojunction composed of InSb NSs and MoS2 is fabricated. When the InSb NSs/MoS2 vdW heterostructures' photodetector work on a photovoltaic model (zero‐bias operation), the device shows a dark current density as low as 0.12 A cm−2 at room temperature, exhibiting a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.6 × 102%, the responsivity of 3.8 A W−1, and detectivity of 1.2 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 under 1310 nm laser illumination. These results demonstrate that InSb NSs vdW heterostructure is a feasible scheme to realize InSb room‐temperature IR detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meanwhile, another study showed that AD is more common in patients with severe versus mild AA.[9] Dupilumab is the first biological medicine approved for moderate to severe AD treatment. Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic immune-mediated non-scarring alopecia. In addition, a transcriptomic analysis of AA skin biopsy showed increased gene expression associated with the Th2 immune response, while increased serum interleukin-13 levels were identified.[8] It was found that filaggrin mutations are an important risk factor for AD and related to AA severity. [Extracted from the article]

State‐of‐the‐art flexible supercapacitors suffer from electrochemical and environmental performance issues including manufacturing expense limitations. Therefore, a highly effective and low‐cost strategy to develop supercapacitors is needed. To address this, a plant‐based, high‐performance, lightweight, low‐cost, quasi‐solid state, and composite electrode for flexible supercapacitors has been synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The composite electrode is made of alkali lignin and is decorated with MnO2 particles including an Al substrate. An Al/lig/MnO2 based anode and an Al/AC (activated carbon) based cathode were sandwiched using an inorganic polymer gel‐type electrolyte made of PVA/H3PO4 in order to assemble the supercapacitor. Synchrotron tomography and SEM are employed to study the detailed electrode morphology. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic charge‐discharge (CCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) have been used to assess electrochemical performance. Optimization is carried out using a series of lignin:MnO2 samples with varying constituent ratios. After 3000 charge‐discharge cycles, the highest specific capacitance value achieved at 40 mA g−1 reached 379 mF cm−2, (900 times reported). The capacitance retention, maximum energy density, and maximum power density are 80%, 6 Wh kg−1, and 355 W kg−1 respectively. Due to the superior electrochemical performance, the supercapacitor shows exceptional potential for future sustainable and green electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SPME‐GC‐TOFMS, E‐nose, and sensory evaluation were used to explore the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in four Chinese Yunnan coffee at three conditions (beans, ground powder, and brewed coffee). VOCs were detected by GC‐TOFMS and compared the difference between all samples, depending on the VOCs in the coffee sample. The E‐nose was used for rapid detection to differentiate the sample. The two results are analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Quantitative description analysis (QDA) was used to evaluate the flavor profiles of coffee samples. The results shown that GC‐TOFMS detected 412, 498, and 294 VOCs in roasted, ground powder, and brewed coffee, respectively. The PCA of SPME‐GC‐TOFMS results shown that Nankang coffee was mainly related to ketone compounds; the aroma of Hongguang coffee was determined by dimethyl disulfide and acetic acid; pyrazine and ketone compounds were important to Hainan coffee; ketone and ester compounds were dominated in Xinghuan coffee. The results of E‐nose shown that the first two principal components (PCs) accounted for 97.3%, 92.5%, and 93.8% of variances in roasted, ground powder, and brewed coffee, respectively. The different brands of coffee samples at the same condition shown separated locations on the PCA results of E‐nose. Sensory evaluation shown the special flavor of coffee samples, Nankang coffee with a bake flavor, Hongguang coffee had chocolate and nutty flavors, Hainan coffee had the caramel‐like aroma, and the aroma Xinghuan coffee was sweet. This study could provide a better understanding of Chinese coffee produced in Yunnan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report a case of adenoviral pneumonia associated with critical ARDS treated with Cidofovir, prone ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The patient responded well to therapy and recovered without further complications. Cidofovir, with early prone ventilation and ECMO support, may be a therapeutic option for patients with critical ARDS related to adenoviral pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient electrochemical selenylation of uracils in the presence of NH4I for the synthesis of 5‐selenouracils has been developed. This transformation was performed in the transition metal‐free, oxidant‐free, and aerobic conditions, providing a rapid and practical protocol to 5‐selenouracil derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Human pregnancy is a complex biological process, and spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy. LncRNAs have been identified that play key roles in a variety of human diseases. Recently, lncRNAPVT1 was reported to relate to the pathogenesis and progression of pregnancy. However, the role and underlying mechanism of PVT1 in trophoblast cell dysfunction in spontaneous abortion remain largely unknown. Method of study: The effects of PVT1, miR‐424, and eIF5A on HTR8 cells and human villi tissues from spontaneous or induced abortions were investigated using CCK‐8 assay, EdU assay, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, cell transfection assays, cell migration assays, and luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: Overexpression of PVT1 promoted HTR8 cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Suppression of PVT1 promoted miR‐424 expression, and miR‐424 could modulate the effects of PVT1 in HTR8 cells. MiR‐424 exerted its function via regulation of eIF5A expression in HTR8 cells. PVT1 and eIF5A expression were decreased and miR‐424 was increased in clinical samples from spontaneous abortion, compared to samples from elective induced abortion. Conclusion: PVT1 regulates trophoblast cell function via modulation of a PVT1/miR‐424/eIF5A pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red sufu is a subtype of fermented soybean curd products that is red in color. There is little information available regarding the sensory properties of red sufu products. Therefore, the objectives of this investigation were to develop and validate a lexicon for profiling sensory properties of red sufu products. In this study, 10 qualified panelists were selected to develop a list of descriptors using 8 randomly selected commercial red sufus available from local market. M% value and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to reduce the number of descriptors from the initial 117 terms to the final 15 descriptors. Furthermore, 12 red sufu samples were selected for validation of the red sufu lexicon. Both PCA and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis validated that the newly developed lexicon could discriminate among red sufu samples. Practical applications: The lexicon developed in this study for red sufus will be useful for researchers and manufacturers to identify and describe similarities and differences of different commercial red sufus to help in their red sufu product development. Furthermore, it can be used to correlate with the instrumental data to strengthen the flavor quality control in the red sufu products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have developed a simple and efficient single‐nozzle electrospinning strategy involving the phase separation of polystyrene and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) to construct cable‐like core–shell mesoporous SnO2 nanofibers. Compared with traditional multi‐axial electrospinning approaches to the synthesis of core–shell nanofibers, the single‐nozzle electrospinning process requires no complex multi‐axial electrospinning setups or post‐treatments, just drying and annealing after electrospinning. The obtained SnO2 nanofibers show promise as a sensing material for formaldehyde at low concentrations, the detection limit being about 1 ppm. Furthermore, the nanofibers exhibited good cycling stability and selectivity, with response and recovery times toward 10 ppm formaldehyde being approximately 18 and 196 s, respectively, at an operating temperature of 195 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) technology was applied to recrystallize and micronize three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of monobenzone, ethylparaben, and kojic acid. All unprocessed (original) APIs had a large mean particle size over 200 μm with wide particle size distribution. Supercritical carbon dioxide served as the solvent to extract each API in a high‐pressure vessel. The nearly saturated supercritical solution was then expanded through a capillary spray nozzle to ambient pressure state. The APIs were recrystallized in a very short time period. The final API particles with submicron sizes were obtained with much less intensity of crystallinity. The optimal RESS process parameters and the improved result of the in vitro dissolution test for the API of ethylparaben are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are encountered in all types of care settings. The incidence of PUs in the intensive care unit (ICU) is higher for a variety of reasons. The Braden Scale is a widely used tool to assess the risk of PU, but its predictive power is controversial in ICU settings. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the Braden Scale for measurement of risk of PU in adult ICU patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search in English databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, OVID, and Web of Science), Chinese databases (SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang), and gray literature was performed. Studies assessing the predictive value of the Braden Scale for risk of PU in adult ICU patients were searched. Quality of the studies was scored with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2. Country, study design, setting, blinding, and characteristics of included studies were extracted. Results: Eleven full‐text articles containing 10 044 patients, comprising 1058 patients with PUs were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Braden Scale for predicting PU risk in ICU adults were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87‐0.91; I2 = 94.9%, P =.0000) and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.27‐0.29; I2 = 99.2%, P =.0000), respectively. The pooled DOR was 6.29 (95% CI: 4.09‐9.68). The overall weighted AUC was 0.7812 ± 0.0331 (95% CI: 0.7163‐0.8461) and the Q* value was 0.7196 ± 0.0283 (95% CI: 0.6641‐0.7751). Significant heterogeneity was noted among the included studies. Meta‐regression analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity in blinding (P =.074), study design (P =.679), or cut‐off value (P =.821). Conclusions: This meta‐analysis demonstrated that the Braden Scale had a moderate predictive validity with good sensitivity and low specificity in adult critically ill patients. Further development and modification of this tool or generation of a new tool with higher predictive power is warranted for use in ICU populations. Relevance to clinical practice: The first step in prevention of PU is risk assessment. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to evaluate the predictive power of the Braden Scale for assessing risk of PU in ICU adult patients, which could potentially guide clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO adlayers on Pt(111) electrode surfaces are an important electrochemical system and of great relevance to electrocatalysis. The potential‐dependent structure and dynamics of these adlayers are complex and still controversial, especially in the CO pre‐oxidation regime. We here employ in situ high‐speed scanning tunneling microscopy for studying the surface phase behavior in CO‐saturated 0.1 m H2SO4 on the millisecond time scale. At potentials near the onset of CO pre‐oxidation local fluctuations in the (2×2)‐CO adlayer are observed, which increase towards more positive potentials. Above 0.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), this leads to an adlayer where COad apparently reside on every top site, but still exhibit a (2×2) superstructure modulation. We interpret this observation as a dynamic effect, caused by a small number of highly mobile point defects in the (2×2)‐CO adlayer. As shown by density functional theory calculations, the CO lattice near such defects relaxes into a local (1×1) arrangement, which can rapidly propagate across the surface. This scenario, where a static (2×2) COad sublattice coexists with a highly dynamic sublattice of partially occupied top sites, explains the pronounced COad surface mobility during electrooxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO adlayers on Pt(111) electrode surfaces are an important electrochemical system and of great relevance to electrocatalysis. The potential‐dependent structure and dynamics of these adlayers are complex and still controversial, especially in the CO pre‐oxidation regime. We here employ in situ high‐speed scanning tunneling microscopy for studying the surface phase behavior in CO‐saturated 0.1 m H2SO4 on the millisecond time scale. At potentials near the onset of CO pre‐oxidation local fluctuations in the (2×2)‐CO adlayer are observed, which increase towards more positive potentials. Above 0.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), this leads to an adlayer where COad apparently reside on every top site, but still exhibit a (2×2) superstructure modulation. We interpret this observation as a dynamic effect, caused by a small number of highly mobile point defects in the (2×2)‐CO adlayer. As shown by density functional theory calculations, the CO lattice near such defects relaxes into a local (1×1) arrangement, which can rapidly propagate across the surface. This scenario, where a static (2×2) COad sublattice coexists with a highly dynamic sublattice of partially occupied top sites, explains the pronounced COad surface mobility during electrooxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many human diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, show annual increases in prevalence and often involve intestinal microbes. One such probiotic bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, which was discovered a decade ago, has been reported to influence glucose homeostasis and to contribute to gut health. Amuc_1100, a functionally uncharacterized protein of A. muciniphila, was found to be a key active component in reducing the body weight of mice. Here, the crystal structure of Amuc_1100 (residues 31–317), referred to as Amuc_1100*, is reported at 2.1 Å resolution. Amuc_1100* has a similar fold to three proteins related to pilus formation, PilO, PilN and EpsL, indicating a similar function. Biochemical investigations further confirmed a monomeric state for the soluble region of Amuc_1100, which differs from the dimeric states of PilO, PilN and EpsL. This study provides a structural basis for the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of Amuc_1100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the computational biomechanical analysis of intra‐articular calcaneal fractures with different fixation status of the sustentaculum plate screw, when the finite element modeling of calcaneal fractures were fixed by the lateral locking plate. Methods: The normal right foot of a male (age: 36 years; height: 174 cm; body weight: 65 kg) was scanned by the CT scanner. As the computational biomechanical study, the three‐dimensional finite element model of the simplified Sanders type‐II calcaneal fracture was built. Fixation with the lateral calcaneal locking plate and screws was simulated using a finite element software package according to clinical operation. According to the different placement of the sustentaculum plate screw, the models were categorized as the accurate fixation group, marginal fixation group, and non‐fixation group. The loading of 650 N with the vertical axial compression was applied to simulate the standing phase with single foot. The Von Mises stress distribution, maximal displacement, and contact area of the subtalar joint were analyzed among three groups. Results: The pressure distribution of the subtalar joint facet was inhomogeneous. The stress concentration of the calcaneus was located at the medial zone of the posterior subtalar joint facet. The peak Von Mises stress distribution in three groups was similar at the subtalar joint facet of 4.9 MPa, 5.1 MPa, and 5.4 MPa. In the accurate fixation group, the contact area on the posterior articular facet was 277.1 mm2; the maximal displacement was 0.18 mm. The contact area of the marginal fixation group was 265.3 mm2 on the posterior facet, where the maximal displacement was 0.23 mm. In the non‐fixation group, the contact area was 253.8 mm2; the maximal displacement was 0.25 mm. There was a slight change in the contact area of the subtalar joint and no prominent displacement of the calcaneus could be detected among the three groups. Conclusions: The biomechanical results, including the peak stress distribution, contact area, and maximal displacement of subtalar joint, were similar whether the screw is placed exactly within the sustentaculum tali or not, when the calcaneal fractures were fixed by the lateral locking plate. The sustentaculum plate screw had less effect on the biomechanical performance of the calcaneus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toward pursuing high‐performance photodetectors based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), it is desirable to reduce the high dark current and sluggish response time. Here, in multilayer MoS2‐based photodetectors, a 2D halide perovskite, (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4 ((PEA)2PbI4), is introduced as a bifunctional material: both as electron reservoir to reduce free carriers and passivation agent to passivate defects. Surprisingly, dark current is suppressed by six orders of magnitude after coating a (PEA)2PbI4 thin layer onto pristine MoS2 photodetector, with the dark current decreased to 10−11 A. This huge reduction of dark current suggests an efficient interlayer charge transfer from MoS2 to (PEA)2PbI4, which is further verified by photoluminescence quenching phenomenon. It indicates that (PEA)2PbI4 serves as electron reservoir to reduce carrier density of MoS2, resulting in ultrahigh detectivity (1.06 × 1013 Jones). Moreover, the response speed is also accelerated by more than 100‐fold due to passivation by 2D perovskite. In addition, it is found that this type of photodetectors can further work at self‐power mode (with the bias of 0 V). Therefore, the strategy of applying 2D perovskite on the surface of TMDs provides a novel way to fabricate high‐performance photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: As a normal physiological process, sleep has recently been shown to facilitate clearance of macromolecular metabolic wastes from the brain via the glymphatic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate pathophysiological roles of astroglial aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a functional regulator of glymphatic clearance, in a mouse model of chronic sleep disruption (SD). Methods: Adult AQP4 null mice and wild‐type (WT) mice were given 7 days of SD using the improved rotating rod method, and then received behavioral, neuropathological, and neurochemical analyses. Results: Aquaporin 4 deletion resulted in an impairment of glymphatic transport and accumulation of β‐amyloid and Tau proteins in the brain following SD. AQP4 null SD mice exhibited severe activation of microglia, neuroinflammation, and synaptic protein loss in the hippocampus, as well as decreased working memory, compared with WT‐SD mice. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that AQP4‐mediated glymphatic clearance ameliorates brain impairments caused by abnormal accumulation of metabolic wastes following chronic SD, thus serving as a potential target for sleep‐related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is induced by multiple factors including increased apoptosis, decreased survival, and reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in the nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) is the only known lipid phosphatase counteracting the PI3K/AKT pathway. Loss of PTEN leads to activated PI3K/AKT signaling, which plays a key role in a variety of cancers. However, the role of PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling nexus in IDD remains unknown. Here, we report that PTEN is overexpressed in degenerative NP, which correlates with inactivated AKT. Using the PTEN knockdown approach by lentivirus‐mediated short interfering RNA gene transfer technique, we report that PTEN decreases survival but induces apoptosis and senescence of NP cells. PTEN also inhibits expression and production of ECM components including collagen II, aggrecan, and proteoglycan. Furthermore, PTEN modulates the expression of ECM regulatory molecules SOX‐9 and matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3). Using small‐molecule AKT inhibitor GDC‐0068, we confirm that PTEN regulates NP cell behaviors through its direct targeting of PI3K/AKT. These findings demonstrate for the first time that PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IDD. Targeting PTEN using gene therapy may represent a promising therapeutic approach against disc degenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand the kinematics and geodynamics of the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic transition from accretionary to intracontinental tectonics in the southwest Central Asian Orogenic Belt, we performed a paleomagnetic study on Lower Permian strata in the Turpan‐Hami Basin, NW China. Magnetite and hematite are shown to be the principal magnetic remanence carriers. A typical sedimentary fabric that has not been modified by postdepositional deformation is recognized via magnetic fabric study. Stable characteristic remanent magnetizations, all of reverse magnetic polarity, are revealed by step demagnetizations. Remanence age is determined to be of Early Permian affinity, based on a fold test, remanence behavior of minerals, and geochronologic data. With inclination shallowing corrections, the first Early Permian paleomagnetic pole for the Turpan‐Hami Block is acquired as λ = 75.7°N, φ = 276.3°E, A95 = 5.7°, and N = 10 sites. Comparisons of this new pole with published ones from neighboring cratonic blocks provide kinematic constraints on the tectonic transition and subsequent intracontinental tectonics of this region. The Turpan‐Hami and Yili blocks have kept their relative positions since the Early Permian. Significant latitudinal movement of 14.7° ± 7.2° occurred between the Turpan‐Hami and South Junggar blocks and could be mainly accommodated by late Paleozoic crustal shortening of at least ~530 km across an intra‐arc basin in the Bogda belt. The Turpan‐Hami Block has experienced large‐magnitude relative rotations of −41.1° ± 7.1° and 21.2° ± 9.4° with respect to Tarim and South Junggar since the Early Permian, respectively, corresponding to dominant intracontinental tectonics characterized by large‐magnitude strike‐slip displacements along megashear zones. Key Points: The first Early Permian paleomagnetic pole for the Turfan‐Hami basin is obtainedLarge‐magnitude strike‐slip displacement along megashear zones is confirmed as dominant intracontinental tectonics in the SW CAOBAn Early Permian intra‐arc basin of ~530 km width is proposed to exist in the Bogda belt, between the Turpan‐Hami and South Junggar blocks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantile residual lifetime function provides comprehensive quantitative measures for residual life, especially when the distribution of the latter is skewed or heavy‐tailed and/or when the data contain outliers. In this paper, we propose a general class of semiparametric quantile residual life models for length‐biased right‐censored data. We use the inverse probability weighted method to correct the bias due to length‐biased sampling and informative censoring. Two estimating equations corresponding to the quantile regressions are constructed in two separate steps to obtain an efficient estimator. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established. The main difficulty in implementing our proposed method is that the estimating equations associated with the quantiles are nondifferentiable, and we apply the majorize–minimize algorithm and estimate the asymptotic covariance using an efficient resampling method. We use simulation studies to evaluate the proposed method and illustrate its application by a real‐data example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is associated with neurological complications, and accumulated evidence shows that biological pathways in diabetes are targeted by noncoding RNA transcripts. In this study, the role of long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) p21/microRNA‐221 (miR‐221)/fructooligosaccharide (FOS) axis was investigated in the mice with diabetes treatment. The streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mouse model was established. The learning ability and the pathological changes in mice were analyzed. After that, the interaction among miR‐221, lincRNA p21, and FOS was explored and verified. The subcellular location of lincRNA p21 was identified. Finally, the cell cycle and apoptosis of the hippocampus neurons were measured. In the diabetic mice, the levels of blood glucose were higher and the leaning abilities were inhibited. miR‐221 was highly expressed in the diabetic mice whereas lincRNA p21 and FOS were poorly expressed. miR‐221 could bind with both lincRNA p21 and FOS. miR‐221 silencing or lincRNA p21 overexpression in the diabetes mice reduced the cell apoptosis rate, and the expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase‐3, whereas increase the Bcl‐2 expression. Overexpression of lincRNA p21 promotes FOS expression by binding to miR‐221, thereby, inhibiting hippocampal neuron apoptosis in diabetic mice. This may offer potential targets for diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycophenolate mofetil is an antiproliferative immunosuppressive agent. Since its clinical efficacy and safety highly depend on the quality, the stability, and impurity profiles of mycophenolate mofetil are paid ever‐increasing attention. However, there are few published studies reporting the complete characterization of both the process‐related substances and degradation products in mycophenolate mofetil. In the present study, a highly specific and efficient liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry method was developed for the separation and identification of all the potential impurities in mycophenolate mofetil. According to the ICH Q1A (R2) guideline, the forced degradation studies were conducted to elucidate the stability and degradation pathways of mycophenolate mofetil. A total of 15 related substances, including the process‐related substances and stress degradation products were characterized by the established hyphenated method, 11 of them have not been reported before. In view of the synthetic route and degradation pathways of mycophenolate mofetil, the origins and formation mechanisms of these related substances were discussed. Based on the obtained stability and impurity profiles, key points of the manufacturing process were proposed to deliver mycophenolate mofetil with high purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), a novel biomarker of stress hyperglycemia, was proved to be a reliable predictor of short‐term adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, its impact on long‐term prognosis remained controversial. Methods: A total of 7662 patients with ACS from a large nationwide prospective cohort between January 2015 and May 2019 were included. SHR was calculated by the following formula: SHR = admission glucose (mmol/L)/(1.59 × HbA1c [%]−2.59). The primary end point was a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) during follow‐up, a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization. The second end point was the separate components of the primary end points. Results: During a median follow‐up of 2.1 years, 779 MACE events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, ACS patients with the highest SHR tertile were significantly associated with increased long‐term risks of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–1.88), all‐cause death (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.29–2.51) and unplanned revascularization (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09–1.91). Although significant associations between the highest SHR tertile and risks of MACE and all‐cause death were assessed in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, the patterns of risk were different in these two groups. Conclusion: Elevated SHR was independently associated with a higher risk of long‐term outcomes irrespective of diabetic status, suggesting that SHR was a potential biomarker for risk stratification after ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A rapid and accurate forecast for the early prognosis of ICH patients is challenging. This study investigated whether heart rate variability (HRV) and skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) could prognosticate poor neurological outcomes in ICH patients. Methods: Between November 2020 and November 2021, we studied 92 spontaneous ICH patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 2 weeks after the ICH was used to categorize patients into good and poor outcome groups. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessed patients' ability to live independently for 1 year. We utilized a portable high‐frequency electrocardiogram (ECG) recording system to record the HRV and SKNA information in ICH patients and control participants. Results: 77 patients were eligible for the prediction of neurological outcome and were allocated into the good (n = 22) or poor (n = 55) outcome groups based on the GOS grade. In univariate logistic regression analysis, significant variables that could differentiate the outcomes were age, hypertension, tracheal intubation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, existing intraventricular hemorrhage, white blood cells, neutrophil, lnVLF, lnTP, and aSKNA. Variables in the best fit multivariable logistic regression model were age, hypertension, GCS score, neutrophils, and aSKNA. The GCS score was the only independent risk factor for poor outcomes. At 30 days and 1 year of follow‐up, patients with lower aSKNA had poor outcomes. Interpretation: ICH patients had reduced aSKNA, which could be a prognostic indicator. A lower aSKNA suggested a worse prognosis. The present data indicate that ECG signals could be helpful for prognosticating ICH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]