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We integrate the job characteristics and dual work passion models to explore the indirect (via work meaningfulness) effects of job characteristics (i.e., job autonomy, task identity, skill variety, task significance, feedback from the job and feedback from others) on two types of work passion, harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP). We first advance occupation‐specific predictions for job characteristics‐to‐work passion relationships and then explore differences in those relationships between HP and OP across four occupational sectors: knowledge work (n = 201), blue‐collar work (n = 148), nonprofit work (n = 141), and managerial work (n = 133). Our findings demonstrate that job characteristics are important drivers of work passion. However, our key discovery is that the motivational impact of the job characteristics is not universally applicable but rather depends on the specific occupational context and whether passion is harmonious or obsessive. We therefore conclude that when it comes to translating job characteristics into work passion, the one‐size‐fits‐all approach is not appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite increased recognition that structural racism contributes to poorer health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities, there are knowledge gaps about how current patterns of racial residential segregation are associated with cancer screening uptake. The authors examined associations between Black residential segregation and screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) and cervical cancer among non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Hispanic White adults. Methods: This was a retrospective study of CRC and cervical cancer screening‐eligible adults from five health care systems within the Population‐Based Research to Optimize the Screening Process (PROSPR II) Consortium (cohort entry, 2010–2012). Residential segregation was measured using site‐specific quartiles of the Black local isolation score (LIS). The outcome was receipt of CRC or cervical cancer screening within 3 years of cohort entry (2010–2015). Logistic regression was used to calculate associations between the LIS and screening completion, adjusting for patient‐level covariates. Results: Among CRC (n = 642,661) and cervical cancer (n = 163,340) screening‐eligible patients, 456,526 (71.0%) and 106,124 (65.0%), respectively, received screening. Across PROSPR sites, living in neighborhoods with higher LIS tended to be associated with lower odds of CRC screening (Kaiser Permanente Northern California: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] LIS trend in Black patients, 0.95 [p <.001]; aOR LIS trend in White patients, 0.98 [p <.001]; Kaiser Permanente Southern California: aOR LIS trend in Black patients, 0.98 [p =.026]; aOR LIS trend in White patients, 1.01 [p =.023]; Kaiser Permanente Washington: aOR LIS trend in White patients, 0.97 [p =.002]. However, for cervical cancer screening, associations with the LIS varied by site and race (Kaiser Permanente Washington: aOR LIS trend in White patients, 0.95 [p <.001]; Mass General Brigham: aOR LIS trend in Black patients, 1.12 [p <.001]; aOR LIS trend in White patients, 1.03 [p <.001]). Conclusions: Across five diverse health care systems, the direction of the association between Black residential segregation and screening varied by PROSPR site, race, and screening type. Additional research, including studies that examine multiple dimensions of segregation and structural racism using intersectional approaches, are needed to further disentangle these relationships. In a retrospective study of five diverse health care systems in the United States, Black residential segregation, as measured by using the local isolation score, was not consistently associated with colorectal or cervical cancer screening in adjusted models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using density functional theory at D3‐B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level combined with the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) solvent model, a study of the IR spectrum of H2O:HCN mixtures is reported. The CPCM solvent effect notably enhances the accuracy of the IR spectra compared to gas‐phase calculations, while the dielectric constant value has minimum impact on the final spectrum. An optimized methodology is suggested that effectively minimizes the root mean square deviation between theoretical and experimental data. This novel approach not only enhances the quality of the final IR spectra but also captures relevant spectral features, highlighting its potential to decipher molecular interactions in such intricate mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) have generated volcanic ash forecasts for the aviation industry since the mid‐1990s. The excellent spatial and temporal coverage of satellite data makes them critical to the validation of ash dispersion model forecasts. This study investigates the limitations of satellite‐retrieved volcanic ash data through the production of simulated radiances for a range of ash cloud properties encompassing the satellite retrieval's sensitivity. We run a detection and retrieval algorithm (Francis et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016788) on these simulated ash clouds and assess the sensitivity and performance of the algorithms. Expected limitations are highlighted, including a lack of sensitivity to particles larger than ∼10 μm in radius and challenges in accurately retrieving heights in the stratosphere. However, other previously poorly defined limitations are also constrained, such as the reduction in sensitivity as ash column loading increases in optically thick ash clouds and increasingly underestimated column loading when column loadings are >∼7 g m−2. We consider the implications of the identified limitations when using satellite‐retrieved ash column loadings to verify dispersion model output. We show that, accounting for the limitations of the satellite retrieval, a significant proportion of mass in the model output can lie outside the sensitivity range of the satellite detection and retrieval. This demonstrates the importance of understanding observations' limitations when comparing to model output. This knowledge should be used when verifying operational volcanic ash cloud forecasts. Plain Language Summary: Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) were created to forecast the location of airborne volcanic ash as it is a hazard to aircraft. These forecasts are produced by dispersion models, which combine estimates of the ash ejected by the volcano with meteorological information to forecast the location and amount of ash in the atmosphere. Observations, particularly satellite data, are required to validate the forecasts. However, satellite data also has uncertainty and this can vary significantly for different ash clouds. This paper investigates the uncertainty in quantitative satellite data, constraining previously poorly defined biases, such as limitations for larger ash particles and regions where large amounts of ash are present. These limitations are then considered when comparing quantitative satellite data to quantitative dispersion model output. This showed that significant portions of ash mass present in dispersion model output may be outside the quantitative satellite data's sensitivity range. This has important implications for the use of quantitative satellite volcanic ash data to validate dispersion model output. Key Points: A volcanic ash retrieval was run on simulated radiances produced for a large range of ash cloud propertiesThis constrained limitations on the detection and retrieval's performance at different ash column loadings, heights, and particle sizesSignificant portions of ash mass present in dispersion model output were shown to be outside the satellite retrieval sensitivity range [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is a cornerstone technique for analyses of volatile and semivolatile compounds, constantly evolving to meet new challenges. The adoption of time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers (TOFMS) has enhanced GC–MS with faster spectral acquisition and broader mass coverage, enabling rapid GC separations. Multireflecting TOFMS (MRT) further improves resolution compared to traditional single‐reflecting TOFMS, facilitating the detection of minor analytes within complex matrices. This paper presents a significant improvement in MRT sensitivity and dynamic range achieved through an ion beam compression within the ion guide and the use of a conventionally oriented orthogonal accelerator. Sensitivity is improved to 100 000 ion/pg at a resolution of R = 25,000, enabling the detection of low fg analyte quantities within 3 μg of matrix material into MS. The demonstrated linear dynamic range exceeding 6 orders of magnitude potentially enables even deeper exploration of complex mixtures with a bench top instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this review, we give an overview of the applications of plasma activated water (PAW) and its chemistry in the field of agriculture. This article concentrates on the chemistry of long‐lived reactive species and their roles in plant cell mechanisms. The chemical reactions important for the creation of nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide inside water during the production of PAW and their chemical paths inside the plant cells are discussed. We describe the use of different types of discharges for PAW production and present the results of PAW application to seeds and plants. We address the decontamination of agricultural chemicals in water along with the scarcely explored topic of water remediation. The major challenges and future possibilities for PAW in agriculture are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, the interaction of perfluoro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with various 5‐aminopyrazoles was investigated. It was shown that three types of products can be obtained depending on the structure of starting aminopyrazole. For all examples, the substitution of one fluorine atom in quinone moiety was observed. Wherein, in most cases, the starting aminopyrazoles act as a C‐nucleophile leading to 2‐(5‐aminopyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3,5,6,7,8‐pentafluoronaphthalene‐1,4‐diones. At the same time substrates unsubstituted at ring nitrogen atom regiospecifically react at aminogroup resulting in the formation of 2,5,6,7,8‐pentafluoro‐3‐((pyrazol‐5‐yl)amino)naphthalene‐1,4‐diones. Besides that, the absence of steric hindrance in the pyrazole unit allowed us to direct the process at nitrogen atom in Position 2 and synthesize zwitter‐ionic 3‐(5‐aminopyrazol‐2‐ium‐2‐yl)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrafluoro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐olates. The structures of two types of obtained products were confirmed by x‐ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rowing is a sport that requires athletes to perform the action of pulling and rotating an oar by hand, applying forces of considerable magnitude. Herein, inspired by the notion that auxetic materials and metamaterials behave differently compared to their conventional counterparts, it is examined how a handle prototype, specifically designed to incorporate the classic re‐entrant motif, behaves and how end‐users perceive it. Physical experiments conducted on such prototype, which measured the contact pressures, suggest that on average, higher pressures are measured when pulling with this reentrant grip compared to its non reentrant counterpart, indicating that this re‐entrant prototype should feel firmer. More importantly, respondents of a survey are asked to give their feedback, and different views on which handle they would prefer to use are provided. The ones who preferred the prototype with the reentrant features report that they preferred it because it felt firmer and allowed for a better grip. This suggests that there is potential for further investigation into whether handles, oar handles in particular, made from auxetic components, re‐entrant cells, or other motifs which are well known for their negative Poisson's ratio characteristics, could provide a better and more secure grip and be used in sports applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On‐water rowing is a sport where participants make extensive, powerful, and complex repetitive movements with their wrists to pull and feather (twist) the oar. Herein, the aim is to assess the frequency and perceived causes of wrist and forearm pain in rowers and, in particular, assess whether there are any possible mechanical issues that could be addressed through the use of auxetic technology. Through an online survey of 145 on‐water rowers, it is found that 33.8% of the rowers reported wrist or forearm pain arising from rowing. The majority (67.3%) consider over‐gripping to be the cause while one out of five associated it with periods of tension and anxiety, which also led them to over‐grip. This indicates that rowing handles could benefit from the use of mechanical metamaterials, auxetics in particular, owing to their anomalous manner in how they deform when subjected to mechanical deformations. Moreover, given the rise in popularity of coastal rowing, which will become an Olympic discipline alongside classic rowing as from the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games, the potential use of auxetics in the manufacture of protective gear for use in coastal rowing is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of compounded formulations of chemotherapy in veterinary medicine is common. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drug amount of two compounded chemotherapeutics (chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide) from multiple veterinary compounding pharmacies, to determine if there was a difference in drug amounts between those that came from 503A versus 503B pharmacies, and finally to determine heterogeneity in drug amounts within each individual pharmacy. Nine veterinary compounding pharmacies (eight 503A, one 503B) were sampled in total, with two different batches sampled from each pharmacy. Each capsule's actual concentration was compared to the intended (prescribed) concentration. Of the 68 total samples obtained, 20 (29%) tested outside the FDA‐acceptable discrepancy of ±10%. Of these, 12 (60%) were chlorambucil and 8 (40%) were cyclophosphamide. 503A cyclophosphamide samples had an average discrepancy of 6.6% from the intended dose while samples from the 503B pharmacy had a discrepancy of 1.8%. 503A chlorambucil samples had an average discrepancy of 10.4% from the intended dose while samples from the 503B pharmacy had a discrepancy of 9.6%. Heterogeneity within the same pharmacy and batch ranged from 0.1% to 51% for the 503A pharmacies and 2.6% to 7.5% for the 503B pharmacy. Heterogeneity between different batches within the same pharmacy ranged from 0.4% to 58.3% for the 503A pharmacies and 5% to 14.8% for the 503B pharmacy. Although the drug amounts of compounded cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil manufactured by the 503B compounding pharmacy was more reliably maintained compared to that compounded by the 503A pharmacies, there was ultimately still potential for variability in drug amounts regardless of the pharmacy designation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Trauma exposure, particularly interpersonal trauma, is prevalent among individuals with eating disorders (EDs), and trauma exposure and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder have been associated with poorer outcomes for ED treatment. To our knowledge, there are no published investigations of trauma exposure among individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a new diagnosis introduced by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5. We investigated associations between trauma exposure and ARFID profiles in a sample of U.S. military veteran men and women. Method: Participants in this cross‐sectional study included 1494 veterans randomly selected from the population of post‐9/11 veterans who had separated from military service within the previous 18 months. They completed a survey assessing EDs, including the Nine Item ARFID Screen and trauma exposure. Results: Results revealed that 9.8% of the sample exceeded cutoffs for any ARFID profile, with the picky eating profile being the most common. Trauma exposure was prevalent among participants who exceeded cutoffs for ARFID, particularly the picky eating profile. Discussion: Findings highlight the importance of addressing EDs, including ARFID, in veterans. It will be important to examine the extent to which trauma and trauma‐related disorders impact treatment outcomes for individuals with ARFID. Public Significance Statement: Trauma exposure is common among individuals with eating disorders. However, the association between trauma and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has not been investigated. We found that many men and women in our sample of U.S. military veterans who exceeded cutoffs for ARFID profiles reported trauma exposure. Screening for trauma exposure among patients with ARFID is important so that treatment can be optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating fascination with Schiff bases stems from their versatile applications in medicine, pharmacology, biology, fine organic synthesis, and industrial processes. This minireview seeks to provide an in‐depth exploration of the synthesis of Schiff bases, specifically focusing on their derivation from 3‐aminopropylalkoxysilanes or 3‐aminopropylsilatranes. Additionally, the review delves into the utilization of Schiff bases in crafting metal complexes, unraveling their practical significance in various domains. Spanning from 1995 to 2024, this review is aimed at encapsulating the evolution of knowledge and advancements in the chemistry of Schiff bases during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the effect of glucose lowering medication associated with weight change on DPN. Methods: Participants with T2D were grouped based on whether their glucose lowering medications were associated with weight gain (WG) or weight loss (WL). They underwent clinical, metabolic testing and assessment of neuropathic symptoms, vibration perception threshold (VPT), sudomotor function and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) at baseline and follow‐up between 4 and 7 years. Results: Of 76 participants, 69.7% were on glucose lowering medication associated with WG, and 30.3% were on glucose lowering medication associated with WL. At baseline, participants in the WG group had a significantly longer duration of diabetes (p <.01), higher douleur neuropathique en 4 (DN4) score (p <.0001) and VPT (p =.01) compared with those in the WL group. Over a 56‐month period, participants in the WG group showed no significant change in body weight (p =.11), HbA1c (p =.18), triglycerides (p =.42), DN4 (p =.11), VPT (p =.15) or Sudoscan (p =.43), but showed a decline in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) (p <.0001). Participants in the WL group showed a reduction in weight (p =.01) and triglycerides (p <.05), no change in DN4 (p =.30), VPT (p =.31) or Sudoscan (p =.17) and a decline in the corneal nerve branch density (p <.01). Conclusions: Participants treated with glucose lowering medication associated with weight gain had worse neuropathy and greater loss of corneal nerves during follow‐up, compared to patients treated with medication associated with weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subgenus Stenocranius contains two cryptic species: Lasiopodomys gregalis (subdivided into three allopatrically distributed and genetically well‐isolated lineages A, B, and C) and Lasiopodomys raddei. To identify karyotype characteristics of this poorly studied cryptic species complex, we used comparative cytogenetic analysis of 138 individuals from 41 localities in South Siberia and Mongolia. A detailed description of the L. raddei karyotype and of the L. gregalis lineage С karyotype is presented for the first time. The A chromosome complement of all examined narrow‐headed voles consisted of 2n = 36 and a fundamental number of autosomal arms (FNa) of 50. Between species, patterns of differential staining were similar, though additional C‐heterochromatic blocks were found in L. gregalis lineages; Ag‐positive nucleolar organizers and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clusters are located on eight and nine acrocentric pairs, respectively. No B chromosomes (Bs) were found in the Early Pleistocene relic L. raddei, while one to five small heterochromatic acrocentric Bs were detected in all L. gregalis lineages; the number and frequency of Bs varied considerably within lineages, but no intraindividual variation was observed. In both species, telomeric repeats were visualized at termini of all chromosomes, including Bs. The number and localization of rDNA clusters on Bs varied among B‐carriers. Immunodetection of several meiotic proteins indicated that meio‐Bs are transcriptionally inactive and have a pattern of meiotic behavior similar to that of sex chromosomes (some homology of Bs to sex chromosomes is supposed). The nature, mechanisms of inheritance and stability of Bs in L. gregalis require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several clades of luminescent bacteria are known currently. They all contain similar lux operons, which include the genes luxA and luxB encoding a heterodimeric luciferase. The aldehyde oxygenation reaction is presumed to be catalyzed primarily by the subunit LuxA, whereas LuxB is required for efficiency and stability of the complex. Recently, genomic analysis identified a subset of bacterial species with rearranged lux operons lacking luxB. Here, we show that the product of the luxA gene from the reduced luxACDE operon of Enhygromyxa salina is luminescent upon addition of aldehydes both in vivo in Escherichia coli and in vitro. Overall, EsLuxA is much less bright compared with luciferases from Aliivibrio fischeri (AfLuxAB) and Photorhabdus luminescens (PlLuxAB), and most active with medium‐chain C4–C9 aldehydes. Crystal structure of EsLuxA determined at the resolution of 2.71 Å reveals a (β/α)8 TIM‐barrel fold, characteristic for other bacterial luciferases, and the protein preferentially forms a dimer in solution. The mobile loop residues 264–293, which form a β‐hairpin or a coil in Vibrio harveyi LuxA, form α‐helices in EsLuxA. Phylogenetic analysis shows EsLuxA and related proteins may be bacterial protoluciferases that arose prior to duplication of the luxA gene and its speciation to luxA and luxB in the previously described luminescent bacteria. Our work paves the way for the development of new bacterial luciferases that have an advantage of being encoded by a single gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian analysis has been applied to polarized neutron reflectivity data. Reflectivity data from a magnetic TbCo thin‐film structure were studied using a combination of a Monte Carlo Markov‐chain algorithm, likelihood estimation and error modeling. By utilizing Bayesian analysis, it was possible to investigate the uniqueness of the solution beyond reconstructing the magnetic and structure parameters. The expedience of this approach has been demonstrated, as several probable reconstructions were found (the multimodality case) concerning the isotopic composition of the surface cover layer. Such multimodal reconstruction emphasizes the importance of rigorous data analysis instead of the direct data fitting approach, especially in the case of poor statistically conditioned data typical for neutron reflectivity experiments. This article presents details of the analysis and a discussion of multimodality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using palladium hydrazone complex as a homogeneous catalyst for SMC, we synthesized a library of 15 variant 3‐arylcoumarins. In this context, we report a set of four coordinated palladium(II) hydrazone complexes 1 and 2 having the general formula [Pd(L)(Cl)(PPh3)] by reacting the precursor complex [PdCl2(PPh3)2] with the hydrazone ligands HL1 or HL2. Single crystal XRD and conventional spectroscopic techniques were employed to characterize both complexes. From the catalytic application point of view, the new complexes 1 and 2 were tested as homogeneous catalysts towards the conversion of 3‐chlorocoumarins into 3‐arylcoumarins by activating the challenging CCl functionality. A minimal catalyst loading of complex 2 (0.01 mol%), afforded a series of 3‐arylcoumarins with a maximum of 92% yield and reusability up to five cycles. The present methodology is simple and easy to carry out at room temperature utilizing a green solvent (ethanol) in an open flask with a spectrum of aryl boronic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the circadian pacemaker of the mammalian brain. Suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons display synchronization of their firing frequency on a circadian timescale, which is required for the pacemaker function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, the mechanisms by which suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons remain synchronized in vivo are poorly understood, although synaptic communication is considered indispensable. Suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons contain the neurotransmitter GABA and express GABA receptors. This has inspired the hypothesis that GABA signalling may play a central role in network synchronization, although this remains untested in vivo. Here, using local genetic deletion, we show that disruption of GABA synaptic transmission within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of adult mice results in the eventual deterioration of physiological and behavioural rhythmicity in vivo and concomitant cellular desynchrony in vitro. These findings suggest that intercellular GABA signalling is essential for behavioural rhythmicity and cellular synchrony of the suprachiasmatic nucleus neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare the incidence of early postoperative tracheotomy stoma wound complications in pediatric patients using a silver‐impregnated barrier dressing (Mepilex Ag) versus a standard absorbent foam dressing (standard Mepilex). Methods: This is a prospective, non‐blinded, randomized trial of pediatric patients undergoing tracheotomy at a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients were randomized to receive Mepilex Ag versus standard Mepilex tracheostoma dressings following tracheotomy. All patients received standard postoperative wound care and daily stomal examination. Wound related complications, breakdown, granulation, and infection were recorded for the first 7 days after surgery. A non‐inferiority study design was used to test the hypothesis that the Mepilex group had a non‐inferior wound complication rate (within 10% margin) compared to the Mepilex Ag group. Results: Eighty‐two patients were enrolled; 52 received Mepilex Ag, and 30 received standard Mepilex. There was no difference between the groups with respect to age, sex, race, surgical indication, or postoperative length of stay. Non‐inferiority testing demonstrated that the Mepilex standard cohort had no more than 10% greater stomal wound complication rate than that of Mepilex Ag dressing group (p = 0.0108). Conclusion: Standard Mepilex was found to be non‐inferior to Mepilex Ag in the prevention of tracheotomy stomal wound complications. Standard Mepilex may be used effectively in the postoperative period, potentially reducing costs to caregivers and the institution. Further work is needed to analyze additional factors that could contribute to poor postoperative stoma healing such as bacterial colonization. Level of Evidence: Randomized Controlled Trial, 2 Laryngoscope, 134:5160–5163, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus remains a global challenge to public health as it results in non‐healing chronic ulcers of the lower limb. These wounds are challenging to heal, and despite the different treatments available to improve healing, there is still a high rate of failure and relapse, often necessitating amputation. Chronic diabetic ulcers do not follow an orderly progression through the wound healing process and are associated with a persistent inflammatory state characterised by the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory macrophages, cytokines and proteases. Photobiomodulation has been successfully utilised in diabetic wound healing and involves illuminating wounds at specific wavelengths using predominantly light‐emitting diodes or lasers. Photobiomodulation induces wound healing through diminishing inflammation and oxidative stress, among others. Research into the application of photobiomodulation for wound healing is current and ongoing and has drawn the attention of many researchers in the healthcare sector. This review focuses on the inflammatory pathway in diabetic wound healing and the influence photobiomodulation has on this pathway using different wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) observations made by the Atmosphere‐Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM) have demonstrated that these TGFs are accompanied by a prominent optical pulse from a hot leader channel. It is hard to confidently resolve the true sequence of the events in the source region due to temporal proximity of the involved processes. Here we report a bright long duration TGF together with its associated optical recordings showing clear temporal separation between the TGF and the optical pulse. In this observation the optical pulse is clearly distinct and subsequent relative to the TGF. The corresponding lightning discharge occurred at the very end of the TGF. We conclude that the current surge inside the lightning leader channel cannot be responsible for generation of this TGF. The current surge that produced the associated optical pulse can itself be conditioned by the TGF and may be responsible for the TGF termination. Plain Language Summary: TGFs observed from space are found to be associated with current surges in lightning leader channels. These current surges emit radio waves and can be detected with lightning detection networks. They also produce optical pulses which can be observed by the optical sensors on board of the space satellites. The fact that TGFs have usually short duration does not allow to define the real sequence of events in the source region due to timing uncertainties. In this paper we report a unique observation of a rare coincidence of a long duration TGF accompanied by an optical pulse and a high peak current lightning detection. Duration of the TGF is one order of magnitude larger than the overall observational uncertainty, which allows us to reliably discern the TGF and the accompanying current pulse in the leader channel. We could confidently conclude that the TGF was generated first, in the very end of the TGF the current surge in the leader channel occurred, and the optical pulse was produced. The appearance of the current surge close to the end of the TGF can indicate that the current surge is conditioned by the TGF, and, reciprocally, it could condition the TGF termination. Key Points: Accompanying optical pulse is subsequent to TGFTGF precedes the current surge in the leader channel and cannot be generated by this current surgeTGF may be terminated by the current surge in the leader channel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Accurately estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is crucial for dosing medications in hospitalized patients. Due to limitations of serum creatinine for GFR estimation, serum cystatin C (CysC) has been explored as an alternative functional kidney biomarker. This study assessed discordance between eGFRCr and eGFRCysC in a large sample of hospitalized patients and examined the frequency of renally eliminated medications affected by eGFR discordance.This multisite historical study included adults hospitalized between 2011 and 2023 with CysC and serum creatinine reported within 24 h of each other. The first concurrent biomarker pair for each patient was analyzed. eGFR discordance and use of renally eliminated medications were described.17,718 hospitalized patients with concurrent creatinine and CysC assessments were included. The median eGFRCr was 65 mL/min, and the eGFRCysC was 46 mL/min. The median absolute difference of eGFRCr−eGFRCysC was 15 mL/min, and 7972 patients (45%) had a > 30% absolute difference. There was a significantly greater percentage of patients with an eGFR <30 mL/min based on eGFRCysC (26%) compared to eGFRCr (15%) (p < 0.001). Patients were prescribed an average of 20 medications in the 24 h surrounding the concurrent biomarker assessment. Renally eliminated medications accounted for 39% ± 13% of medication orders, and 80% of patients with eGFR discordance were prescribed five or more renally eliminated medications.Substantial eGFR discordance between eGFRCysC and eGFRCr was observed in hospitalized patients, which directly affects the dosing of renally eliminated medications. Further research is needed to optimize the pharmacotherapy of renally eliminated medications with discordant GFR assessments to improve medication safety and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Agricultural wastes and byproducts offer a vast avenue for replacing commonplace, but environmentally unfavorable, petroleum‐based plastics. Chicken feather fiber (CFF), soy protein isolate (SPI), and jute fabric (JF) are three agricultural materials that can be utilized for creating ‘green’, that is, from nature, resins and composites. This study details the preparation of CFF‐loaded SPI (CFF/SPI) resins and JF/(CFF/SPI) hybrid green composites, both with and without the frequently used toxic crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde (GA), and their respective mechanical properties. Results showed that as CFF loading increased from 0% to 30%, the tensile fracture stress and strain of CFF/SPI resins decreased from 25.2 to 14.3 MPa and from 4.0 to 1.4% respectively, suggesting that CFF acted mostly as filler. JF/(CFF/SPI) composites had higher tensile properties compared to CFF/SPI resins, with fracture stresses and strains ranging from 26.6 to 22.0 MPa and 4.3% to 5.8%, respectively, as CFF loading increased from 0% to 30%. Apart from increasing the flexural modulus, CFF loading did not significantly affect the flexural properties of JF/(CFF/SPI) composites. With any addition of CFF, CFF/SPI resins and JF/(CFF/SPI) composites showed higher mechanical properties than their GA‐crosslinked counterparts, demonstrating that the toxic crosslinker was unnecessary when using the procedure in this work. Fully green composites produced with viability for furniture applications. Mechanical performance of GA‐free SPI resin negated need of toxic crosslinker. CFF reduced warpage when incorporated into SPI resin, and JF/SPI composite. JF/(CFF/SPI) composites found to be superior mechanically to all CFF/SPI resins. JF/(CFF/SPI) composite mechanically optimized at 10/90 CFF/SPI resin ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phonon occupation is temperature (T) dependent; it may participate in scattering with electronic states of topological insulators (TIs). Longitudinal optical (LO) phonons A1g1$$ {\mathrm{A}}_{1g}^1 $$ and A1g2$$ {\mathrm{A}}_{1g}^2 $$ in Bi2 − xSbxTe3 − ySey (BSTS) was resonantly excited by a photon energy (Ep) 2.33 eV due to electronic transition of unoccupied conduction band. The intensity of these modes was enhanced in Bi2Te3 film at Ep 1.87 eV, which is close to the electronic transition of unoccupied Dirac states. Fröhlich coupling strength was the main mechanism for higher intensity of A1g1$$ {\mathrm{A}}_{1g}^1 $$ and A1g2$$ {\mathrm{A}}_{1g}^2 $$ modes. At 300 K, the intensity of the A1g2$$ {\mathrm{A}}_{1g}^2 $$ mode was significantly decayed in both the BSTS and Bi2Te3 at Ep 2.33 and 1.87 eV due to the anharmonic coupling. However, at similar value of T, spectral profile of A1g1$$ {\mathrm{A}}_{1g}^1 $$ and Eg2$$ {\mathrm{E}}_g^2 $$ modes was not affected because of the lower probability of decay rate of these phonons. In resonant condition, well‐resolved Raman forbidden surface modes were observed at T of 50 K. At 300 K, more asymmetric Fano profile of surface phonon was observed due to the anharmonic coupling. The study indicated that at high T, A1g1$$ {\mathrm{A}}_{1g}^1 $$ mode and anharmonic coupling may become primary cause for scattering with electronic states of the TIs. However, at low T, primarily, both the LO phonons participated in the scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusions Adhesions between the uterus, bladder and anterior abdominal wall are associated with clinical sequelae, including chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia, and can also yield complications during surgery. The transvaginal sonographic (TVS) sliding bladder sign is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool to evaluate the presence of vesicouterine adhesions. This study aimed to determine the predictive value and intra‐ and interobserver variation of the TVS sliding bladder sign in the assessment of vesicouterine adhesions.This was a prospective observational double‐blind diagnostic accuracy study conducted at the Amsterdam University Medical Center. Patients scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic surgery for a benign disorder between January 2020 and December 2022 were included consecutively. All patients underwent preoperative TVS, including a dynamic sliding bladder sign examination in our outpatient clinic. Videoclips of the TVS scans were stored for offline assessment and used as an index test. The recordings of both TVS and laparoscopy were evaluated for diagnostic characteristics of vesicouterine adhesions by independent assessors, who were blinded to the clinical situation in addition to the laparoscopic findings when assessing recordings of TVS and vice versa. The presence of adhesions on laparoscopy was used as the reference standard. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), specificity and sensitivity of the sliding bladder sign were calculated. In addition, inter‐ and intraobserver variability of the sliding bladder sign on TVS were assessed.Of 116 included women, 57 had a negative sliding bladder sign on TVS, while on laparoscopy, 51 women had mild and 28 had severe vesicouterine adhesions. A negative sliding bladder sign had a PPV of 94.7% (95% CI, 88.9–100%) for the presence of any vesicouterine adhesions, and a positive sliding bladder sign had a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI, 83.1–100%). For severe adhesions, the negative sliding bladder sign had a sensitivity of 89.3% (95% CI, 77.8–100%) and a positive sliding bladder sign had a NPV of 94.9% (95% CI, 89.3–100%). When using Cohen's kappa coefficient, inter‐ and intraobserver agreement between assessors was good.Sliding bladder sign evaluation using TVS is a reliable diagnostic tool for the prediction of vesicouterine adhesions on laparoscopy. A negative sliding bladder sign indicates the presence of vesicouterine adhesions, while a positive sliding bladder sign makes the presence of severe adhesions unlikely. Establishing vesicouterine adhesions by TVS may optimize preoperative planning, and can be used for future studies to evaluate the relationship between symptomatology and vesicouterine adhesions and, subsequently, the effect of adhesion‐prevention interventions. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the termination of Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plan "look-alikes" and the subsequent insurance enrollment of affected beneficiaries. The termination aimed to shift beneficiaries to more integrated care options, but many ended up in lower-quality plans. Hispanic and Asian beneficiaries were disproportionately impacted, with most beneficiaries not enrolling in plans that integrate Medicare and Medicaid benefits. The study highlights concerns about the quality of care and the need for monitoring the impact of terminations on dual-eligible beneficiaries. [Extracted from the article]

We described two patients diagnosed with rare bladder metastasis (BM) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a prevalent neoplastic disease primarily associated with ductal adenocarcinoma. The overall prognosis for those patients with metastasis is very poor, with a 5‐year survival rate of < 3%. The scarcity of cases in the literature makes this series a significant contribution as it presents the first documented instance of BM originating from pancreatobiliary ampullary cancer and a rare case associated with the Krukenberg tumor. Additionally, we extensively reviewed the literature on the infrequent metastasis of pancreatic cancer to the bladder and provided details of those nine previously reported cases. Given its unusual nature, this report highlights the importance of considering BM in patients with a history of pancreatic carcinoma who present with new‐onset hematuria or upper tract obstruction, stressing the need for comprehensive evaluation and timely management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meteoroids of sub‐milligram sizes burn up high in the Earth's atmosphere and cause streaks of plasma trails detectable by meteor radars. The altitude at which these trails, or meteors, form depends on a number of factors including atmospheric density and the astronomical source populations from which these meteoroids originate. A previous study has shown that the altitude of these meteors is affected by long‐term linear trends and the 11‐year solar cycle related to changes in our atmosphere. In this work, we examine how shorter diurnal and seasonal variations in the altitude distribution of meteors are dependent on the geographical location at which the measurements are performed. We use meteoroid altitude data from 18 independent meteor radar stations at a broad range of latitudes and investigate whether there are local time (LT) and seasonal variations in the altitude of the peak meteor height, defined as the majority detection altitude of all meteors within a certain period, which differ from those expected purely from the variation in the visibility of their astronomical source. We find a consistent LT and seasonal response for the Northern Hemisphere locations regardless of latitude. However, the Southern Hemisphere locations exhibit much greater LT and seasonal variation. In particular, we find a complex response in the four stations located within the Southern Andes region, which indicates that the strong dynamical atmospheric activity, such as the gravity waves prevalent here, disrupts, and masks the seasonality and dependence on the astronomical sources. Plain Language Summary: Small meteoroids burn up high in the Earth's atmosphere producing trails of plasma detectable by ground‐based meteor radar instruments. The altitude at which these trails occur depends on a number of factors including atmospheric density and the astronomical source populations from which these meteoroids originate. Previous work demonstrated that the altitude at which the majority of these meteoroids burn up (termed "peak meteor altitude") is affected by long‐term atmospheric changes, such as those related to greenhouse gas emissions and the 11‐year solar cycle. Here, we focus on shorter timescales and analyze meteoroid altitude data from 18 geographically diverse meteor radars to examine the local time (LT) and seasonal variation in the peak meteor altitudes on a latitude basis. We find a consistent LT and seasonal response among the six Northern Hemisphere meteor radar station locations irrespective of latitude. However, we find a more complex response among the 12 Southern Hemisphere stations with much greater LT and seasonal variation. In particular, we found a complex response in the four stations located within the Southern Andes region, a geographic region known for intense atmospheric gravity wave activity, which acts to mask and disrupt the seasonality and dependence on the astronomical sources. Key Points: Local time (LT) and seasonal variations in the peak meteor height exist, which differ from those expected from astronomical variation aloneThere is a consistent LT and seasonal response in the Northern Hemisphere locations regardless of latitudeA complex response in the Andes region where a strong gravity wave component acts to mask seasonality and dependence on astronomical sources [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cachexia accounts for about 20% of all cancer‐related deaths and indicates poor prognosis. The impact of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a microbial risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), on the development of cachexia in CRC has not been established. Methods: We evaluated the association between Fn abundance in pre‐surgical stool samples and onset of cachexia at 6 months post‐surgery in n = 87 patients with stages I–III CRC in the ColoCare Study. Results: High fecal Fn abundance compared to negative/low fecal Fn abundance was associated with 4‐fold increased risk of cachexia onset at 6 months post‐surgery (OR = 4.82, 95% CI = 1.15, 20.10, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high fecal Fn abundance was associated with an increased risk of cachexia at 6 months post‐surgery in CRC patients. This is the first study to link Fn abundance with cachexia in CRC patients, offering novel insights into biological mechanisms and potential management of cancer cachexia. Due to the small sample size, our results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxyapatites A10(GeO4)6O2 (A – alkaline, rare‐earth elements) are considered promising materials for applications in solid‐state lighting and non‐contact thermometry. The temperature dynamics of the oxygen sublattice have a crucial influence on the luminescent properties of these optical hosts. Here, the structural evolution with temperature of germanates with the general formula ALa9(GeO4)6O2 (A – Li, Na, K, Rb) is investigated, using X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction methods. These compounds crystallize in space‐group P63/m. NPD experiments helped to determine the oxygen and alkaline metal positions. Thermally‐induced reentrant structural transitions relating to the oxygen in the apatite channel are discovered for the first time. In the example of Eu‐doped RbLa9(GeO4)6O2 and KLa9(GeO4)6O2, it is demonstrated that the luminescence of the Eu3+ ion is influenced by small changes in the crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) excels in rapid and high‐sensitivity analysis, making it a cornerstone of analytical chemistry. But as sample complexity explodes in omics studies, so does the need for higher resolving power to ensure accurate results. Traditional TOF instruments face a challenge: achieving high resolution often requires a very large instrument. To overcome this limitation, scientists developed alternative designs for TOF analyzers called multi‐pass TOF analyzers (MPT). These MPT analyzers come in two main configurations: multi‐turn (MTT) and multi‐reflecting (MRT). Drawing on the authors’ extensive experience, this review describes two decades of MPT advancements. It highlights the critical development of optimized analyzer designs, tracing the evolution towards mirror‐based MRT instruments, generally providing superior resolution and spatial acceptance compared to MTT. While the manuscript attempts to overview MTT advances, it primarily focuses on MRT technology. Additionally, the review explores the role of orthogonal accelerators and trap pulse converters, comparing their efficiency and the dynamic range limits imposed by space charge effects. By comparing various MRT configurations and commercially available instruments, the review sets out to inform and empower researchers so they can make informed decisions about MRT mass spectrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emojis have become increasingly prevalent in today's digital world, allowing individuals to convey a wide range of emotions, from uncomplicated to intricate, to a greater extent than previously. Consequently, emojis are being utilized in sentiment analysis and tailored marketing strategies. The ongoing research on conducting emotion detection on both tweets and a symbolic expression dataset sourced from Kaggle. Given that tweets are largely commentaries, we utilized two end‐to‐end sentence embedding models, the DistilBERT, USE‐Large3, and RoBERTa, which generate embeddings. These embeddings are further utilized for training with dense neural networks (NNs) and LSTM techniques. Remarkably, it was perceived that the text classification accuracy for both models was consistently high, hovering around 98%. However, when the validation set is constructed with that of symbolic expression or emojis not included in the training dataset, a significant drop in accuracy for both models, plummeting to 75%, had been observed. Additionally, a distributed training methodology is utilized as a substitute for the conventional single‐threaded model to enhance scalability. This approach resulted in a roughly 17% reduction in the runtime while maintaining accuracy. Lastly, in pursuit of explainable AI, the SHAP and LIME algorithms are employed to elucidate the model's behavior and assess any potential biases in the dataset. The creative use of advanced deep NN techniques customized for the delicate complexities of hybrid‐data sentiment analysis indicates a significant leap forward. Our proposed work provides the critical gap in existing sentiment analysis methods, which primarily aimed at either text or emojis in isolation, thereby exploring more holistic understanding of sentiment in digital communications. Moreover, the application of explainable AI techniques, SHAP and LIME, to demystify model decisions emphasizes commitment to advancing transparent and trustworthy deep learning technologies in sentiment analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites have emerged as promising structural materials, garnering significant attention due to their unique blend of natural kenaf fibers and synthetic glass fibers. However, despite their potential, there remains a gap in the comprehensive understanding of their quasi‐static mechanical behavior, creep resistance, and fatigue performance. This paper addresses this gap by presenting recent advancements in studying these key properties of hybrid composites. Studies reveal that the combination of kenaf and glass fibers results in enhanced tensile, flexural, and impact strengths compared to individual fiber composites. Additionally, the hybridization offers improved creep resistance, with the glass fibers reinforcing the polymer matrix against deformation under sustained loads. Furthermore, investigations into fatigue properties demonstrate the resilience of hybrid composites to cyclic loading, contributing to prolonged service life in high‐stress environments. By elucidating the interplay between kenaf and glass fibers, this review underscores the potential of hybrid composites in various structural applications. The synergistic effects between natural and synthetic fibers offer a balance between sustainability, performance, and durability, making hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites a compelling choice for industries seeking lightweight, high‐performance materials in which aligns with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) especially on Goal 12. Highlights: In composite engineering, combining glass and kenaf fibers could cut production costs, yield high‐performance materials, and promote green technology.Substituting part of the glass fiber with kenaf can enhance the strength‐to‐weight ratio and promote greater biodegradability in current synthetic composites.Quasi‐mechanical properties of hybrid kenaf/glass‐based composites was enhanced by optimal stacking sequences, filler addition, and fiber treatment.Failures due to fatigue and creep can be reduced by hybridizing kenaf/glass fiber composites can prevent in polymer composite due to enhance elastic modulus.Enhanced tribological performance of hybrid kenaf/glass‐based composites due to less damage in microstructure via good interlocking of kenaf and glass in matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is growing interest in new compositions and drugs that can preserve and maintain human health. There are many studies on both known probiotics and new sources of biologically active substances which may potentially be new avenues for human longevity. Here, we describe the protective effect of cell lysates of the relict bacteria Bacillus sp. F (Bacilus Lyuba), isolated from the ancient permafrost of Central Yakutia, upon DNA damage, induced by hydrogen peroxide. The DNA damage was monitored by a comet assay in leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of experimental animals (BALB/c mice). Cell lysates were prepared using the French Press and ultrasonic treatment. The levels of DNA damage in the presence of bacterial lysates upon the stress test (20 μM hydrogen peroxide for 10 min at 37°C) were almost twice lower, compared with the buffer control. Of note, the maximal protective effect was observed in the temperature range of 50°C–60°C; with the increase of the temperature, this effect vanished. The obtained results do not give a clear answer on the mechanism of the protective properties of Bacillus sp. F. (Bacilus Lyuba) lysates. To answer this question, a detailed analysis of the protein composition of bacterial lysate at different temperatures should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Methods Results Conclusions Periodontal disease (PD) screening models based on a self‐reported questionnaire were previously established and externally validated. The aim of the present study is to explore whether the screening models could be modified to improve prediction performance; this methodology is called ‘updating’.Updating the models for ‘total’ and ‘severe’ PD was performed using two datasets. One dataset from a previous study (n = 155) was used to explore the updating, and a second (n = 187, built for the current study) was used to validate whether updating improved performance. Updating was based on different statistical approaches, including model recalibration and revision. Discrimination and calibration were assessed after updating.For ‘total’ PD, the update based on model revision improved its performance. However, still low AUCs were found: 0.64 (0.56–0.73) and 0.61 (0.53–0.69) with corresponding O:E ratios 1.00 (0.80–1.23) and 0.92 (0.75–1.13) in the update and validation cohorts, respectively. For ‘severe’ PD, performance of the original model without update performed still the best; AUCs were 0.72 (0.61–0.83) and 0.75 (0.66–0.84) in the update and validation cohorts, respectively, with corresponding O:E ratios 0.60 (0.38–0.84) and 0.62 (0.42–0.87).The updating methodology did not further improve the performance of the original ‘severe’ PD screening model; it performed satisfactorily in the medical care setting. Despite updating attempts, the screening model for ‘total’ PD remained sub‐optimal. Screening for ‘severe’ PD can now be implemented in the medical care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides guidance for insurance companies and payors on evaluating claims submitted using Current Procedural Terminology codes 95165, 95115, and 95117. It was jointly developed by the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy, and the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The document outlines the services covered by these codes, the medical necessity of the procedures, and reasonable and unreasonable requests for documentation. The authors emphasize the importance of efficient, fair, and not unduly burdensome review processes for claims under these codes. [Extracted from the article]

The 2,2,5‐trimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylic acid (TDCA) using both theoretical and experimental methods have been studied. The sample has been subjected to XRD, FTIR, FT‐Raman, (C13 and H1) NMR, and UV–vis spectrum analysis. Then, theoretical calculations have been performed at the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) higher based scale. The theoretical and experimental geometrical parameters and frequencies have been compared well. Theoretical and experimental NMR chemical shifts have been determined. Absorption wavelengths of UV–Vis spectrum were experimentally measured and compared with TD‐DFT predictions. Detailed explanations have been given for frontier molecular orbitals, low density gradient, distribution of Mulliken charges, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), RDG, localized orbital location, and electron localized activities. Based on the studied 2D image of the Hirschfield surfaces, H···H (65.6%) and O···H/H···O (33.6%) are found as the controlling interactions. A high binding affinity of −6.5 Kcal/mol has been calculated against 4OAR protein. These theoretical findings of the molecule may be used as an anticancer drug candidate, which helps to explain the structural stability, reactivity and anticancer potential of TDCA. High drug affinity for the TDCA has been detected by in silico ADMET prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bispecific antibodies targeting CD47 and PD‐L1 (CD47 × PD‐L1 BisAb) demonstrate efficacy against a range of solid cancers. While dual blockade negates anti‐CD47‐mediated toxicity, the effect of combined innate and adaptive immune activation on protective tumor‐resident CD8+ T cells has yet to be fully elucidated. Methods: CD8+ T cell populations were tracked upon CD47 × PD‐L1 BisAb treatment in an orthotopic model of murine breast cancer where anti‐tumor immunity is mediated by CD8+ T cells. Immune responses were also compared with anti‐PD‐L1 monotherapy to assess the advantage of dual checkpoint targeting. Results: We found that CD47 × PD‐L1 BisAb treatment augmented CD8+ T cell responses in tumors, which resulted in enhanced tumor control. Compared with anti‐PD‐L1 treatment, dual CD47 and PD‐L1 blockade promoted greater numbers of antigen‐specific tumor‐resident CD8+ T cells that exhibited increased cytokine production. Conclusions: Engagement of innate and adaptive immune checkpoint molecules via CD47 × PD‐L1 BisAb treatment resulted in robust CD8+ T cell responses, including the induction of tumor‐resident CD8+ T cells that exhibited functionally superior anti‐tumor immunity. These results demonstrate that innate immune activation potentiates anti‐tumor adaptive responses, highlighting the use of dual checkpoint blockade as an optimal strategy for promoting CD8+ T cell‐mediated protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Dog Aging Project (DAP) is a longitudinal study examining aging in US companion dogs, where missing data pose a challenge to result validity and statistical power. Early recognition and procedural adjustments are vital to address missing samples. Objectives: This research assesses missing biospecimen samples within the PRECISION cohort of the DAP, aiming to identify contributing factors and propose mitigation strategies. Methods: Ninety sample kits collected between August 2021 and October 2021 were evaluated for the missingness of individual kit components. A primary assessment reviewed the missingness of each sample type with hypothesized associated factors. A secondary assessment addressed the missingness of plasma and serum aliquots made after check‐in. Results: EDTA samples for flow cytometry, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), DNA and biobanking were missing at rates of 18.9%, 13.3%, 6.7% and 5.6%, respectively. Faecal samples were missing at 5.6%. Urine and plasma were each missing at 2.2%. Serum, hair and dried blood spot cards were each missing at 1.1%. No statistically significant difference in missingness was seen across regions, ease of blood collection, or cooperativeness of dog during sample collection. Higher time‐to‐receipt was associated with a higher missingness proportion. Increasing missingness proportions were seen across plasma and serum aliquots that were created in sequential order. Conclusion: The study suggests reevaluating sample collection instructions to address frequently missing sample types and prevent further loss. Investigation into collection procedures for these types is recommended to identify potential causes of sample yield loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stinging nettle, Urtica dioica L., is a widely distributed subdioecious long‐rhizomatous plant. Within a single population growing in the territory of the Zvenigorod Biological Station of Lomonosov Moscow State University, eight plots were selected in stinging nettle thickets to study the variability of the sexual reproductive part in U. dioica depending on internal and external factors. As monoecious ramets are relatively common in the studied population, four gender forms were distinguished based on the ratio of male and female flowers. On 156 ramets of different gender forms and 36 genets, it was shown that predominantly male plants are shorter, while predominantly female plants have larger and more widely spread inflorescences compared to other gender forms. The pubescence type (spreading or appressed unicellular hairs) shows the greatest repeatability within the merigenet. True monoecy in stinging nettle is widespread: male and female flowers of different gender forms were found in 10 out of 36 genets. The most common inflorescence architecture types in the studied population were proxigynous and basigynous. Both normal pistillate and normal staminate flowers, as well as flowers with morphological abnormalities formed based on flowers of different sexes can be found on the same ramet, which suggests the presence of paradioecious lability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify prenatal predictors of poor perinatal outcome in fetuses with isolated sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). Methods: This was a retrospective study of fetuses with isolated (non‐syndromic) SCT managed at one of five pediatric surgery and/or fetal medicine centers between January 2007 and December 2017. The primary outcome was the occurrence of poor perinatal outcome, defined as prenatal death (including termination), or neonatal death or severe compromise (hemorrhagic shock). Data regarding prenatal diagnosis (sonographic features both at referral and at the last ultrasound examination before pregnancy outcome, assessment of SCT growth velocity), perinatal complications and outcome, and neonatal course were analyzed to determine prenatal SCT characteristics associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Results: Fifty‐five fetuses were included, diagnosed with isolated SCT at a median gestational age of 22 (interquartile range, 18–23) weeks. There was a poor perinatal outcome in 31% (n = 17) of these cases, including intrauterine fetal demise (4%, n = 2), pregnancy termination (13%, n = 7) and neonatal severe compromise (15%, n = 8), leading to neonatal death in five cases. The overall survival rate after prenatal diagnosis of isolated SCT was 75% (n = 41 of 55). Earlier gestational age at diagnosis (P = 0.02), large tumor volume at referral (P < 0.001), presence of one or more hemodynamic complications (P = 0.02), fast tumor growth velocity (P < 0.001) and high tumor grade (highest tumor grade ≥ 3) (P = 0.049) were associated with poor perinatal outcome on univariate analysis. On stepwise logistic regression analysis, tumor growth velocity was the only remaining independent factor associated with poor perinatal outcome (odds ratio (OR) (per 1‐mm/week increase), 1.48 (95% CI, 1.22–1.97), P = 0.001). The best predictive cut‐off of tumor growth velocity for poor perinatal outcome was 7 mm/week (OR, 25.7 (95% CI, 5.6–191.3), P < 0.001), yielding a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 77%. Conclusions: Approximately 30% of fetuses with a diagnosis of isolated SCT have poor perinatal outcome. Tumor growth velocity ≥ 7 mm/week appears to be an appropriate discriminative cut‐off for poor perinatal outcome. These results could help to inform prenatal management and counseling of parents with an affected pregnancy. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many people view people with intellectual disability primarily as needing help. That perspective limits relationships and can promote discrimination. We sought to better understand social relationships among young adults with intellectual disability. Method: Seven postsecondary students with intellectual disability participated in a photovoice study, sharing photos and stories about giving and receiving help. They participated in individual interviews, a group meeting, and a photo exhibition, and helped identify results and conclusions. Results: Participants viewed themselves as helpers and recipients of help. Themes were: foundational importance of families; openness to being helped; personal growth through challenging experiences; and tension between wanting to help and risks of helping others. Participants wanted to raise awareness that people with disabilities can help others, educate them about disability, and contribute to research. Conclusions: Many young adults with intellectual disability want to contribute to relationships, which are often limited by others' expectations about disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female hypogonadism (FH) is a relatively common endocrine disorder in women of premenopausal age, but there are significant uncertainties and wide variation in its management. Most current guidelines are monospecialty and only address premature ovarian insufficiency (POI); some allude to management in very brief and general terms, and most rely upon the extrapolation of evidence from the studies relating to physiological estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. The Society for Endocrinology commissioned new guidance to provide all care providers with a multidisciplinary perspective on managing patients with all forms of FH. It has been compiled using expertise from Endocrinology, Primary Care, Gynaecology and Reproductive Health practices, with contributions from expert patients and a patient support group, to help clinicians best manage FH resulting from both POI and hypothalamo‐pituitary disorders, whether organic or functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization transforms natural river channels, and surface water of some rivers disappeared over time. How and whether the subsurface domains of the original waterways and aquifers connecting them (a phantom of historical landscape) are functional is not known. This study examined the effects of tributary groundwater inflow on the response of river–riparian organisms in an alluvial mainstem river in northern Japan, where the tributary disappeared over the course of urban landscape transformation.A 2.8‐km lowland segment of the mainstem gravel‐bed river was examined for water properties and the river–riparian food web. In addition, watershed‐wide water sampling was conducted to isotopically distinguish several types of groundwater that contributed to the hyporheic water in the study segment. Altitude had a clear effect on the hydrogen/oxygen stable isotope ratios in the river water collected across the watershed.Groundwater unique both in chemical and isotopic signatures occurred in several spots within the study segment, and its properties resembled and its upwelling locations matched groundwater from a tributary river whose surface channel disappeared 60 years ago. Positive numerical increases in abundance and/or a sign of nitrogen transfer in river–riparian communities (algae, invertebrates and riparian trees) originating from groundwater high in nitrate with elevated nitrogen stable isotope ratios were found.We demonstrated that tributary groundwater with unique chemical properties manifested by an urban watershed river network continued to have trophic effects on biota across the river–riparian boundary in the mainstem river, even after urbanization transformed the tributary into a phantom river. We highlighted the legacy effects of landscape transformation in the subsurface domain and the significance of scrutinizing the past landscape and hydrological connectivity at the watershed scale in urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A faience head depicting a bearded male was unearthed in a ninth‐century BC context at Tel Abel Beth Maacah, located on the modern Israel‐Lebanese border. During the Iron Age, the site was at the interface between the kingdoms of Israel and Aram‐Damascus and the Phoenician city‐states of Tyre and Sidon. The article discusses the object's iconography, style, composition and manufacturing technology in comparison to other faience heads, as well as its regional and contextual significance. Despite its unique iconography and high quality, we demonstrate its similarity to at least one other head in manufacturing technology and style. It is suggested that it depicts an ideal elite persona, possibly serving as a votive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the synthesis of a new type of chiral crystalline organic porous salt CF2 derived from the ionic reaction between tetrakis(4‐sulfophenyl)methane (TSPM) and the tetra‐(S)‐prolylamide of tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)methane, (S)‐TPPM, and its ability to stabilize 2 nm palladium nanoparticles to give a novel, nonpyrophoric, chiral, catalytic material Pd@CF2. The preparation of the catalyst was very simple and conducted in water. The heterogeneous catalytic performance of Pd@CF2 was tested in hydrogen reductions of olefins and substituted nitroaromatic compounds using Pd/C as a comparison to determine the specific features of the novel catalyst. Although both types of catalysts exhibited similar catalytic activity in case of reductions of diphenylacetylene and nitrobenzene, Pd@CF2 predominantly promoted the reduction of p‐nitrobenzaldehyde to p‐aminobenzyl alcohol whereas Pd/C gave p‐toluidine. The reduction of p‐dinitrobenzene led to predominant formation of p‐nitrophenylhydroxylamine if promoted by the novel catalyst and to a mixture of products if promoted by Pd/C. In addition, the introduction of p‐alkoxy groups onto nitrobenzenes slowed down the reduction with Pd@CF2 but had no influence on Pd/C activity. A hypothesis ascribing these observations to dissimilar equilibrium distributions of nitro and polar groups within the organic framework and the palladium metal surface is proposed to rationalize the selectivity of the novel catalytic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP) has been widely researched in power cable insulation due to its excellent resistance against high temperatures and high voltages. Since PP is too stiff for power cable extrusion, elastomers have been blended with PP to improve its stiffness. Although effects of elastomers on electro‐mechanical properties of PP have been widely studied, fundamental issues governing changes in dielectric properties of PP/elastomer blends have yet to be fully understood. This paper therefore reports on the properties of PP blended with ethylene‐based elastomer (EBE) and propylene‐based elastomer (PBE) by correlating their structural, mechanical, and dielectric investigations with respect to elastomer types and contents. The results show that blending increasing amounts of EBE and PBE improves mechanical flexibility of PP, with Young's modulus reduces by 53% at 40 wt% of elastomer content. Morphology‐wise, PBE demonstrates better compatibility with PP and less disrupted crystallinity compared to EBE. Furthermore, PP/PBE has better breakdown performance over PP/EBE, albeit that their breakdown strengths reduce with increasing elastomer contents. Specifically, direct current breakdown strength of PP/PBE reduces by only 21% at 40 wt% of PBE loading compared to 31% at equivalent EBE loading. Potential mechanisms governing breakdown changes are discussed with structural, mechanical, and dielectric interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gellan gum (GG) emerges as a promising candidate for developing polymeric carriers with extended retention on the ocular surface, aiming to enhance the efficacy of topical ocular drug delivery systems. This study undertakes the purification of commercial GG through fractional dissolution and ultrasonic treatment, producing fractions characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The intrinsic viscosity of GG samples was measured in a 0.025 M tetramethylammonium chloride solution and their molecular weights were calculated via the Mark‐Kuhn‐Houwink equation. Methodological choices regarding synthetic procedures, solvents and reagents were guided by considerations of biocompatibility, aligning with the end goal of drug delivery applications. The study further explores the mucoadhesive potential of GG fractions with varying molecular weights for ocular drug delivery, utilizing an in vitro flow‐through technique with fluorescent detection on freshly excised bovine corneal mucosa surfaces. The findings under‐score the viability of GG formulations in enhancing ocular drug retention and pave the way for future applications in topical ocular therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]