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The elevated level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the troposphere is playing a crucial role in changing the earth's climatic system. Excess CO2 concentration is trapping a substantial proportion of heat imparting adverse range of environmental effects like extreme weather events, agricultural impacts and disruption of the ecosystem. Strategies such as CO2 capturing and storage are being pursued using polyoxometalates (POMs) to mitigate the elevated level of CO2 and their efficient conversion into useful chemicals. This review outlines the importance of CO2 reduction by electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction of CO2. POMs have several advantages for CO2 activation because of their promising catalytic activity, high selectivity and versatility for incorporating different metal ions and ligands. The efficient redox active metal center facilitates the conversion of CO2 by providing sufficient activation energy. Their robust structure also enables them resist harsh conditions, including high temperature and acidic or basic conditions. Owing to these properties, POMs can be a catalyst, co‐catalyst, photosensitizer or multielectron donor for CO2 reduction. Finally, we stated the challenges and future insight for CO2 activation using POMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for next‐generation batteries due to their unique properties such as high surface area, tuneable pore size, and composition. Objective: This review explored the comprehensive summary of MOF‐based electrode materials, their synthetic ways and applications for batteries. Methods: For example, solvothermal synthesis is commonly used for generating large MOF crystals, while hydrothermal synthesis is often used for synthesizing highly porous MOFs for energy storage devices. Herein, the synthetic strategies and applications of MOFs and their composites in batteries and supercapacitors are introduced. Results: Our findings demonstrate that MOFs have the potential to revolutionize the field of batteries and open new possibilities for designing next‐generation batteries with improved performance and safety. Conclusion: However, further research is needed to overcome the challenges and fully realize the potential of MOFs in batteries and it will contribute to forward advancement of pristine MOFs with excellent electrochemical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent study enlightens the synthesis and characterization of zirconia (ZrO2), Fe‐doped ZrO2 (Fe@ZrO2), and Ni‐doped ZrO2 (Ni@ZrO2) catalysts having new‐fangled morphology with tuned band gap as photocatalysts for degradation of textile wastewater dyes methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and their mixtures. SEM imaging of Fe@ZrO2 and Ni@ZrO2 is interestingly varied from ZrO2 as well as doping of transition metals greatly affects the morphology of composites. The optimization study depicts that the pH, time (min) and catalyst amount (g) have a direct relation with degradation efficiency, while the dye concentration (mg/L) has an indirect relation as well. The photocatalytic studies depict that the degradation of MB and MG follows oxidation pathway via hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and holes. Reusability of catalysts corresponds to a little decrease in degradation efficiency in the first two cycles and decreases to about ∼10% (Ni@ZrO2) and ∼12% (Fe@ZrO2) in next three cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]