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Soil degradation by concentrated runoff and soil erosion induces major environmental and economic damages, notably in agricultural areas under temperate climates. The use of herbaceous vegetation aims to increase the hydraulic resistance and thus reduce runoff and soil erosion while retaining sediments on site. However, the identification of the most suitable species to mitigate runoff is often specific to a phytogeographical territory and hampered by the intraspecific variability, which reduces the transposition of a solution to other territories and the ability to quantify the effects of the vegetation. Using a plant trait‐based approach allows understanding and characterising the direct effects of the vegetation on runoff and soil erosion mitigation as well as on the sediment retention increase. Here, we review the influence of plant aboveground functional types and traits of herbaceous vegetation on the hydraulic resistance and sediment retention and the contentious effects of the functional diversity on the hydraulic resistance and sediment retention, within agricultural catchments. Using this knowledge, we propose applications of the trait‐based approach to design and manage herbaceous hedges for sediment retention and soil erosion control. This review synthesises recent advances regarding the effects of the functional traits on runoff and sediment retention and defines a trait‐based selection method of the plant species for runoff and soil erosion control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among extracellular vesicles, leukocyte-derived microvesicles (LMVs) have emerged as complex vesicular structures. Primarily identified as procoagulant entities, they were more recently ascribed to plasmin generation capacity (MV-PGC). The objectives of this work were (1) to develop a new hybrid bio-assay combining the specific isolation of LMVs and measurement of their PGC, and compare its performance to the original method based on centrifugation, (2) to validate MV-PGC in septic shock, combining increased levels of LMVs and fibrinolytic imbalance. Using plasma sample spiked with LMVs featuring different levels of PGC, we demonstrated that CD15-beads specifically extracted LMVs. The MV dependency of the test was demonstrated using electron microscopy, high speed centrifugation, nanofiltration and detergent-mediated solubilization and the MV-PGC specificity using plasmin-specific inhibitors, or antibodies blocking elastase or uPA. Thanks to a reaction booster (ε-ACA), we showed that the assay was more sensitive and reproducible than the original method. Moreover, it exhibited a good repeatability, inter-operator and inter-experiment reproducibility. The new immunomagnetic bio-assay was further validated in patients with septic shock. As a result, we showed that MV-PGC values were significantly lower in septic shock patients who died compared to patients who survived, both at inclusion and 24 h later (1.4 [0.8-3.0] vs 3.1 [1.7-18] A405 × 10−3/min, p = 0.02; 1.4 [1-1.6] vs 5.2 [2.2-16] A405 × 10−3/min, p = 0.004). Interestingly, combining both MV-PGC and PAI-1 in a ratio significantly improved the predictive value of PAI-1. This strategy, a hybrid capture bioassay to specifically measure LMV-PGC using for the first time, opens new perspectives for measuring subcellular fibrinolytic potential in clinical settings with fibrinolytic imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]