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Avian ceca play an important role in liquid absorption, cellulose digestion, and defensive mechanism. This study aims to demonstrate histological and histochemical characteristics of developing chicken cecum. For this purpose, 10 embryos on the 18th day of incubation, 10 chicks on hatching day and 10 chicks on the seventh day post‐hatching were used. The histological sections prepared from proximal, middle, and distal parts of cecum were stained with Crossmon's triple stain, periodic‐acid Schiff, Alcian blue (pH 2.5), Masson‐Fontana's argentaffin silver stain and Gordon and Sweets's silver stain. Alpha‐naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP‐ase) were also demonstrated in the sections. In the proximal part, although the villi were rudimentary on the 18th day of incubation, well‐developed villi were seen at seventh day post‐hatching. In middle and distal parts, while it was seen that rudimentary folds appeared on the 18th day of incubation, mucosal folds were prominent and short villi were formed on the hatching day and seventh day post‐hatching. Goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells were detected from the 18th day of incubation. The lymphoid follicles supported with reticular fibres were seen on the seventh day post‐hatching in proximal cecum wall. While ACP‐ase (+) lymphocytes were rarely observed, more ANAE (+) lymphocytes were in lymphoid follicles. As a result, development of cecum in chickens has been demonstrated by histological techniques in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine of the effects of in ovo administered BPA on embryonic development of the tibial growth plate using histological methods in chickens. Methods: Three hundred and ten fertile eggs of Isa Brown laying parent stock were divided into five groups as untreated control, vehicle‐injected control, 50, 100, and 250 μg/egg BPA. At the 13th, 18th, and 21st days of incubation, eggs were randomly opened from each group until 10 live embryos were obtained. Embryos were weighed and crown‐rump length was measured. Tibial tissue samples were taken from embryos. Tibia weight, relative tibia weight and tibia length were determined. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Sections were stained with Safranin O staining methods and zones in the growth plate were measured. Also, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was stained immunohistochemically. Results: The mortality in the BPA treated groups was higher than untreated control group. The results have revealed that mean relative embryo weights, crown‐rump length, mean tibia weight, relative tibia weight, and tibia length of BPA treated groups were significantly lower when compared to the untreated control and vehicle‐injected control groups. Also, proliferative zone get significantly narrowed, whereas the transitional and hypertrophic zone thickened and PCNA positive chondrocytes increased in growth plate of BPA treated groups. Conclusion: These results have suggested that developmental exposure to BPA adversely affected development of the tibial growth plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]