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E‐cigarette taxes are an active area of legislation and have important regulatory implications by proxying e‐cigarette accessibility. We examine the effect of e‐cigarette taxes on prepregnancy and prenatal smoking using the near‐universe of births to mothers conceiving between 2013 and 2019 in the United States. Using fixed effect regressions, we show that e‐cigarette taxes increase prepregnancy and prenatal smoking. We also find evidence that e‐cigarette taxes reduce prepregnancy and 3rd trimester e‐cigarette use. Finally, we show that e‐cigarette taxes increase news coverage of e‐cigarettes and raise perceptions of risk of e‐cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Telerobotic ultrasound technology allows radiologists and sonographers to remotely provide ultrasound services in underserved areas. This study aimed to compare costs associated with using telerobotic ultrasound to provide ultrasound services in rural and remote communities to costs associated with alternate models. Methods: A cost‐minimization approach was used to compare four ultrasound service delivery models: telerobotic ultrasound (Model 1), telerobotic ultrasound and an itinerant sonographer (Model 2), itinerant sonographer without telerobotic ultrasound (Model 3), and travel to another community for all exams (Model 4). In Models 1–3, travel was assumed when exams could not be successfully performed telerobotically or by an itinerant sonographer. A publicly funded healthcare payer perspective was used for the reference case and a societal perspective was used for a secondary non‐reference case. Costs were based on the literature and experience using telerobotic ultrasound in Saskatchewan, Canada. Costs were expressed in 2020 Canadian dollars. Results: Average cost per ultrasound exam was $342, $323, $368, and $478 for Models 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, from a publicly funded healthcare payer perspective, and $461, $355, $447, and $849, respectively, from a societal perspective. In one‐way sensitivity analyses, Model 2 was the lowest cost from a payer perspective for communities with population >2075 people, distance >350 km from the nearest ultrasound facility, or >47% of the population eligible for publicly funded medical transportation. Conclusion: Health systems may wish to consider solutions such as telerobotic ultrasound and itinerant sonographers to reduce healthcare costs and improve access to ultrasound in rural and remote communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, are a technology that has seen rapid growth. Their ability to offload tasks that are once considered labor intensive is one of their many appealing aspects. This aspect increases time for tasks of higher importance, meaning reliance on this technology is ever increasing. These tasks include land geo‐mapping, firefighting, surveillance, delivery services, search and rescue among others. As with every growing technology, however, comes the negative exposure, shadowing further expansion and growth. For drones, this includes noise pollution, and hazardous, low efficiency propulsion systems. Regulations and laws are beginning to surface, regulating the use of drones and their noise levels within airspace, as future growth can overcrowd airspace. Current drones use propulsion systems that expose the public to hazardous propellers and high levels of noise, thus unsuitable for their expected growth. This paper presents a novel variable‐geometry exit nozzle to improve the efficiency of current propulsion systems in drones, in turn reducing noise levels and hazards, that are currently foreshadowing drones. The presented propulsion method achieves results that show better performance than a ducted fan and propeller under static conditions. Three experiments are conducted, and the results are reported and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to sonographers and sonologists is limited in many communities around the world. Telerobotic sonography (robotic ultrasound) is a new technology to increase access to sonography, providing sonographers and sonologists the ability to manipulate an ultrasound probe from a distant location and remotely perform ultrasound examinations. This narrative review discusses the development of telerobotic ultrasound systems, clinical studies evaluating the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of telerobotic sonography, and emerging use of telerobotic sonography in clinical settings. Telerobotic sonography provides an opportunity to provide real‐time ultrasound examinations to underserviced rural and remote communities to increase equity in the delivery of diagnostic imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a risk stratification model to differentiate benign and malignant MRI-imaged musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumours, informing decisions surrounding biopsy and follow-up imaging.Methods: Imaging of patients who underwent MRI and subsequent biopsy to evaluate a soft-tissue mass was retrospectively reviewed. Features analysed included patient age; tumour size; shape; margins; enhancement pattern; signal intensity pattern; deep fascia, neurovascular bundle, bone and joint involvement; and the presence of necrosis, haemorrhage, oedema and intralesional fat. Univariate comparisons, by final histopathological status, employed t-tests and chi-square tests, followed by simple and multiple logistic regressions. Variables included in the final multiple regression model were used to define a three-level risk stratification strategy.Results: One-hundred and ten patients were included in the analysis. Univariate relationships were identified between malignancy and age, tumour size, deep fascia involvement, neurovascular involvement, necrosis, haemorrhage, oedema and heterogeneous enhancement (all P < 0.01). Final multiple regression modelling included size, enhancement and oedema. Thirty of 40 (75%) tumours >5 cm with surrounding oedema ('high risk') were malignant, 13 of 47 (28%) tumours with one or more of tumour size >5 cm, surrounding oedema or heterogeneous enhancement ('moderate risk') were malignant, and none of the 16 tumours ≤5 cm with the absence of surrounding oedema and heterogeneous enhancement ('low risk') were malignant.Conclusions: A model including tumour size, enhancement and oedema has potential to stratify soft-tissue tumours into high-, intermediate- and low-risk categories; this may inform decisions surrounding biopsy and follow-up imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Interactive clinical video telemedicine (CVT) has the potential to benefit health care systems and patients by improving access, lowering costs, and more efficiently distributing providers. However, there is a gap in current knowledge around the demand for and potential uses of CVT in large integrated health care systems. Methods: We conducted an observational study using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative databases to analyze trends in CVT utilization, and types of care received, among 7.65 million veterans during fiscal years (FY) 2009‐2015 (October 1, 2008‐September 30, 2015). Trends were stratified by veteran rurality and analyzed using linear regression. Among 4.95 million veterans in FY2015, we used logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with CVT utilization for any care, mental health care, and major specialties. Findings: Over 6 years, the annual CVT utilization grew from 30 to 124 encounters per 1,000 veterans (>300% increase), with faster growth among rural veterans than urban veterans. Over the study period, ≥50% of all CVT‐delivered care was mental health care. In FY2015, 3.2% of urban and 7.2% of rural veterans utilized CVT for nearly 725,000 clinical encounters. Rural residence, younger age, longer driving distance to VHA facilities, one or more comorbidities, and higher rates of traditional, non‐video utilization were independently associated with higher odds of CVT use. Conclusions: CVT utilization in VHA has increased quickly and exceeds published rates in the private health care market. The availability of CVT has likely increased access to VHA care for rural veterans, especially for mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effect of levodopa medication on speech dysfluency in Parkinson's disease. Methods: Fifty‐one individuals with Parkinson's disease (IWPD) read aloud during off‐ and on‐ medication states. Total speech dysfluencies were calculated from transcriptions of recorded speech samples. Results: Severity of speech dysfluency was not significantly related to the severity of motor symptoms, duration of disease, levodopa equivalent dosage, or age. When the IWPD were divided into two groups based on dysfluency severity, there was a significant group‐by‐medication state interaction. There was a significant correlation between the medication‐related change in speech dysfluency and the off‐medication severity of speech dysfluency measure (r = −0.46). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that levodopa medication can have a significant effect on speech dysfluency. The beneficial levodopa effect appears to be related to the severity of the off‐medication speech dysfluency. Results did not provide strong support for the excess dopamine theory of stuttering in IWPD. A dualistic model of the effects of dopamine on speech fluency in PD is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of a telerobotic approach to remotely perform prenatal sonographic examinations. Methods: Thirty participants were prospectively recruited. Participants underwent a limited examination (assessing biometry, placental location, and amniotic fluid; n = 20) or a detailed examination (biometry, placental location, amniotic fluid, and fetal anatomic survey; n = 10) performed with a conventional ultrasound system. This examination was followed by an equivalent examination performed with a telerobotic ultrasound system, which enabled sonographers to remotely control all ultrasound settings and fine movements of the ultrasound transducer from a distance. Telerobotic images were read independently from conventional images. Results: The mean gestational age ± SD of the 30 participants was 22.9 ± 5.3 weeks. Paired‐sample t tests showed no statistically significant difference between conventional and telerobotic measurements of fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, or single deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid; however, a small but statistically significant difference was observed in measurements of abdominal circumference and femur length (P < .05). Intraclass correlations showed excellent agreement (>0.90) between telerobotic and conventional measurements of all 4 biometric parameters. Of 21 fetal structures included in the anatomic survey, 80% of the structures attempted across all patients were sufficiently visualized by the telerobotic system (range, 57%–100% per patient). Ninety‐seven percent of patients strongly or somewhat agreed that they would be willing to have another telerobotic examination in the future. Conclusions: A telerobotic approach is feasible for remotely performing prenatal sonographic examinations. Telerobotic sonography (robotic telesonography) may allow for the development of satellite ultrasound clinics in rural, remote, or low‐volume communities, thereby increasing access to prenatal imaging in underserved communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Body weight is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and survival, but to the authors' knowledge, the impact of long-term postdiagnostic weight change is unclear. Herein, the authors investigated whether weight change over the 5 years after a diagnosis of CRC is associated with survival.Methods: CRC cases diagnosed from 1997 to 2008 were identified through 4 population-based cancer registry sites. Participants enrolled within 2 years of diagnosis and reported their height and weight 2 years prior. Follow-up questionnaires were administered approximately 5 years after diagnosis. Associations between change in weight (in kg) or body mass index (BMI) with overall and CRC-specific survival were estimated using Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage of disease, baseline BMI, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, smoking, time between diagnosis and enrollment, and study site.Results: At the 5-year postdiagnostic survey, 2049 participants reported higher (53%; median plus 5 kg), unchanged (12%), or lower (35%; median -4 kg) weight. Over a median of 5.1 years of subsequent follow-up (range, 0.3-9.9 years), 344 participants died (91 of CRC). Long-term weight loss (per 5 kg) was found to be associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.21) and CRC-specific survival (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.39). Significantly lower survival was similarly observed for relative weight loss (>5% vs ≤5% change), BMI reduction (per 1 unit), or BMI category change (overweight to normal vs remaining overweight).Conclusions: Weight loss 5 years after a diagnosis of CRC was found to be significantly associated with decreased long-term survival, suggesting the importance of avoiding weight loss in survivors of CRC. Future research should attempt to further evaluate this association, accounting for whether this weight change was intentional or represents a marker of declining health. Cancer 2017;123:4701-4708. © 2017 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Testicular cancer survivors (TCS) have an increased risk of treatment-related cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may limit their overall survival. We evaluated the effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) on traditional and novel CVD risk factors and surrogate markers of mortality in a population-based sample of TCS.Methods: This phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02459132) randomly assigned 63 TCS to usual care (UC) or 12 weeks of supervised HIIT (ie, alternating periods of vigorous-intensity and light-intensity aerobic exercise). The primary outcome was peak aerobic fitness (VO2peak ) assessed via a treadmill-based maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test. Secondary endpoints included CVD risk (eg, Framingham Risk Score), arterial health, parasympathetic nervous system function, and blood-based biomarkers.Results: Postintervention VO2peak data were obtained for 61 participants (97%). HIIT participants attended 99% of the exercise sessions and achieved 98% of the target exercise intensity. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that HIIT was superior to UC for improving VO2peak (adjusted between-group mean difference, 3.7 mL O2 /kg/min; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-5.1 [P<.001]) and multiple secondary outcomes including CVD risk (P = .011), arterial thickness (P<.001), arterial stiffness (P<.001), postexercise parasympathetic reactivation (P = .001), inflammation (P = .045), and low-density lipoprotein (P = .014). Overall, HIIT reduced the prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors by 20% compared with UC.Conclusions: This randomized trial provides the first evidence that HIIT improves cardiorespiratory fitness, multiple pathways of CVD risk, and surrogate markers of mortality in TCS. These findings have important implications for the management of TCS. Further research concerning the long-term effects of HIIT on CVD morbidity and mortality in TCS is warranted. Cancer 2017;123:4057-65. © 2017 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test for a unique form of compensatory behavior among smokers who wish to continue their nicotine consumption following the smoking bans placed on bars. We find a substantial increase in smokeless tobacco use among smokers, particularly those who drink and are of typical bar-going age. We also find that everyday smokers, who clearly have the strongest nicotine dependence, are more likely to increase smokeless-tobacco use than occasional smokers are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present evidence from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System that shows increased seatbelt use following the concurrent presence of stricter blood alcohol content thresholds and primarily enforced seatbelt laws. This suggests that inebriated drivers may use their seat belts more judiciously to avoid being identified as a drunk driver by law enforcement. The interactive effect of stricter drunk driving laws and primary seatbelt laws are also shown to be more effective than either law passed in isolation in terms of reducing traffic fatalities. (JEL K4, I18) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To determine whether a home-based care coordination program focused on medication self-management would affect the cost of care to the Medicare program and whether the addition of technology, a medication-dispensing machine, would further reduce cost. Design Randomized, controlled, three-arm longitudinal study. Setting Participant homes in a large Midwestern urban area. Participants Older adults identified as having difficulty managing their medications at discharge from Medicare Home Health Care (N = 414). Intervention A team consisting of advanced practice nurses ( APNs) and registered nurses ( RNs) coordinated care for two groups: home-based nurse care coordination ( NCC) plus a pill organizer group and NCC plus a medication-dispensing machine group. Measurements To measure cost, participant claims data from 2005 to 2011 were retrieved from Medicare Part A and B Standard Analytical Files. Results Ordinary least squares regression with covariate adjustment was used to estimate monthly dollar savings. Total Medicare costs were $447 per month lower in the NCC plus pill organizer group ( P = .11) than in a control group that received usual care. For participants in the study at least 3 months, total Medicare costs were $491 lower per month in the NCC plus pill organizer group ( P = .06) than in the control group. The cost of the NCC plus pill organizer intervention was $151 per month, yielding a net savings of $296 per month or $3,552 per year. The cost of the NCC plus medication-dispensing machine intervention was $251 per month, and total Medicare costs were $409 higher per month than in the NCC plus pill organizer group. Conclusion Nurse care coordination plus a pill organizer is a cost-effective intervention for frail elderly Medicare beneficiaries. The addition of the medication machine did not enhance the cost effectiveness of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model illustrating that deferred compensation increases effort (reduces shirking) by increasing the cost of job loss. Importantly, the size of this increase in effort shrinks as the chance of exogenous job separation grows. The paper tests the model's predictions using both US and Australian data. In both countries we find empirical results consistent with the model's predictions. Deferred compensation, as identified either by pensions or by steeper tenure-wage profiles, is associated with greater self-reported worker effort. Moreover, when the probability of job separation is greater, the influence of deferred compensation diminishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Hypospadias and cryptorchidism, two relatively common male genital anomalies, may be caused by altered maternal hormone levels, blood glucose levels, or nutritional deficiencies. Maternal obesity, which increases risk of diabetes and could influence hormone levels, may, therefore, be associated with risk of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and hypospadias and cryptorchidism. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of hypospadias and cryptorchidism in male singleton newborns using Washington State birth records from 1992 to 2008 linked to birth-hospitalization discharge records. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was calculated from pre-pregnancy weight and height. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for hypospadias or cryptorchidism were estimated by fitting multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for year of birth, and maternal age, education, parity, race, and cigarette smoking during pregnancy. RESULTS The complete-case analysis included 2219 hypospadias cases, 2563 cryptorchidism cases, and 32,734 controls. Maternal obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was not associated with risk of hypospadias or cryptorchidism in male offspring: hypospadias (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.95-1.21); cryptorchidism (aOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89-1.11), and no trend in risk with increasing maternal BMI was found. There was little indication of risk associated with BMI among any subgroup of mothers examined, including women with pre-existing diabetes or hypertension, women who developed preeclampsia, non-Hispanic white women, first-time mothers, or mothers aged ≥30 years. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that pre-pregnancy maternal obesity is a cause of hypospadias or cryptorchidism in male infants. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this evaluation was to study the relationship of nurse care coordination (NCC) to the costs of Medicare and Medicaid in a community-based care program called Missouri Care Options (MCO). A retrospective cohort design was used comparing 57 MCO clients with NCC to 80 MCO clients without NCC. Total cost was measured using Medicare and Medicaid claims databases. Fixed effects analysis was used to estimate the relationship of the NCC intervention to costs. Controlling for high resource use on admission, monthly Medicare costs were lower ($686) in the 12 months of NCC intervention (p = .04) while Medicaid costs were higher ($203; p = .03) for the NCC group when compared to the costs of MCO group. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:235–242, 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors affecting age of hiring are estimated using Australian establishment data. Lower ages of new hires are associated with training and with workplaces using steeper tenure–wage profiles. Lower ages of hires are associated with steeper profiles throughout the age of hire distribution, whereas lower ages of hires are associated with the provision of training only among younger hires. Moreover, the evidence confirms that larger employers are more likely to hire younger workers but that lower ages of hire continue to be associated with steeper tenure–wage profiles even among larger employers. The robust role of the tenure–wage profile suggests that it is too early to conclude, as some have, that specific training is the paramount reason for the reduced hiring prospects of the old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Federally qualified health centers across the country are adopting depression disease management programs following federally mandated training; however, little is known about the relative effectiveness of depression disease management in rural versus urban patient populations. Purpose: To explore whether a depression disease management program has a comparable impact on clinical outcomes over 2 years in patients treated in rural and urban primary care practices and whether the impact is mediated by receiving evidence-based care (antidepressant medication and specialty care counseling). Methods: A preplanned secondary analysis was conducted in a consecutively sampled cohort of 479 depressed primary care patients recruited from 12 practices in 10 states across the country participating in the Quality Enhancement for Strategic Teaming study. Findings: Depression disease management improved the mental health status of urban patients over 18 months but not rural patients. Effects were not mediated by antidepressant medication or specialty care counseling in urban or rural patients. Conclusions: Depression disease management appears to improve clinical outcomes in urban but not rural patients. Because these programs compete for scarce resources, health care organizations interested in delivering depression disease management to rural populations need to advocate for programs whose clinical effectiveness has been demonstrated for rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many features of living wage laws may influence the strength of their effects on wages and employment of low-skill individuals. Echoing past research, business assistance living wage laws generate stronger wage increases and employment reductions than contractor-only laws. But broader enforcement or implementation and geographic concentration of living wage laws also appear to strengthen their effects. Finally, geographic concentration may be more significant than the distinction between business assistance and contractor-only living wage laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author uses data from the 1988-2000 Annual Demographic Files of the Current Population Survey to revisit the question of whether job lock exists. Limiting the sample to males with employer-provided health insurance, it is tested whether the lack of a potential source of alternative coverage through the individual's spouse affects his or her job mobility. The author controls for both characteristics of the respondent and spouse, as well as the attributes of their jobs. Although evidence produced by other researchers using similar methodology has been mixed, this article presents significant evidence that employer-provided health insurance lowers mobility. (JEL J320, J620). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholinergic input from the basal forebrain and septum to the hippocampus is well known to be critical in learning and memory. Muscarinic induction of theta-frequency oscillations may synchronize pre- and postsynaptic firing and thereby enhance plasticity in the hippocampus. Previous studies have demonstrated that muscarinic activation facilitates long-term potentiation (LTP) induced with tetanus in vitro. In the present study, we tested the role of muscarinic receptor activity in the induction of LTP beyond effects on spike timing by using a spike-pairing (SP) method at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in rat hippocampal slices. Pairings of pre- and postsynaptic action potentials (APs) have been shown to induce LTP when the presynaptic AP precedes the postsynaptic AP by 5-15 ms, but contribution of muscarinic co-activation has not been ruled out. We demonstrate that the mAChR antagonist atropine abolishes LTP induction by SP. Surprisingly, prolonged exposure to the mAChR agonist carbachol inhibits LTP induction by SP, perhaps because of receptor desensitization. These results demonstrate an essential role of cholinergic signaling in this form of hippocampal plasticity. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimate the effects of living wage laws on wages of low-wage workers, focusing on the timing of policy, spurious associations, and the type of living wage law passed in a city. Our estimates point to sizable positive wage effects in cities with broad living wage laws that cover employers receiving business assistance from the city. We also explore disemployment effects of living wage laws and find evidence consistent with tradeoffs between wages and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX®) injections on aerodynamic measures of phonation were examined in 30 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Patients received bilateral injections of 2.5 U of botulinum toxin type A in each thyroarytenoid muscle. Measures of air pressure, average airflow, coefficient of variation (CV) of airflow, and laryngeal resistance were obtained before the injections and at 2 and 10 weeks after the injections. These measures were also obtained from 12 normal subjects. Compared with normal subjects, the spasmodic dysphonia patients had significantly higher preinjection values for air pressure, CV of airflow, and laryngeal resistance. At 2 and 10 weeks after the botulinum toxin type A injections, the spasmodic dysphonia patients showed a significant increase in the average airflow values and a significant decrease in the CV of airflow values and the laryngeal resistance values. At 10 weeks after the injections, the values for the three measures began to approach the preinjection values. It is concluded that these aerodynamic measures of phonation can provide useful measures of treatment outcome in adductor spasmodic dysphonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on information resources. Observation on information resources; Definitions of scientific information; Views of documentalists on information resources; Association of information resources with natural resources; Suggestions for organized documentation.

OBJECTIVES: To examine narratives of personal coping with the cancer experience and compare them with narratives of advice offered to other cancer patients by community-dwelling elderly cancer survivors. DESIGN: Qualitative and quantitative mixed methods. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Interviews were conducted with 100 elderly adults who had reported cancer diagnosis from among participants of a panel study of 1,107 community-dwelling elderly adults. Mean age of the sample was 78.7±6.8; 62% were female, and 62% were married. MEASUREMENTS: Three raters identified consistent themes through content analyses of interviews using a staged content analysis process. Themes reporting personal coping were coded separately from advice respondents would offer to others. RESULTS: Respondents reported themes of personal coping that corresponded well to previously established modes of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Themes for personal coping primarily reflected reframing, normalizing, and obtaining social support. Assertive healthcare consumerism and self-care were seldom reported as personal coping strategies but emerged as important coping approaches, along with positive attitude maintenance, in advice offered to others. Length of survivorship was unrelated to coping strategies. CONCLUSION: Elderly cancer survivors use passive modes of coping and rely on physicians, family, or cognitive acceptance in coping with cancer, but they offer far more proactive advice to other cancer patients. These findings underscore the importance of physician encouragement of older cancer patient initiative and proactivity in expressing views and preferences. Physicians should offer reassurance that elderly patients' questions and initiatives are welcomed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article lists the reviewers or referees of the journal including Rahi Abouk, Scott Adams and Becci Akin.

The article discusses the relationship between management discourse and revolution in Singapore. Topics include Singapore's economic policies in relation to universities, the hiring of management consultant Michael Porter by the Thailand government's National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB), and the the work of cartoonist Scott Adams on his comic strip Dilbert.

The article lists contributors of the journal including Scot Adams, Hunt Alcott and James Bushnell.

Objectives: Evidence for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder with cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is limited, and so this study sought to intensively evaluate outcomes in a co‐produced single‐case experimental design (SCED). Design: An A1/B/A2/C with extended follow‐up SCED with a female patient meeting diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. Methods: Following the 6‐week baseline period 'A1', treatment occurred in two phases (18 'B' and 6 sessions 'C') sandwiching a 12‐week treatment withdrawal phase ('A2') and a 24‐week structured follow‐up phase. Five idiographic daily measures were collected daily to create a 622‐day timeline. The PHQ‐9 and the Mania Rating Scale were completed after each treatment session. The participant held two roles: as the patient and provider of the idiographic/nomothetic outcomes and also as part of the research team through providing a commentary on the outcomes identified. Results: CAT was a partially effective intervention. There were improvements to idiographic measures of self‐criticism, self‐acceptance, body dissatisfaction and worry. Nomothetic outcomes showed little change. CAT did not insulate from the occurrence of a hypermanic relapse during the follow‐up phase. The change commentary mirrored the idiographic outcomes in noting that the 'exits' were harder to implement during the manic relapse. Conclusions: This co‐produced SCED suggests a partially effective CAT intervention, but with exits much harder to sustain during manic relapse. Methodologically, it is possible to improve SCED methodology through widening the participant role further beyond that of data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology of the stylohyal‐tympanic bone articulation found in laryngeally echolocating bats is highly indicative of a function associated with signal production. One untested hypothesis is that this morphology allows the transfer of a sound signal from the larynx to the tympanic bones (auditory bulla) via the hyoid apparatus during signal production by the larynx. We used µCT data and finite element analysis to model the propagation of sound through the hyoid chain into the tympanic bones to test this hypothesis. We modeled sound pressure (dB) wave propagation from the basihyal to the tympanic bones, vibratory behavior (m) of the stylohyal—tympanic bone unit, and the stylohyal and tympanic bones when the stylohyal bone is allowed to pivot on the tympanic bone. Sound pressure wave propagation was modeled using the harmonic acoustics solver in ANSYS and vibratory behavior was modeled using coupled modal and harmonic response analyses in ANSYS. For both analyses (harmonic acoustics and harmonic response), the input excitation on the basihyal and thyrohyals was modeled as the estimated pressure (Pa) imposed by the collision of the vibrating thyroid cartilage of the larynx against these bones during signal production. Our models support the hypothesis that this stereotypical hyoid morphology found in laryngeally echolocating bats can transfer sound to the auditory bullae at an amplitude that is likely heard for the species Artibeus jamaicensis and Rhinolophus pusillus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People whom the author would like to thank for their assistance in the creation of the journal "Industrial Relations," including Scott Adams, Anjuli Adukia, and Kory Kroft, are mentioned.

Pandeism is the belief that God chose to wholly become our Universe, imposing principles at this Becoming that have fostered the lawful evolution of multifarious structures, including life and consciousness. This article describes and defends a particular form of pandeism: living God pandeism (LGP). On LGP, our Universe inherits all of God's unsurpassable attributes—reality, unity, consciousness, knowledge, intelligence, and effectiveness—and includes as much reality, conscious and unconscious, as is possible consistent with retaining those attributes. God and the Universe, together "God‐and‐Universe," is also eternal into the future and the past. The article derives testable hypotheses from these claims and shows that the evidence to date confirms some of these while falsifying none. Theism cannot be tested in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A list of individuals who have reviewed manuscripts for the magazine is presented including Masieh, Abawi, Shalender Bhasin and Michael A. Chen.

Administrative discretion can range from benign to troubling, and law enforcement officers possess the power to use physical violence in the discharge of their duties. Body‐worn cameras (BWCs) are a workplace surveillance technology intended to monitor officer behavior in the field, but officers exercise discretion over whether or not to activate their cameras. So, what drives officers to activate BWCs? Combining unique survey and administrative data, three competing explanations of BWC activation are compared in one department: Officer demographics, job function, and attitudes. Job function covariates offer robust predictive power of BWC activation frequency. Demographics do not predict BWC activations except rank, which negatively correlates with activation. Though the bulk of attitudinal measures do not predict BWC activations, negative relationships are noted with how officers perceive BWCs to impact their professional discretion, and their belief that cameras expose officers to public outrage and disapproval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great plasticity and diverse reproductive strategies of invasive alien plants are widely assumed to contribute to invasion success, even in extreme areas, often displacing native species. In this context, climate change creates new opportunities for biological invasions. Environmental variability and global warming are two of the climatic processes that may promote invasiveness, since alien species modulate their phenology to succeed under these circumstances. We monitored the phenological development (phenological stage advancement) of the two main invasive alien species: Poa annua L. and Cerastium fontanum Baumg. in the sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island during the austral summer period along an altitudinal gradient. We found that higher temperatures lead to increased plant height and accelerated phenological development than lower temperatures in P. annua but found no direct evidence of the latter in C. fontanum. However, increased temperature variability negatively affected the phenological development of both species. Interestingly, despite their different reproductive strategy (rapid and impromptu in P. annua, and more synchronic and gradual in C. fontanum), both species prolifically succeeded in producing seeds at all sites showing the great acclimation of these two alien species even in limiting conditions. Since both alien species in Macquarie Island showed larger size and faster phenology at lower altitudes (i.e. milder conditions), this would indicate a great influence of ameliorating abiotic extremes on alien plant invasive capabilities at environmental extremes. Thus, our results warn of the increasing capabilities under climatic warming scenarios for alien plants to reproduce even at such remote ranges. This highlights the need to reinforce calls for special attention to prevent the spread of these kinds of species to other similar sub‐polar areas, where intensive post‐introduction management may be difficult or expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well‐intentioned environmental management can backfire, causing unforeseen damage. To avoid this, managers and ecologists seek accurate predictions of the ecosystem‐wide impacts of interventions, given small and imprecise datasets, which is an incredibly difficult task. We generated and analysed thousands of ecosystem population time series to investigate whether fitted models can aid decision‐makers to select interventions. Using these time‐series data (sparse and noisy datasets drawn from deterministic Lotka‐Volterra systems with two to nine species, of known network structure), dynamic model forecasts of whether a species' future population will be positively or negatively affected by rapid eradication of another species were correct > 70% of the time. Although 70% correct classifications is only slightly better than an uninformative prediction (50%), this classification accuracy can be feasibly improved by increasing monitoring accuracy and frequency. Our findings suggest that models may not need to produce well‐constrained predictions before they can inform decisions that improve environmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I Cancer i 's reputation is determined by the quality of the manuscripts submitted and the expertise, dedication, and promptness of the individuals who critically review the manuscripts. We here at I Cancer i are therefore pleased to continue our Outstanding Reviewer Recognition Program. I Cancer i wishes to thank and congratulate the following conscientious and committed reviewers who are the 2019 recipients of this recognition. Andrew J. Murphy Caitlin C. Murphy. [Extracted from the article]

An introduction is presented in which editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including industrial organization, public health, and microeconomics.

Volume 36, published quarterly in 2018, contained 46 articles and 762 pages contributed by more than 100 authors and coauthors. During 2018 I CEP i received 300 referee reports that provided constructive input to improve accepted manuscripts as well as input for authors of rejected manuscripts. I CEP i 's 2018 I JCR i impact factor was 0.905 (244 out of 363 economics journals), keeping the journal in the middle of the economics journal impact factor distribution. [Extracted from the article]

Galectin‐1 is reported to be upregulated in various human cancers. However, the relationship between galectin‐1 expression and cancer prognosis has not been systematically assessed. In this study, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to collect all relevant studies and a meta‐analysis was performed. We found that increased galectin‐1 expression was associated with tumor size (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–2.89; p = 0.029), clinical stage (OR = 3.89; 95% CI: 2.40–6.31; p < 0.001), and poorer differentiation (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14–1.69; p = 0.001), but not with age (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.82–1.39; p = 0.597), sex (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74–1.07; p = 0.202), or lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 0.98–6.78; p = 0.056). In addition, we found that high galectin‐1 expression levels were associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.71–2.64; p < 0.001). The results were further validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. Moreover, high galectin‐1 expression was significantly associated with disease‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.17–2.19; p = 0.003), progression‐free survival (HR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.65–2.25; p < 0.001), and cancer‐specific survival (HR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.30–2.55; p < 0.001). Our meta‐analysis demonstrated that galectin‐1 might be a useful common biomarker for predicting prognosis in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rates of relapse in BD are high with medication nonadherence identified as an important contributor to relapse. Psychopharmacology remains a key component to the treatment of BD; therefore, increased understanding of medication use and ways to promote greater adherence is essential. The aim of the study was to identify how participants with BD experience taking prescribed medication. Participants had BD I or BD II, were users of specialist mental health services, aged 18–64 years, euthymic, mildly hypomanic or depressed, and on any combination of medication. Exclusion criteria were minimal. A semistructured interview was completed exploring patients' views of BD and factors influencing adherence based on the Subjective Experience of Medication Interview. An inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes. The study participants (n = 36) had predominantly bipolar I (78%) and were female (69%), and of New Zealand European ethnicity (67%) with 14% Maori. The mean age was 41 years (SD: 12.0). Findings from the thematic analysis generated three themes: Learning about the clinical meaning of having BD, Understanding how to use medication, and Understanding what works for me. The qualitative nature of our study limits the generalizability of our findings to a broader population of individuals with BD. The participants developed confidence in being in charge of their BD through a process of learning about BD and medication and understanding what this meant for them. The findings support greater emphasis on collaborative approaches that recognize the expertise of the individual with BD and the clinician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops an economic model to analyze how the risk of water shortages affects farmers' land irrigation decision and how the priority-based water sharing arrangement redistributes such a risk among farms with different water rights priorities. The analysis brings together an array of comprehensive data files on irrigation rights, water supplies, and agricultural land use from eastern Idaho. Results indicate that a more left-skewed distribution of streamflow significantly discourages land irrigation among farmers except the most senior rights holders. The priority-based water sharing arrangement redistributes the macroscale risk of water shortages and thus exposes farmers of different water rights priorities to heterogeneous levels of risk: senior water rights holders are affected the least and such a risk is instead passed mostly on to junior water rights holders. The role of water rights in risk redistribution is more significant when the probability distribution of water shortage risk is asymmetric rather than symmetric. The historical development pattern of water rights influences how the priority of water rights takes effect on land irrigation decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the periodical's publishing policies covering a wide variety of papers in both microeconomics and macroeconomics; discusses the instructions for submitting manuscripts to the periodical; and reports the copyright and subscription policies.