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The synthesis of small heterocycles under neat mechanochemical conditions is of great interest in the field of drug design because most of the commercially available drugs contain at least one heterocyclic unit. The sodium borohydride (NaBH4) promoted reductive cyclization to fused dihydrofuran under grinding technique is one of the compendium additions for the clean future. The development of chemoselective reduction under silica‐gel supported conditions represents significant progress in organic synthesis, offering a versatile and efficient method for selective reduction of specific functional groups within complex molecules. Synthesis of isoindole derivatives from the chemoselective reduce product via a sustainable short synthetic pathway is another significant process of our newly developed protocol. Finally, antileishmanial investigations of our synthesized compounds establish a soft bridge between biology and chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and short synthesis of fused dihydroisoquinolines, diaryl substituted pyridine derivatives in good to high yields has been established by using an environmentally safe, solvent‐metal‐oxidant‐free tandem approach. In this article, we discuss how the electrocyclic reaction is more pronounced in the solid phase in the presence of urea, whereas the typical aza‐Michael addition is more prominent in presence of arylamine in the solution phase for 3‐(2‐formylcycloalkenyl)acrylic ester derivative substrates. The wide range of substrates and urea‐promoted neat synthesis made our approach more significant in medical and also analytical science. Moreover, an isoquinoline alkaloid decumbenine B analogue has been synthesized by using our newly developed neat methodology. We have also investigated the photophysical properties of the synthesized fused dihydroisoquinoline derivatives. One of the synthesized molecules was used as a sensor for the selective detection of toxic picric acid. Therefore, the effective neat synthesis and molecular sensing applications of these compounds made our approach more exciting in the field of heterocyclic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]