Search

Wo sich Oxid und Metall treffen: Die Aktivierung eines effizienten assoziativen Reaktionspfades für die Wassergasreaktion an einer Oxid ‐ Metall ‐ Grenzfläche führt zu einer Erhöhung der katalytischen Aktivität von CeOx ‐ Nanopartikeln auf Cu(111) oder Au(111) um über eine Größenordnung (siehe Diagramm). In ‐ situ ‐ Experimente demonstrieren, dass eine an der Metall ‐ Oxid ‐ Grenzfläche gebildete Carboxyspezies das Schlüsselintermediat der Reaktion ist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Canaries have recently served as a test-bed island system for evaluating newly developed parametric biogeographical methods that can incorporate information from molecular phylogenetic dating and ages of geological events. To use such information successfully, knowledge of geological history and the fossil record is essential. Studies presenting phylogenetic datings of plant groups on oceanic islands often through necessity, but perhaps inappropriately, use the geological age of the oldest island in an archipelago as a maximum-age constraint for earliest possible introductions. Recently published papers suggest that there is little chance of informative fossil floras being found on volcanic islands, and that nothing could survive violent periods of volcanic activity. One such example is the Roque Nublo period in Gran Canaria, which is assumed to have caused the extinction of the flora of the island ( c. 5.3–3.7 Ma). However, recent investigations of Gran Canaria have identified numerous volcanic and sedimentological settings where plant remains are common. We argue, based on evidence from the Miocene–Pliocene rock and fossil records, that complete sterilization of the island is implausible. Moreover, based on fossil evidence, we conclude that the typical ecosystems of the Canary Islands, such as the laurisilva, the Pinus forest and the thermophilous scrubland, were already present on Gran Canaria during the Miocene–Pliocene. The fossil record we present provides new information, which may be used as age constraints in phylogenetic datings, in addition to or instead of the less reliable ages of island emergences or catastrophic events. We also suggest island environments that are likely to yield further fossil localities. Finally, we briefly review further examples of fossil floras of Macaronesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the diversity, taphonomy and palaeoecology of angiosperm leaves that dominate a palaeoflora of Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Coniacian) age from the Mata Amarilla Formation in the Austral Basin, south-west Patagonia, Argentina. Twelve morphotypes of angiosperm leaves are recognized based on foliar morphotype analysis of more than 500 specimens. These were divided into six morphological groups based on major architectural patterns. The relative dominance of these morphotypes, mode of preservation and relationship with sedimentary facies were evaluated from two levels within the formation. This analysis identified two different plant palaeocommunities. The lower, María Elena, level (MEL) was deposited in a marine coastal area on a subaerial delta plain; the dominant angiosperm morphotypes preserved in it are group 1 (MA100) and group 2 (MA101, 102); morphotypes MA109 and 110 are scarce but exclusive to this level. The upper, Mata Amarilla, level (MAL), accumulated inland in flood-plain environments; the most abundant angiosperm morphotypes are groups 3 (MA103–105), 4 (MA106) and 1 (MA100); morphotypes MA103–105 and 108 are exclusive to this level. Comparisons with other floras of similar age from Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand indicate that the Mata Amarilla flora has a slightly higher morphological diversity of angiosperm leaves, providing the first evidence for an angiosperm-dominated early Late Cretaceous macroflora in south-west Gondwana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penile inversion vaginoplasty helps to alleviate gender dysphoria and improve quality of life in many transgender individuals. Overall, the procedure is associated with high post-operative satisfaction, even when complications occur. Adverse events related to vaginoplasty are commensurate with other genitourinary reconstructive procedures performed for other diagnoses (ie, cancer or congenital issues). Here, we explore the incidence of complications following vaginoplasty, emphasizing the challenges in defining and managing these adverse events. In addition, outcome measures to assess patient satisfaction will be reviewed., (© 2021 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.)