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Background: Intestinal inflammation has various causes and leads to some inflammatory diseases, of which autophagy pathway dysfunction could be considered as one of them. Probiotics could have a positive effect on reducing inflammation by activating the autophagy pathway. To evaluate the precise effects of probiotics as preventive and therapeutic agents to control the symptoms of inflammatory diseases, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. in regulating the autophagy signaling pathway. Methods: A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyze the expression of autophagy genes involved in the formation of phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes after exposing the HT‐29 cell line to sonicated pathogens and adding Lactobacillus spp. before, after, and simultaneously with inflammation. A cytokine assay was also accomplished to evaluate the interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β level following the probiotic treatment. Results: Lactobacillus spp. generally increased autophagy gene expression and consumption of Lactobacillus spp. before, simultaneously, and after inflammation, ultimately leading to activate autophagy pathways. The proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐6 and IL‐1β decreased after probiotic treatment. Conclusions: Our native probiotic Lactobacillus spp. showed beneficial effects on HT‐29 cells by increasing autophagy gene expression and decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines production in all treatments. Therefore, this novel probiotic cocktail Lactobacillus spp. can prevent and treat inflammation‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Probiotics have a beneficial effect on inflammatory responses and immune regulation, via Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and NF‐κB signaling pathways. To evaluate the precise effects of Lactobacillus spp. as a protective and therapeutic agent, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. in modulating JAK/STAT and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) inflammatory signaling pathways. Methods: A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to analyze the expression of JAK/STAT and inflammatory genes (TIR‑associated Protein [TIRAP], Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase[IRAK4], Nuclear factor‐kappa B Essential Modulator [NEMO], and receptor interacting protein [RIP]) followed by treatment of the HT‐29 cell line with sonicated pathogens before, after, and simultaneously with Lactobacillus spp. A cytokine assay was also used to evaluate interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β production after treatment with Lactobacillus spp. Results: Lactobacillus spp. downregulated JAK and TIRAP, IRAK4, NEMO, and RIP genes in the NF‐κB pathway compared to sonicate‐treated cells. The expression of STAT genes was different after treatment with probiotics. The production of IL‐6 and IL‐1β decreased after probiotic treatment. Conclusions: Our Lactobacillus spp. cocktail showed anti‐inflammatory effects on HT‐29 cells by modulating JAK/STAT and NF‐κB signaling pathways in all three treatment variants. Therefore, Lactobacillus spp. as a dietary supplement can both prevent and reduce inflammation‐related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]