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Targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) are an emerging class of anticancer therapeutics. TCIs are designed to selectively engage their targeted proteins via covalent warheads. From the drug development standpoint, the covalent inhibition mechanism is anticipated to elicit the following theoretical benefits: (i) an extended duration of therapeutic action that is determined by the target protein turnover rate and not necessarily by drug half‐life, (ii) a lower therapeutic dose owing to greater pharmacological potency, (iii) lower risk of off‐target binding and associated adverse events, and (iv) reduced drug–drug interaction (DDI) liability due to high selectivity and low dose. Elucidating the clinical relevance of these expected benefits requires an integrated assessment of pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, safety, and DDI data. In this review, we compared the clinical pharmacology attributes of FDA‐approved oncology TCIs within the last 10 years against their reversible inhibitor (RI) counterparts. Our findings indicated that (i) PK half‐lives of TCIs were typically shorter and (ii) at their respective recommended clinical doses per drug label, the molar unbound steady state areas under the concentration‐time curve (AUCss) of TCIs were lower than those of RIs, but with longer clinically observed durations of response. However, (iii) there was no conclusive evidence supporting improved clinical safety profiles for TCIs, and (iv) DDI perpetrator profiles appeared to be similar between TCIs and RIs. The overall clinical pharmacology comparison of TCI vs. RI surveyed in this paper suggested that at least two of the four forecasted clinical benefits were achieved by TCIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we developed a hydrothermal method for synthesizing amorphous Ni−Co hydroxide (NC(OH)) and in the subsequent step crystalline NiCo2O4 (NCO) has been produced using water as the solvent. For nickel‐zinc batteries, NC(OH) was found to have superior performance to its NCO prepared by two‐step process. The thermal stability analysis exhibited the optimum temperature to obtain the NC(OH), and NCO electrode materials. The XRD pattern showed mixed phases containing both Ni and Co hydroxides (during the initial step) and in the subsequent step (calcined) the formation of cubic spinel structure was noticed. For NC(OH), aggregated particles with irregular morphology were observed while clustered nanorod‐like shapes were noticed for NCO samples. To be noted, that the nanorod morphology was obtained through a facile approach without employing any structure‐directing agent. Both NC(OH) and NCO were employed as cathodes for Ni−Zn battery studies against Zn foil anode with a polyamide‐based separator soaked in 6 M KOH saturated with ZnO additive was used as electrolyte. The Ni−Zn cell was fabricated in CR2032 coin cell configuration. The electrochemical studies such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed the characteristic redox peaks for NC(OH) sample exhibiting high peak current compared to its NCO counterpart. The NC(OH) had a capacity of 268 mAh g−1 against 120 mAh g−1 for NCO at a current density of 1 Ag−1. The cell was able to retain 85 % of the capacity at the end of 500 cycles and showed remarkable rate capability. The Ni−Zn battery presents energy and power densities of 428.8 Wh Kg−1 and 2.68 kW Kg−1, respectively surpassing the normal values reported for aqueous rechargeable batteries. Owing to the presence of Ni and Co in hydroxide form (reduced crystallinity) the NC(OH) sample showed improved electrochemical activity. This work provides a facile approach and effective strategy for developing bimetallic hydroxides for optimal energy storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a mechanically flexible structure, a cuboctahedral metal‐organic polyhedra (MOP) Cu24[5‐(octyloxy) isophthalic acid]24 Cu (II) paddlewheel clusters coordinated with (5‐(octyloxy) isophthalate), resulting in significantly enhanced hydrolytic stability are prepared. It should be noted that CuMOP‐1 exhibits evenly and symmetrically distributed non‐polar long alkyl chains and polar hydroxy groups, facilitating self‐assembly into higher‐order structures reminiscent of amphiphiles. Furthermore, the resultant CuMOP‐1 undergoes a phase change at 150–160 °C as confirmed temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy (RS), thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA‐DSC). The possible use of Cu‐MOP‐1 for capturing mechanical energy is demonstrated by creating a flexible hybrid piezoelectric‐triboelectric nanogenerator (HP‐TENG). The resultant CuMOP‐1@ Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) membrane‐based HP‐TENG demonstrates enhanced triboelectric output voltage of 547.5 V, current density of 15.16 µAcm−2, and power density of 2.8 mWcm−2 due to its increased surface charge density and a substantial rise in the dielectric constant. Furthermore, the amphiphiles and phase change in CuMOP‐1 lead to ∽73% increase in voltage and 60% in current density of HP‐TENG in high‐temperature (140 °C) environments. HP‐TENG also exhibits exceptional temperature‐ and pressure‐sensing abilities, with sensitivities of 1.81 V°C−1 and 7.12 V°kPa−1, respectively, showcasing its feasibility over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐based halide perovskites have gained significant prominence in recent years in optoelectronics and photovoltaics, owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Nonetheless, the toxicity of lead (Pb) and the stability concern pose obstacles to their potential for future large‐scale market development. Herein, stable lead‐free Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI) films are presented with smooth and compact morphologies synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), demonstrating their application as an UV photodetector in a self‐powered way. The self‐powered photodetectors (SPDs) exhibit remarkable characteristics, including a responsivity of 1.57 A W−1 and an impressive specific detectivity of 3.38 × 1013 Jones under the illumination of 365 nm at zero bias. Furthermore, the SPDs exhibit a nominal decline (≈2.2%) in the photocurrent under constant illumination over 500 h, highlighting its impressive long‐term operational stability. Finally, the real‐time UV‐detection capability of the device is demonstrated by measuring the photocurrent under various conditions, including room light and sunlight at different times. These findings offer a new platform for synthesizing stable and high‐quality perovskite films, and SPDs for advancing the development of wearable and portable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing anode materials with high specific capacity and cycling stability is vital for improving thin‐film lithium‐ion batteries. Thin‐film zinc oxide (ZnO) holds promise due to its high specific capacity, but it suffers from volume changes and structural stress during cycling, leading to poor battery performance. In this research, we ingeniously combined polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with ZnO using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron co‐sputtering method, ensuring a strong bond in the thin‐film composite electrode. PTFE effectively reduced stress on the active material and mitigated volume change effects during Li+ ion intercalation and deintercalation. The composite thin films are thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy for investigating correlations between material properties and electrochemical behaviors. Notably, the ZnO/PTFE thin‐film electrode demonstrated an impressive specific capacity of 1305 mAh g−1 (=7116 mAh cm−3) at a 0.5C rate and a remarkable capacity retention of 82% from the 1st to the 100th cycle, surpassing the bare ZnO thin film (50%). This study provides valuable insights into using binders to stabilize active materials in thin‐film batteries, enhancing battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti‐reflection coatings have potential usage in photovoltaic solar cells, sensors, and display devices to reduce reflectance, glare and enhance light transmission. ARC was developed to increase more efficiency of solar cell cover glasses, by depositing SnO2/TEOS/MTMS coating using the sol–gel spin coating technique. The coating showed a maximum transmittance of 92.70% at 399 nm wavelength with an average refractive index of 1.42. The transmittance of the antireflective film was increased by 2.29% than the bare glass substrate. The surface morphology of the coatings was investigated using FESEM analysis. The mechanical stability of the coating was evaluated using ASTM standard D 3363–05 pencil scratch test, and it demonstrated good performance against 3H hardness pencil. The efficiency of solar cells has been increased by 1.56% after depositing with single layer SnO2/TEOS/MTMS film. Moreover, the coating maintains the solar cell's performance even during dust exposure, because of its self‐cleaning ability with water contact angle of 94°. Thus, the Anti‐reflection coating can be applied to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningioma is the most common benign primary brain tumour and does not usually metastasise. We report the case of a 69‐year‐old male patient with a history of meningioma who presented respiratory symptoms. He was found to have diffuse pleural metastasis from meningioma, which occurred 10 years after surgical management of recurrent meningioma. This case study provides insights into the clinical profile, workup and management of metastatic meningioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Postoperative Ileus (POI) negatively impacts patient outcomes and increases healthcare costs. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been found to improve gastrointestinal (GI) motility following abdominal surgery. However, its effectiveness in this context is not well‐established. This study was designed to evaluate the role of TENS on the recovery of GI motility after exploratory laparotomy. Methods: Patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into control (standard treatment alone) and experimental (standard treatment + TENS) arms. TENS was terminated after 6 days or after the passage of stool or stoma movement. The primary outcome was time for the first passage of stool/functioning stoma. Non‐passage of stool or nonfunctioning stoma beyond 6 days was labeled as prolonged POI. Patients were monitored until discharge. Results: Median (interquartile range) time to first passage of stool/functioning stoma was 82.6 (49–115) hours in the standard treatment group and 50 (22–70.6) hours in the TENS group [p < 0.001]. Prolonged POI was noted in 11 patients in the standard treatment group (35.5%) and one in the TENS group (3.2%) [p = 0.003]. Postoperative hospital stay was similar in the two groups. Conclusion: TENS resulted in early recovery of GI motility by shortening the duration of POI without any improvement in postoperative hospital stay. Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2021/10/037054. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with high aspect ratios enhance the alignment of polymer chains and induce a preferred orientation of the polymeric crystallites when incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In addition to offering an effective charge‐transfer mechanism, TMDs give PVDF more rigidity and piezoelectric qualities. This work reports the non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) introduced while developing the PVDF/MoS2 composites. During the NIPS, the PVDF chains become phase‐separated, which induces high polarization in the PVDF matrix. Phase‐separated PVDF/MoS2 composites show high porosity and charge distribution attributed to the enhanced piezoelectric output voltage. While the neat PVDF demonstrated very feeble output voltage generation, the hybrid composite containing 2 wt.% of MoS2/ZnO facilitated almost 20 times higher performance (peak‐to‐peak voltage of 2.4 V). This work yielded a phase‐separated composite that finds uses in energy harvesting, sensors, and actuators, among other fields. Highlights: NIPS creates high‐porosity composites with improved charge distribution.Layered TMDs improve charge‐transfer mechanism and PVDF's electrical properties.2 wt.% MoS2/ZnO exhibits nearly 20 times higher voltage generation than neat PVDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent need to address the global energy and environmental crisis necessitates the development of efficient solar‐power harvesting systems. Among the promising candidates, hierarchical inorganic nanostructures stand out due to their exceptional attributes, including a high specific surface area, abundant active sites, and tunable optoelectronic properties. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the fundamental principles underlying various solar energy harvesting technologies, including dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic (water splitting), and photothermal (water purification) systems, providing a foundational understanding of their operation. Thereafter, the discussion is focused on recent advancements in the synthesis, design, and development of hierarchical nanostructures composed of diverse inorganic material combinations, tailored for each of these solar energy harvesting systems. We meticulously elaborate on the distinct synthesis methods and conditions employed to fine‐tune the morphological features of these hierarchical nanostructures. Furthermore, this review offers profound insights into critical aspects such as electron transfer mechanisms, band gap engineering, the creation of hetero‐hybrid structures to optimize interface chemistry through diverse synthesis approaches, and precise adjustments of structural features. Beyond elucidating the scientific fundamentals, this review explores the large‐scale applications of the aforementioned solar harvesting systems. Additionally, it addresses the existing challenges and outlines the prospects for achieving heightened solar‐energy conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary liquid systems serve as valuable prototypes for comprehending biologically and chemically relevant properties of hydrogen bonds, revealing both noteworthy patterns and anomalies in their behaviour. Aniline, acetone and their binary mixtures with other liquids are used in various industrial processes, drug design, and as cleaning agents. This study is a molecular dynamics exploration of aniline and acetone binary mixture, over a concentration range of 9 : 1–1 : 9 for each component. The investigation includes employing techniques such as radial distribution function (RDF), coordination number calculation, hydrogen bond statistics, and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) through the NetworkX module in python, cluster analysis, Voronoi entropy calculation, interaction energy calculation and FTIR spectroscopy for all concentrations studied. The results uncover a compelling trend: a decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds as the concentration of acetone increases. Additionally, increased acetone concentration correlates positively with the breakdown of larger and more complex hydrogen‐bonded structures, indicating the formation of small hydrogen‐bond structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional antireflective coatings (ARC) have great importance in various applications such as optical devices, flat panel displays, solar cell devices, and so on. Here in this work, highly transparent superhydrophilic film was developed on a cleaned glass substrate by depositing porous TEOS/PF‐127 using the spin coating technique. The coating shows a maximum transparency of 95% in the visible region (400–800 nm). The morphology and porous nature of the prepared sample was analyzed using FESEM and BET analysis respectively. The prepared film exhibited a water contact angle of 9° ensures its superhydrophilic nature. It is also noteworthy that TEOS/PF‐127 coating possesses photocatalytic activity by showing good photo degradation against MB (Methylene Blue) dye under UV‐B (280–315 nm, 50 W) and halogen (340–850 nm, 50 W) light irradiation. The present work provides a simple cost‐effective method to enhance the optical transparency of the glass substrate along with good self‐cleaning properties via photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite teledentistry (TD) ubiquitous utilization, it has yet to be fully adopted by oral health care providers' educational training. This study aimed to explore TD incorporation in the training of oral health care providers. Methods: This review included studies on the TD content offered to oral health care providers. The JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology was used, and two reviewers screened the literature. Studies published between 1989 and 4 June 2022 were searched using "Teledentistry" and "Education" as initial keywords. The searched databases included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EPPI, Scopus, Epistemonikos, ERIC, MedEdPORTAL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar. All of the relevant literature, regardless of their language, were added. The data were extracted using an extraction table and are presented in tabular and narrative summary formats. Results: A total of 2180 documents were found, and 1804 documents were screened by the title and abstract after deduplication; 59 were selected for full‐text review; and 19 were eligible for data extraction. Of all studies, 63.15% were published after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Practicing TD and TD reimbursement were some of the addressed topics. Didactic education and hands‐on practice were the most employed training methods. Self/peer evaluations and surveys were among the employed assessment techniques. Conclusion: TD education has been emphasized during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is a variation in the existing TD educational programmes, from addressing topics to assessment techniques. However, the number of educational programmes on this topic is sparse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiphase reactors' performance depends on the mesoscale structures formed due to multiphase hydrodynamics. Examples of mesoscale structures include gas bubbles in a fluidized bed and particle clusters in a riser. Experimental investigation of these mesoscale structures is challenging and expensive. To this end, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are extensively employed; however, post‐processing CFD data to capture mesoscale structures is challenging. This article develops a density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)‐based methodology to capture and characterize mesoscale structures from multiphase CFD simulation data. DBSCAN is an unsupervised machine‐learning algorithm, which requires the value of two hyperparameters. A simple technique to calculate these hyperparameters is provided and the performance of DBSCAN is assessed on CFD‐DEM simulations of bubbling fluidized beds and particle clustering. We demonstrate the computational complexity of DBSCAN to be 풪(nlogn), lower than the existing techniques, by testing its scalability on highly resolved grids (up to 100 million grid points). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

π–π interactions are among the most important intermolecular interactions in supramolecular systems. Here we determine experimentally a universal parameter for their strength that is simply based on the size of the interacting contact surfaces. Toward this goal we designed a new cyclophane based on terrylene bisimide (TBI) π‐walls connected by para‐xylylene spacer units. With its extended π‐surface this cyclophane proved to be an excellent and universal host for the complexation of π‐conjugated guests, including small and large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as dye molecules. The observed binding constants range up to 108 M−1 and show a linear dependence on the 2D area size of the guest molecules. This correlation can be used for the prediction of binding constants and for the design of new host–guest systems based on the herewith derived universal Gibbs interaction energy parameter of 0.31 kJ/molÅ2 in chloroform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current era of global health awareness for retinoblastoma (RB), the challenge that lies ahead of us is providing optimal care for children affected with RB in underdeveloped nations. The understanding of similarities and disparities between various nations across the world aids in achieving comparable outcomes. With dissolving geographic barriers and evolving collaboration, global collaborative studies on RB are becoming increasingly common. They provide real‐world, robust evidence on several aspects of RB. This review discusses insights gained from global RB studies regarding the demographics, certain aspects of etiopathogenesis and epidemiology, international travel burden, disparities in clinical presentations based on national income levels, management protocols, pathology, treatment outcomes, and the effect of COVID‐19 on RB care across the world. These insights are likely to impact individual practice as well as inform policy reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and endocytoscopy (EC) are ultra‐high definition (HD) imaging modalities that enable real‐time histological assessment. Although existent for nearly two decades, their role in current clinical decision making in inflammatory bowel disease management is not well defined. Methods: We searched PubMed using keywords ("confocal" OR "CLE" OR "endocytoscopy") AND ("IBD" OR "inflammatory bowel" OR "Crohn*" OR "Crohn's" OR "colitis ulcerosa" OR "ulcerative colitis") between 2005 and March 2023. We identified 52 studies for detailed review. Results: Confocal laser endomicroscopy was useful in real‐time assessment of histologic inflammation and dysplasia characterization in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Although CLE was associated with higher per‐biopsy yield for UC‐associated neoplasia (UCAN), the benefit was offset by higher procedure time, frequent equipment failure, and conflicting results on incremental yield over chromoendoscopy. Assessment of barrier dysfunction by CLE did not correlate with disease/endoscopic activity but could predict major adverse outcomes. The implications of residual CLE abnormalities in endoscopic remission remain uncertain. Ex vivo binding of labeled biologics can help in predicting biologic response in UC. EC can discriminate mucosal inflammatory cells by morphology and allows assessment of histologic activity. EC combined with pit pattern was better than pit pattern alone for UCAN. Artificial intelligence‐assisted EC in UCAN needs further study. Conclusion: Ultra‐HD imaging in inflammatory bowel disease can be useful in assessment of UCAN, barrier dysfunction, predicting histologic remission, and biologic response. Future controlled studies are warranted to define the role of these novel technologies in clinical decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an environmentally friendly, low‐cost polymer nanocomposite, polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate‐graphene‐zinc oxide (PVA‐SA/G‐ZnO) based triboelectric nanogenerator by spin coating. ZnO quantum dots of average particle size <10 nm and the graphene oxide (GO)‐doped ZnO are synthesized by co‐precipitation following ageing. ZnO and G‐ZnO particles are filled into the PVA/SA blend system using the solution mixing method. Spin‐coated films of ≈1.2 μm and casted films of 120 μm thicknesses were used to prepare triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to test the output voltage performances. Irrespective of the thickness values, the films gave similar voltage responses with contact electrification. This illustrates triboelectric power generation as a surface charge carrier phenomenon based on morphological analyses by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The maximum output voltage of 0.24 V was approximately 5 times higher for the PVA/SA composite containing 2 wt% G‐ZnO nanomaterials compared to the neat polymer are obtained. The nanocomposites also demonstrate excellent dielectric constant (22 times higher) values, suggesting the role of the biodegradable thin‐film TENGs in various self‐powering devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Lewis base adducts (LBAs) of DBU were prepared, isolated in grams scale and are employed as Green reagents for base free benzoylation and pivaloylation in water. The structures of these reagents are unambiguously confirmed and the practicality of these LBAs (transient species) in organic synthesis as operationally simple protecting reagents of various phenols, amines, and alcohols in water at ambient temperature is explored. The products are furnished in very good yields (up to 95 %) and are purified just by filtration followed by recrystallization thus avoiding column chromatography. The Lewis base, DBU is recycled and reused for the preparation of LBAs. The methodology is an environmentally benign due to aqueous phase, base free reaction, chromatography free purificatios, ambient temperature reactions and recycling DBU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (MUASB) reactor–static granular bed reactor (SGBR) series was evaluated during the restart after a starvation period of 6 months. The steady‐state chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of the reactor series obtained during the restart with copper was 98 ± 1.96% with the corresponding biogas production and copper removal of 0.218‐m3/kg CODdigested and 81.5%, respectively. Even though the biogas production of the reactor series with copper decreased because of the inhibitory effect of the accumulated copper on the methanogens, the reactor series was maintained stable throughout the operation with the effluent characteristics well within the discharge standards. The resumption of feed after starvation was sufficient for the recovery of the biomass from a dormant to an active state when operated with and without copper. The restart of the reactor series with copper was achieved in 35 days, indicating robustness and sustainability even after starvation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the breakdown of discharge locations among pediatric tracheostomy patients and determine the impact of demographic variables and social determinants of health. Study Design: Retrospective review of the 2016 and 2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (HCUP KID). Setting: A total of 4000 United States community hospitals, defined as short‐term, non‐Federal, general, and specialty hospitals. Methods: ICD‐10‐PCS, ICD‐10 CM codes, and HCUP data elements were selected for patients and variables of interest. Bivariate comparisons were performed using Rao‐Scott Chi‐square tests; significance levels in post hoc pairwise testing were adjusted using Bonferroni adjustment. Multinomial generalized logistic regression models were used to determine the average annual odds ratio (OR) of 3 dispositions at discharge relative to discharge home for self‐care. Results: Patients aged 11‐17, patients from large metropolitan areas, and patients of "Other" race have an increased odds of discharge to a short‐ or long‐term care facility (all P <.001). Weekend admissions, nonelective admissions, patients in Northeast hospitals, and patients at urban nonteaching hospitals are also more likely to be discharged to a short‐ or long‐term care facility (all P <.001). Mean and median total costs of admission were $424,387 and $243,479, respectively, with a median total charge of $854,499. Conclusion: Among pediatric tracheostomy patients, demographic factors that affect discharge disposition include age, community type, and race, and significant hospital factors include day and type of admission, geographic region, and hospital type. Hospitalizations are associated with high overall costs and charges to the patient, which are increasing over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the United States, clinical guidelines recommend daily use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) amongst individuals diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus to decrease the risk of progression to dysplasia and neoplasia. Prior studies documenting adherence to PPIs in this population have not characterized heterogeneity in adherence patterns. Factors that may relate to adherence are incompletely described. Methods: We used administrative claims data from the Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database to conduct a retrospective study of adherence to prescription PPIs. A cohort of individuals diagnosed with incident Barrett's esophagus between 2010 and 2019 was identified. Group‐based trajectory models were generated to detect longitudinal adherence subgroups. Results: 79 701 individuals with a new diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus were identified. The best fitting model detected five distinct adherence trajectory groups: consistently high (44% of the population), moderate decline (18%), slow decline (12%), rapid decline (10%), and decline‐then‐increase (16%). Compared to individuals starting PPIs, those already using PPIs were less likely to have a declining adherence pattern. Other factors associated with membership in a declining adherence group included (but were not limited to): female sex, having a past diagnosis of anxiety or depression, and having one or more emergency department visits in the past year. Discussion: Using an exploratory method, we detected heterogeneity in adherence to prescription PPIs. Less than half of individuals were classified into the consistently high adherence group, suggesting that many individuals with Barrett's esophagus receive inadequate pharmacologic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Resection for Crohn's disease (CD) related strictures is definitive but carries risk of morbidity, recurrence, and short bowel syndrome. On the contrary, the durability of endotherapy (ET) for CD‐related strictures is questionable. Prospective comparative studies are limited. We aimed to prospectively compare the outcomes of ET in CD strictures with a case‐matched surgical therapy (ST) cohort. Methods: Patients undergoing ET or resection for primary CD strictures (symptomatic, non‐traversable, < 5 cm length, n ≤ 3) between January 2021 and March 2022 in a high‐volume tertiary center were compared with regard to recurrent symptoms, escalation of therapy, re‐intervention, and re‐operation based on propensity matched analysis. Results: Fifty‐nine patients [49% ET, 57.6% male, median (years): 34 (15–74)] had ≥ 12 months of follow up. Before propensity matching, cumulative re‐intervention rate was significantly higher with ET [34.5% (10/29) vs 3.3% (1/30) ST, P = 0.002]. Recurrent symptoms (34.5% vs 26.7%, P = 0.42), escalation of medical therapy (27.5% vs 23.3%, P = 0.64), and re‐operation (7.4% vs 3.1%, P = 0.55) were comparable. In propensity matched analysis adjusted for demographics, disease, and stricture characteristics [n = 42, 21 each, 62% male, median (years): 32 (15–60)], cumulative probability of re‐intervention rates was higher in ET (28.6% vs 4.8%, P = 0.042). The cumulative probability of recurrent symptoms (ET: 33.3% vs surgery 33.3%, P = 0.93), therapy escalation (ET: 23.8% vs surgery 28.6%, P = 0.75), and re‐operation (ET: 9.5% vs surgery 4.8%, P = 0.57) was similar. Conclusions: ET for CD strictures require higher re‐interventions compared with resection although re‐operation could be avoided in the majority with comparable symptom free survival at 1 year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and synthesis of a series of novel hybrid molecules that combine Imidazo[4,5‐c] pyridines with piperdines are presented in this paper. Total 17 derivatives were meticulously synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis techniques. The in vitroanticancer activities are estimated by verifying their effectiveness against the MCF‐7 human breast adenocarcinoma and A549 lung cancer cell line, with cisplatin and doxorubicin serving as reference drugs. Several of these compounds demonstrated significant potential, displaying IC50 values within the range of 12.26–84.5 μM for A549, and 13.37–69.82 μM for MCF‐7. Notably, compound 11 bis found to be more potent than the standard drug cisplatin with an IC50 of 12.26±0.8 μM against A549 cells, while compound 11 d exhibited highest inhibition with an IC50 of 13.37±0.4 μM against MCF‐7 cells. Although its effectiveness was moderately lower when compared to doxorubicin, it still retained substantial anticancer activity. Molecular docking studies were performed to decouple the binding affinity and ligand interactions of the compounds with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) (PDB ID: 3ERT). The pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed favourable drug‐likeness properties for all the molecules, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay seeks to examine how Ursula K. Le Guin's science fiction short story "Coming of Age in Karhide" (1995) set in the planet of Gethen in the fictional Hainish universe envisions a political utopia of sequentially hermaphroditic humans to offer a succinct critique of traditional gender roles and conventional sexual customs while celebrating the potential of collective responsibility. While maintaining that the recent scholarship on queer utopias in SF has largely geared toward posthumanist articulations, the present essay argues that Ursula K. Le Guin who laid the genre conventions of queer utopic narratives unabashedly places her short story "Coming of Age in Karhide" within the ideals of humanism by upholding community as a unifying entity, at the same time carefully avoiding the pitfalls of anthropocentrism. Drawing from queer theorists and social scientists, this essay, while exemplifying the implications of a futuristic gender‐neutral society, albeit partially, examines Le Guin's celebration of community collectivism in "Coming of Age in Karhide" to argue that the integration with the values and expectations of the larger community occasions individual growth and identity formation of the teenage protagonist and thereby, attests to the author's humanistic temperament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Self‐discharging is a natural behavior that occurs in all batteries. In this work, to reduce the self‐discharging behavior of Al‐ion battery, the graphite materials were coated with different thickness of Al2O3 coatings (3, 5, 7, and 10 nm) by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Because there is no solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed in Al‐ion battery with using ionic liquid electrolyte, ALD–Al2O3 coating could play a role in artificial SEI in Al‐ion battery. Methods: The aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer on the graphite electrode was deposited via ALD. During the deposition, the growth temperature for Al2O3 was kept at 80°C. High‐purity N2 was used to carry the gas precursors of trimethylaluminium Al2(CH3)6 (TMA) and H2O alternately into the reacting chamber of ALD. Each injection of gas precursor was followed by purging the reacting chamber with high‐purity N2. By controlling different reaction times, the different thickness of ALD–Al2O3 coatings on the surface of graphite materials can be obtained. Results: We found that SP1 graphite coated with 5 nm Al2O3 (SG–ALD‐5 nm) as cathode materials in Al‐ion battery exhibited a superior anti‐self‐discharging behavior (260 h) with long stability (∼900 cycles). The battery capacity can achieve up to 85 mAh/g at a current density of 300 mA/g (3C) with a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.5%. Furthermore, the ALD–Al2O3 coating method can also be applied to other graphite materials. The battery based on flexuous graphite with an ALD–Al2O3 coating (FG–ALD) also exhibited excellent discharging capacity of 140 mAh/g with good cycle stability over 3000 cycles at a current density of 3000 mA/g. Conclusion: Overall results indicated that ALD coatings on graphite materials demonstrated significantly promising on not only reducing the self‐discharging problem but also remaining the superior battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this manuscript, a novel energy detection‐based chaotic whale optimization algorithm (ED‐CWOA) is proposed to maximize the spectrum utilization, duration, and threshold in cognitive radio network (CRN). Here, the spectrum utilization is designed taking into account sensing duration and threshold in multi‐objective function is formulated by considering its primary user (PU) protection restrictions and secondary user (SU) throughput. To get the global optimal solution, the CWOA and the multi‐objective optimization problem are finally carried out on a single objective. The execution is performed on NS2 simulator. The simulation outcome demonstrates that the proposed ED‐CWOA system has lower delay 33.878%, 26.206%; higher delivery ratio 35.536%, 22.65%; lower Fairness Index 46.66%, 58.332%; lower energy consumption 25.462%, 35.524%; and higher throughput 96.82%, 49.28% for different nodes analyzed with the existing methods, like energy detection‐based bivariate Levy‐stable bat algorithm (ED‐BLSBA) and genetic algorithm‐based energy detection (ED‐GA), respectively. The simulation outcome indicates that the proposed system may be able to get the optimal global solutions efficiently and accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and facile turn‐on fluorescence sensor has been developed for the effective determination of an important bile pigment‐ Biliverdin (BVD), using ascorbic acid capped copper nanoclusters (AA CuNCs). This yellow colored, biocompatible material exhibits emission maximum at 445 nm on an excitation wavelength of 365 nm. The fluorescence intensity of AA CuNCs was enhanced efficiently in presence of BVD within the linear range 1.00×10−5 M to 2.00×10−6 M with a limit of detection 2.88×10−7 M. An aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) mechanism was suggested for the sensor. Practical utility of the proposed sensor has been validated in artificial urine and blood serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused stress among undergraduate dental students; coping mechanisms might be employed to deal with such stress. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to explore the coping strategies employed by dental students at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in response to their self‐perceived stressors during the pandemic. Methods: An anonymous 35‐item survey was distributed to all four cohorts of UBC undergraduate dental students enrolled in the 2021–2022 academic year, 229 students in total. The survey gathered sociodemographic information, self‐perceived COVID‐19‐related stressor, and coping strategies via the Brief Cope Inventory. Adaptive and maladaptive coping were compared among the years of study, self‐perceived stressors, sex, ethnicity, and living situations. Results: Of the 229 eligible students, 182 (79.5%) responded to the survey. Of the 171 students that reported a major self‐perceived stressor, 99 (57.9%) of them were stressed about clinical skill deficit due to the pandemic; fear of contraction was reported by 27 (15.8%). Acceptance, self‐distraction, and positive reframing were the most used coping strategies among all students. The one‐way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in the adaptive coping scores among the four student cohorts (p = 0.001). Living alone was found to be a significant predictor for maladaptive coping (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The main cause of stress related to the COVID‐19 pandemic for dental students at UBC is their clinical skills being negatively affected. Coping strategies including acceptance and self‐distraction were identified. Continued mitigation efforts should be made to address students' mental health concerns and create a supportive learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of cutting‐edge machine learning ensemble approaches has solved many climate change research and prediction issues. The six top‐performing GCMs obtained from Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution were ensembled using seven machine learning ensemble methods such as Random Forest Regressor (RFR), Support Vector Regressor (SVR), Linear Regression (LR), Adaptive Boosting Regressor (AdaBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor (XGBR), Extra Tree Regressor (ETR), Multi‐Layer Perceptron neural network (MLP) and simple Arithmetic Mean (AM) over the diverse geo‐climatic basins. Precipitation is best simulated by EC‐Earth3 and BCC‐CSM2‐MR. Maximum temperature by MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR, EC‐Earth3‐Veg, INM‐CM5‐0 and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐LR. Minimum temperature by INM‐CM5‐0 and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐LR model. The MME of XGBR and RFR stand out for their superior performance across all six basins, with exceptional performance over the per‐humid basins, while AdaBoost, SVR and the AM underperform. Examining the interseasonal variability of the simulated MMEs over the basins highlights the reliability of these MME models. The anticipated change in maximum and minimum temperature in the SSP245 and SSP585 in the future horizon corroborates the undeniable rise in temperature by all the MMEs with a dramatic change in future temperature in AM and AdaBoost in precipitation with a factor of two rises in the far future over the recent past. Though climate change is expected to increase precipitation, atmospheric stabilization over the Ghats will affect the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation. We recommend a comprehensive testing and validation approach to generate ensembles in regional investigations involving complicated and diverse precipitation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of non‐invasive, rapid, and widely accessible quantitative high‐resolution imaging methods, such as modern retinal photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), has significantly impacted ophthalmology. These techniques offer remarkable accuracy and resolution in assessing ocular diseases and are increasingly recognized for their potential in identifying ocular biomarkers of systemic diseases. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) has been demonstrated to have promising results in identifying age, gender, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and assessing cardiovascular disorders from the fundus and OCT images. Although our understanding of eye–body relationships has advanced from decades of conventional statistical modeling in large population‐based studies incorporating ophthalmic assessments, the application of AI to this field is still in its early stages. In this review article, we concentrate on the areas where AI‐based investigations could expand on existing conventional analyses to produce fresh findings using retinal biomarkers of systemic diseases. Five databases—Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using terms related to ocular imaging, systemic diseases, and artificial intelligence characteristics. Our review found that AI has been employed in a wide range of clinical tests and research applications, primarily for disease prediction, finding biomarkers and risk factor identification. We envisage artificial intelligence‐based models to have significant clinical and research impacts in the future through screening for high‐risk individuals, particularly in less developed areas, and identifying new retinal biomarkers, even though technical and socioeconomic challenges remain. Further research is needed to validate these models in real‐world setting. This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Health CareTechnologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > Prediction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and green method for the synthesis of 4H‐chromenes via an organocatalytic three‐component one‐pot reaction between active methylene compound, aromatic aldehydes and resorcinol with high yields (upto 98 %) in water is reported. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first report of study of MCR on resacetophenone for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes. The organo catalyst DMAP was recovered and reused for 6 times without substantial decrease in the yields, and the products were purified just by recrystallization from ethanol which avoids purification through column. This easy to handle method reduces the use of many hazardous catalysts and adverse reaction conditions and utilizes simple, readily accessible and recyclable catalyst. Single crystal X‐ray clearly confirms the structures of synthesized chromenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of estrogen as a result of aging, pelvic cancer therapy, genetics, or eating disorders affects numerous body systems including the reproductive tract. Specifically, a chronic hypoestrogenic state fosters debilitating vaginal symptoms like atrophy, dryness, and dyspareunia. Current treatment options, including vaginal estrogen and hyaluronan (HA), anecdotally improve symptoms, but rectifying mechanisms are largely understudied. In order to study the hypoestrogenic vaginal environment, in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as understand the mechanisms behind current treatments and develop new therapies, we characterized a reliable and reproducible animal model. Bilateral ovariectomies (OVX) were performed on 9‐week‐old CD1 mice. After 1 month of estrogen loss due to ovarian removal, a phenotype that is similar to human vaginal tissue in an estrogen reduced state was noted in mice compared to sham‐operated controls. The uterine to body weight ratio decreased by 80% and vaginal epithelium was significantly thinner in OVX compared to sham mice. Estrogen signaling was altered in OVX, but submucosal ERα localization did not reach statistical differences. HA localization in the submucosal area was altered and CD44 expression decreased in OVX mice. Collagen turn‐over was altered following OVX. The inflammation profile was also disrupted, and submucosal vaginal CD45+ and F4/80+ cell populations were significantly reduced in the OVX mice. These results show altered cellular and molecular changes due to reduced estrogen levels. Developing new treatments for hypoestrogenic vaginal symptoms rely on better understanding of not only the cellular changes, but also the altered vaginal ECM environment. Further studies using this mouse model has the potential to advance women's vaginal health treatments and aid in understanding the interplay between organ systems in both healthy, aged, and diseased states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically review the literature to determine auditory outcomes of cochlear implantation in children ≤12 months old. Data Source: PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 9/1/2021 using PRISMA guidelines. Review Methods: Studies analyzing auditory outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in children ≤12 months of age were included. Non‐English studies and case reports were excluded. Outcome measures included functional and objective auditory results. Two independent reviewers evaluated each abstract and article. Heterogeneity and bias across studies were evaluated. Results: Of 305 articles identified, 17 met inclusion criteria. There were 642 children ages 2 to 12 months at CI. The most common etiologies of hearing loss were congenital CMV, meningitis, idiopathic hearing loss, and GJB2 mutations and other genetic causes. All studies concluded that early CI was safe. Overall, outcomes improved following early CI: IT‐MAIS (9 studies), LittlEARS (4 studies), PTA (3 studies), CAP (3 studies), GASP (3 studies), and LNT (3 studies). Nine studies compared outcomes to an older implantation group (>12 months); of these (n = 450 early CI, n = 1189 late CI), 8 studies showed earlier CI achieved comparable or better auditory outcomes than later implantation, whereas 1 study (n = 120) concluded no differences in speech perception improvement. Conclusion: Auditory outcomes were overall improved in children ≤12 months old undergoing CI. Studies that compared early to late CI demonstrated similar or better auditory outcomes in early implantation group. Given the comparable safety profile and critical time period of speech and language acquisition, earlier CI should be considered for infants with hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception, environmental forensics has observed expansion of its horizons across several threats to life forms, be it pertaining to wildlife trafficking or tracking the release of effluents containing pharmaceutical drugs, toxins, pesticides, heavy metals, pathogenic microbes, and microplastics. With the substantial growth of pharmaceutical industry over the past few decades, especially with respect to therapeutic personal care products and over the counter drugs, a new threat to environment has emerged from pharmaceutical toxicity. Due to the recalcitrant nature and poor wastewater treatment practices related to these pollutants, they leach into different strata of ecosystem like aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems. These drugs pose a threat to several life forms even at trace concentrations. This article aims at providing a profound perspective by exhaustively reviewing several classes of pharmaceutical drugs that are silently threatening the wildlife and environment. The sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of such drugs menacing the environment and wildlife is pertinent and can be achieved through aptamer-based biosensors known as aptasensors. These are a rising class of biosensors with vast application potential in numerous fields including environmental and wildlife forensics. This article also highlights the gap in research in the availability of rapid sensors for trace detection of drugs in environment hence encouraging researchers to explore the under-explored potential of aptasensors in environmental forensics. Highly sensitive and selective detection of such drugs is crucial in narrowing down the origin of such pollutants so as to aid the regulatory authorities in enforcing control over their release into environment. This article is categorized under: Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Forensic Food and Environment Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent evidence suggests that protecting human amnion and chorion matrices (HACM) during processing enhances the performance of HACM for wound repair and tissue regeneration. We utilised a diabetic (db/db) delayed wound healing mouse model. Treatment of db/db full‐thickness excisional wounds with HACM, processed with a polyampholyte preservative accentuated the proliferative phase of wound healing that decreased the time necessary to heal wounds. Polyampholyte protection improved the preservation of growth factors and cytokines during room temperature storage following E‐beam sterilisation and improved its function in wound healing applications. Our findings indicate protected HACM tissue up‐regulated MIP2, NF‐kB, TNF‐α, KI‐67, and Arg1 (0.6‐fold to 1.5‐fold) but those changes were not statistically significant. Immunofluorescent assessment identifying cell activity illustrated an induction of the proliferative phase of wound healing and a switch from an inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M1) to a pro‐regenerative macrophage phenotype (M2a). Genomic profiling of 282 genes was performed using Nanostring from co‐cultures of human macrophages and fibroblasts. The polyampholyte + HACM‐treated group, compared with the HACM or polyampholyte alone groups, had a statistically significant up‐regulation (32–368 fold) of 12 genes primarily involved in macrophage plasticity including CLC7, CD209, CD36, HSD11B1, ICAM1, IL1RN, IL3RA, ITGAX, LSP1, and PLXDC2 (adj. p‐value < 0.05). The polyampholyte alone group demonstrated statistically significant down‐regulation of four genes ADRA2, COL7A1, CSF3, and PTGS2 (adj. p < 0.05). The HACM alone group up‐regulated four genes ATG14, CXCL11, DNMT3A, and THBD, but the results were not statistically significant. Biomechanical measurements indicated that wounds treated with polyampholyte‐protected HACM had more tensile integrity compared with wounds treated with HACM alone. These findings indicate that better protection of HACM during processing stabilises the HACM matrix, which may lead to improved wound healing outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research focus: Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide used primarily to control pests on a variety of food and feed crops. Humans are directly or indirectly exposed to this pesticide through food, air, and occupation. The ill effects of chlorpyrifos on various organ systems of human has been widely documented, but less is known about its influence on human bones. Aim: To analyze the effect of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (TCPy) on the skeletal system of the chick embryo. Materials and Methods: Fertilized chick eggs were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite 3,5,6‐TCPy on 1.5 days of incubation. The proximal phalanx of 18‐day‐old embryos was analyzed for defects in growth and ossification through histopathology, immunohistochemistry, angiogenesis assay, and gene expression study. Results: Dose‐dependent variations in developing bone of chick embryo were observed. Histochemical and histomorphometry studies of proximal phalanx showed increased in the growth plate length (F(9, 59) = 228.9509, p =.00001) with a reduction in the total length of the phalanx (F(9, 59) = 109.9905, p =.00001), decreased mineralization (F(9, 59) = 224.6872, p =.00001), decreased blood islands in the bone marrow (F(9, 59) = 7.7083, p =.0001) of chlorpyrifos, and 3,5,6‐TCPy‐exposed group. Significant downregulations in the expression patterns of the transcription factors, such as SOX9, RUNX2, and ALP, were also observed. Conclusion: Chlorpyrifos and its metabolite 3,5,6‐TCPy exposure alters the chondrogenesis in the growth plate cartilage of long bone in chick embryo. The pesticide and its metabolite also interfere in ossification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we show that Pt(111) and Pt(100) can produce the ketone through the oxidation of the secondary carbon of the polyols. After the Bi modification, the selectivity for the ketone formation increases. On the other hand, we observe that pure and Bi‐modified Pt(110) only produced the C3 molecules oxidized in the primary carbon, and it is the only facet that shows an enhancement in the activity due to the modification. In line with these findings, small Pt nanoparticles are not selective for ketone formation. Finally, based on data obtained through DFT calculations, we suggest that positively charged Bi adatoms interact with the OH‐ groups of the enediol‐like intermediate (believed to be the precursor for the ketone/aldehyde production), facilitating the oxidation of the secondary carbon to produce DHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐covalent halogen bonding interactions are quintessential in crystal engineering for the construction of distinctive supramolecular synthons. Here, we report the first crystalline evidences of unique boat and chair shaped cyclic hexahalogen synthons in the crystal structures of α,α,α′,α′,4‐pentabromo‐o‐xylene (PBX) and α,α,α′,α′,4,5‐hexabromo‐o‐xylene (HBX) respectively. Nature and stability of constituent interactions in the supramolecular synthons are scrutinized with the help of quantum‐chemical calculations. Pendás' interacting quantum atoms approach confirmed the stability of Br⋅⋅⋅Br interactions leading to boat and chair shaped synthons with major contribution from exchange‐correlation. Although both the molecules are achiral in nature, the packing forces guide PBX to crystallize in the chiral space group P21 with a helix‐like orientation while HBX packs in a centrosymmetric P21/n space group. The extended furcations in the pentabromo derivative construct a molecular framework consisting of macrocycles realized through halogen bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to mental health hazards to healthcare providers in general and to undergraduate dental students. The present study undertakes a scoping review to identify and discuss the mental health issues and stressors impacting dental students globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic search following the Joanna Briggs Institute's framework for scoping reviews was conducted on Embase, MEDLINE by Ovid, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify peer reviewed publications published globally since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 until June 22, 2021. Manual search was also performed on Google scholar. Eligible studies were selected based on the predetermined set of criteria and focused specifically on mental health issues experienced by undergraduate dental students in the context of COVID-19. Results: Fifty-five publications were retained. Fifty-one reported stress, anxiety, or depression experienced by undergraduate dental students during the pandemic. Twenty-five studies employed validated psychometric instruments to exploremental health status among the same students. A total of 28 publications reported that the predominant concern for students was fear of infection, especially during patient interaction.Adapting to virtual learning, clinical skill deficit due to lack of/limited practical training and social isolation were other majorly reported stressors. Conclusions: Many mental health issues and stressors related to the COVID- 19 pandemic have been identified. Mitigation of COVID-19-related stressors on dental students' mental health should be a priority across all dental academic institutions. Continued efforts should be made to create a supportive learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]