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For porous dressing production through 3D printing, it is challenging to adjust the printability of ink while balancing its bioactivity. The present study introduces an example of a modular construction method for heterogeneous granular ink. Gelatin microspheres (gelatin‐MSs) are assembled by poly (gallic acid)‐coated zinc‐containing nano‐hydroxyapatite (ZnHA‐NP/p(GA)), and further cooperate with Ag+ to form a kind of granular inks. The three modules including gelatin‐MS, ZnHA‐NP/p(GA), and Ag have their own functions: The viscoelastic gelatin‐MS module is the essential component that realizes ink extrusion. The ZnHA‐NP/p(GA) module not only forms reversible interactions with gelatin‐MS that realize the assembly but also takes the responsibility of reactive oxygen species‐scavenging and anti‐inflammatory. The Ag module not only interacts with ZnHA‐NP/p(GA) module to promote the stability but also exhibits strong antibacterial property. The gelatin‐MS size, p(GA)‐coating duration, ZnHA‐NP/p(GA) content, and Ag content are optimized to yield a nano‐micro granular ink for bioactive porous dressing preparation that is used to significantly promote the healing of refractory wounds. Therefore, this method allows particles with different structures and bio‐functions that serve as modules to assemble into inks, realizing the balance of printability and biological functions for dressing manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of 3D biomodelling and surgical guides for the treatment of small subungual glomus tumors. A custom-made surgical guide was created using 3D technologies and MRI imaging to enhance preoperative planning and surgical precision. The use of 3D technologies, such as biomodelling and 3D printing, allowed for the accurate excision of the tumor with minimal disruption to the nail apparatus, reducing the risk of recurrence and post-surgical complications. The article also highlights the potential of 3D technologies in improving early detection, surgical management, and preoperative diagnosis of subungual glomus tumors. [Extracted from the article]

Hydrogels are widely used in biological dressing, tissue scaffolding, drug delivery, sensors, and other promising applications owing to their water‐rich soft structures, biocompatibility, and adjustable mechanical properties. However, most of the conventional hydrogels are isotropic. The anisotropic structures existed widely in the organizational structure of plants and animals, which played a crucial role in biological systems. In this work, a method of limited domain swelling to prepare anisotropic hydrogels is proposed. Through spatially controlled swelling, the extension direction of hydrogels can be limited by a tailored mold, further achieving anisotropic hydrogels with concentration gradients. The external solution serves as a swelling solution to promote swelling and extension of the hydrogel matrix in a mold which can control the extension direction. Due to the diversity of external solutions, the method can be applied to prepare a variety of stimulus‐responsive polymers. The limited domain swelling method is promising for the construction of anisotropic hydrogels with different structures and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term diabetes often leads to chronic wounds refractory to treatment. Cell-based therapies are actively investigated to enhance cutaneous healing. Various cell types are available to produce biological dressings, such as adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), an attractive cell source considering their abundancy, accessibility, and therapeutic secretome. In this study, we produced human ASC-based dressings under a serum-free culture system using the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering. The dressings were applied every 4 days to full-thickness 8-mm splinted skin wounds created on the back of polygenic diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic K14-H2B-GFP mice. Global wound closure kinetics evaluated macroscopically showed accelerated wound closure in both murine models, especially for NONcNZO10/LtJ; the treated group reaching 98.7% ± 2.3% global closure compared to 76.4% ± 11.8% for the untreated group on day 20 (p = 0.0002). Histological analyses revealed that treated wounds exhibited healed skin of better quality with a well-differentiated epidermis and a more organized, homogeneous, and 1.6-fold thicker granulation tissue. Neovascularization, assessed by CD31 labeling, was 2.5-fold higher for the NONcNZO10/LtJ treated wounds. We thus describe the beneficial impact on wound healing of biologically active ASC-based dressings produced under an entirely serum-free production system facilitating clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare congenital skin defect characterized by a focal or extensive absence of the epidermis, dermis, and occasionally, subcutaneous tissue. When the wound caused by this defect is wide or deep, various treatments are used, including skin grafting. The amniotic membrane (AM) is a biological dressing that facilitates re‐epithelialization as it contains mesenchymal cells and numerous growth factors. Objective: To report the efficacy of AM dressings in treating the skin defects of ACC. Method: This study was conducted on five neonates diagnosed with ACC born between 2018 and 2022, referred to the Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. AM dressings were applied on wounds larger than 1 cm2. The wounds were assessed weekly and, if required, an additional AM dressing was applied. Results: The skin defects gradually re‐epithelialized after application of the AM. The complete healing process took around 3.5 weeks on average. No hypertrophic scarring was observed. Conclusion: The application of AM dressing resulted in satisfactory cosmetic outcomes, with no hypertrophic scar formation. Complete healing occurred in all cases except one. The length of the hospital stay ranged from 2 to 6 weeks, depending on the size of the wound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn wound regeneration is a complex process, which has many serious challenges such as slow wound healing, secondary infection, and inflammation. Therefore, it is essential to utilise appropriate biomaterials to accelerate and guide the wound healing process. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a natural polymer synthesised by some bacteria, has attracted much attention for wound healing applications due to its unique properties including excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties, simple purification process, three‐dimensional (3D) network structure similar to extracellular matrix, high purity, high water holding capacity and significant permeability to gas and liquid. BC's lack of antibacterial activity significantly limits its biomedical and tissue engineering application, but adding antimicrobial agents to it remarkably improves its performance in tissue regeneration applications. Burn wound healing is a complex long‐lasting process. Using biomaterials in wound treatment has shown that they can satisfactorily accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the importance of BC‐based structures as one of the most widely used modern wound dressings in the treatment of burn wounds. In addition, the combination of various drugs, agents, cells and biomolecules with BC to expand its application in burn injury regeneration is discussed. Finally, the main challenges and future development direction of BC‐based structures for burn wound repair are considered. The four most popular search engines PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to help us find relevant papers. The most frequently used keywords were bacterial cellulose, BC‐based biocomposite, wound healing, burn wound and vascular graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) increases, better treatments that improve healing should reduce complications of these ulcers including infections and amputations. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing outcomes between a novel purified reconstituted bilayer membrane (PRBM) to the standard of care (SOC) in the treatment of non‐healing DFUs. This study included 105 patients who were randomized to either of two treatment groups (n = 54 PRBM; n = 51 SOC) in the intent to treat (ITT) group and 80 who completed the study per protocol (PP) (n = 47 PRBM; n = 33 SOC). The primary endpoint was the percentage of wounds closed after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included percent area reduction, time to healing, quality of life, and cost to closure. The DFUs that had been treated with PRBM healed at a higher rate than those treated with SOC (ITT: 83% vs. 45%, p = 0.00004, PP: 92% vs. 67%, p = 0.005). Wounds treated with PRBM also healed significantly faster than those treated with SOC with a mean of 42 versus 62 days for SOC (p = 0.00074) and achieved a mean wound area reduction within 12 weeks of 94% versus 51% for SOC (p = 0.0023). There were no adverse events or serious adverse events that were related to either the PRBM or the SOC. In comparison to the SOC, DFUs healed faster when treated with PRBM. Thus, the use of this PRBM is an effective option for the treatment of chronic DFUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eschar dermabrasion is an easy, cost‐effective and dependable technique for debriding deep partial‐thickness burn wounds, highly suitable for paediatric scalds. Postoperative dressing plays a crucial role in the subsequent healing process. While allogenic skin (AGS) has long been considered as the optimal coverage for abraded burn wounds by Chinese burn specialists, its clinical application on children has encountered challenges. In recent years, our department has observed promising results in the application of bacterial cellulose dressing on paediatric burn wounds after dermabrasion surgery. This study aimed to retrospectively review qualified cases from the past 5 years and categorize them into two groups: 201 cases in the AGS group and 116 cases in the bacterial cellulose dressing (BCD) group. Upon statistical analysis, no differences were oberved between the groups in terms of demographic information and wound characteristics. However, the BCD group had a significantly longer surgery time (44.3 ± 7.0 min vs. 31.5 ± 6.1 min, p < 0.01) and shorter healing time (19.6 ± 2.2 days vs. 24.4 ± 4.3 days, p < 0.01) compared to the AGS group. Moreover, the BCD group required fewer dressing changes (3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 6.7 ± 2.1, p < 0.01) and demonstrated lower rates of skin grafting (10/116 vs. 46/201, p = 0.036). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the bacterial cellulose material may serve as an optimal coverage option for paediatric abraded scald wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical treatment strategies for musculoskeletal disorders have been a hot research topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs show great potential in improving musculoskeletal injuries. The ideal hydrogels should be capable of promoting the development of new tissues and simulating the characteristics of target tissues, with the properties matching the cell-matrix constituents of autologous tissues. Although there have been numerous reports of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs for the repair of musculoskeletal injuries, such as intervertebral disc injury, tendinopathy, bone fractures, and cartilage injuries, there are still many hurdles to overcome before the clinical application of modified hydrogels. In this review, we focus on the advantages of the isolation technique of EVs in combination with different types of hydrogels. In this context, the efficacy of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in different musculoskeletal injuries is discussed in detail to provide a reference for the future application of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in the clinical treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of different dressings on pressure injuries and screen the dressings for efficacy. Design: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis. Methods: Articles published from several electronic databases and other resources were selected. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of selected studies. Results: Twenty‐five studies that contained data on moist dressings (hydrocolloidal dressing, foam dressing, silver ion dressing, biological wound dressing, hydrogel dressing, polymeric membrane dressing) and sterile gauze dressings (traditional gauze dressings) were included. All RCTs were at a medium to high risk of bias. Moist dressings were found to be more advantageous than the traditional dressings. Hydrocolloid dressings [RR = 1.38, 95% CI (1.18, 1.60)] showed a higher cure rate than sterile gauze dressing and foam dressings [RR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.16, 1.61)]. Silver ion dressings [RR = l.37, 95% CI (1.08, 1. 73)] showed a higher cure rate than sterile gauze dressings. Sterile gauze dressing dressings [RR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.44, 0.78)] showed a lower cure rate compared with polymeric membrane dressings; whereas Sterile gauze dressing dressings [RR = 0.80, 95% CI (0.47, 1.37)] had a lower cure rate compared to biological wound dressings. Foam and hydrocolloid dressings were associated with the least healing time. Few dressing changes were required for moist dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients are challenging because their prolonged inflammation makes healing difficult, thus burdening patients, society, and health care systems. Customized dressing materials are needed to effectively treat such wounds that vary in shape and depth. The continuous development of 3D‐printing technology along with artificial intelligence has increased the precision, versatility, and compatibility of various materials, thus providing the considerable potential to meet the abovementioned needs. Herein, functional 3D‐printing inks comprising DNA from salmon sperm and DNA‐induced biosilica inspired by marine sponges, are developed for the machine learning‐based 3D‐printing of wound dressings. The DNA and biomineralized silica are incorporated into hydrogel inks in a fast, facile manner. The 3D‐printed wound dressing thus generates provided appropriate porosity, characterized by effective exudate and blood absorption at wound sites, and mechanical tunability indicated by good shape fidelity and printability during optimized 3D printing. Moreover, the DNA and biomineralized silica act as nanotherapeutics, enhancing the biological activity of the dressings in terms of reactive oxygen species scavenging, angiogenesis, and anti‐inflammation activity, thereby accelerating acute and diabetic wound healing. These bioinspired 3D‐printed hydrogels produce using a DNA‐induced biomineralization strategy are an excellent functional platform for clinical applications in acute and chronic wound repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts can provide coverage for full‐thickness skin defects and substitute for dermal defects. We tested the effectiveness of micronized ADM (mADM) as a dressing material, combined with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), for managing superficial wounds. We compared the wound healing effect of mADM in combination with NPWT with those of gelatin and mADM applied with a foam dressing. These therapeutic materials were applied to 36 cm2 excisional wounds in a porcine full‐thickness skin defect model. Wound healing kinetics and new tissue formation were assessed 10 days after the initial treatment by measuring the wound area. Collagen deposition and neovascularization were histologically evaluated. Compared with the other two groups, mADM plus NPWT combination group had a significantly larger wound area at the baseline (P =.0040), but the smallest on the 7th day (P =.0093). In addition, collagen formation and neovascularization were more histologically promoted than in the other two groups. mADM showed better results than the gelatin group but less collagen and revascularization than the combination group, and there was no significant difference in wound area. Our results show that the combination of mADM and NPWT has a synergistic wound healing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural biomaterials are crucial in ocular tissue engineering because they allow cells to proliferate, differentiate, and stratify while maintaining the typical epithelial phenotype. In this study, membranes as dressings were formed from silk fibroin and collagen (Co) extracted from fish skin and then modified with carbodiimide chemical cross linker in different concentrations. The samples were evaluated by different analyses such as structural, physical (optical, swelling, denaturation temperature, degradation), mechanical, and biological (viability, cell adhesion, immunocytochemistry) assays. The results showed that all membranes have excellent transparency, especially with higher silk fibroin content. Increasing the cross linker concentration and the ratio of silk fibroin to Co increased the denaturation temperature and mechanical strength and, conversely, reduced the degradation rate and cell adhesion. The samples did not show a significant difference in toxicity with increasing cross linker and silk fibroin ratio. In general, samples with a low silk fibroin ratio combined with cross linker can provide desirable properties as a membrane for corneal wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta‐analysis was performed to assess the effect of different wound dressing materials used in the postoperative treatment of wounds after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A systematic literature search up to January 2022 incorporated 16 trials involving 2765 subjects after THA or TKA at the beginning of the study: 1447 were using active and interactive dressings, and 1318 were using passive dressings. The statistical tools like the dichotomous or continuous method were used within a random or fixed‐influence model to establish the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the influence of different wound dressing materials used in postoperative treatment of wounds after THA and TKA. Active and interactive dressings had significantly lower overall wound complications (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.26–0.40, P < 0.001), number of dressing changes (MD, −1.53; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.96, P < 0.001), and early dressing change need (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04–0.47, P = 0.002) compared with passive dressings for subjects after THA and TKA. Active and interactive dressings had significantly lower overall wound complications, the number of dressing changes, and early dressing change need compared with passive dressings for subjects after THA and TKA. Furthermore, evidence is needed to confirm the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most serious diabetic complications. DFU is an open wound that usually occurs in the foot sole due to poor blood glucose control, peripheral neuropathy, and poor circulation. The human amniotic allograft membrane is a biological wound dressing derived from the amniotic membrane. It contains amino acids, nutrients, cytokines, and growth factors that make the growth process easier. Objective: To compare dehydrated human amnion and chorion allograft (DHACA) plus the standard of wound care (SOC) with the SOC alone. Methods: We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science till April 2021 using relevant keywords. All search results were screened for eligibility. We extracted the data from the included trials and pooled them as mean difference (MD) or risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) using Review Manager software (ver. 5.4). Results: The pooled effect estimate from 11 RCTs showed that DHACA was superior to SOC regarding the complete wound healing in both 6th and 12th week (RR = 3.78; 95% CI: [2.51, 5.70]; P < 0.00001) and (RR = 2.00; 95% CI: [1.67, 2.39], P < 0.00001 respectively). Also, the analysis favored the DHACA regarding the mean time to heal in the 12th-week (MD = -12.07, 95%CI: [-19.23, -4.91], P = 0.001). The wound size reduction was better with DHACA (MD = 1.18, 95%CI: [-0,10, 2.26], P = 0.03). Conclusion: Using DHACA with SOC is safer and more effective than using SOC alone for DFU patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a hydrogel‐based multiple plant flavonoids dressing can synergistically assist chronic wound closure and enable superior solubility and optimal therapeutic efficacy of loading flavonoids. Herein, cooperativity among plant flavonoids to enhance their biological functions is built upon co‐assemblies and chirality transfer. Co‐assemblies of multi‐flavonoids are fabricated through noncovalent interactions between flavonoids with the same skeleton and supramolecular hydrogelators. Chirality transfer from co‐assemblies to poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan is enabled through chain−chain noncovalent interactions, which in turn improves mechanical strength and water absorbing capacity to adapt the changes of wound. Additionally, the optimal hydrogel shows the facilitated healing process due to the matching physicochemical properties and the cooperative therapeutic effects. This study may put forward new insights to design and build a new generation of multiple therapeutic effects of hydrogel dressing to accelerate chronic wound healing by adjusting the assembly process of multiple precursors in a sophisticated cooperative strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effect of the application of cryo‐preserved amniotic membrane on the healing of 26 non‐healing wounds (18 patients) with varying aetiologies and baseline sizes (average of 15.4 cm2), which had resisted the standard of care treatment for 6 to 456 weeks (average 88.8 weeks). Based on their average general responses to the application of cryo‐preserved AM, we could differentiate three wound groups. The first healed group was characterised by complete healing (100% wound closure, maximum treatment period 38 weeks) and represented 62% of treated wounds. The wound area reduction of at least 50% was reached for all wounds in this group within the first 10 weeks of treatment. Exactly 19% of the studied wounds responded partially to the treatment (partially healed group), reaching less than 25% of closure in the first 10 weeks and 90% at maximum for extended treatment period (up to 78 weeks). The remaining 19% of treated wounds did not show any reaction to the AM application (unhealed defects). The three groups have different profiles of wound area reduction, which can be used as a guideline in predicting the healing prognosis of non‐healing wounds treated with a cryo‐preserved amniotic membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot infections continue to be a major challenge for health care delivery systems. Following encouraging results from a pilot study using a novel purified reconstituted bilayer matrix (PRBM) to treat chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), we designed a prospective, multi‐centre randomised trial comparing outcomes of PRBM at 12 weeks compared with a standard of care (SOC) using a collagen alginate dressing. The primary endpoint was percentage of wounds closed after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included assessments of complications, healing time, quality of life, and cost to closure. Forty patients were included in an intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analysis, with 39 completing the study protocol (n = 19 PRBM, n = 20 SOC). Wounds treated with PRBM were significantly more likely to close than wounds treated with SOC (ITT: 85% vs 30%, P =.0004, PP: 94% vs 30% P =.00008), healed significantly faster (mean 37 days vs 67 days for SOC, P =.002), and achieved a mean wound area reduction within 12 weeks of 96% vs 8.9% for SOC. No adverse events (AEs) directly related to PRBM treatment were reported. Mean PRBM cost of healing was $1731. Use of PRBM was safe and effective for treatment of chronic DFUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical effect of emergency dermabrasion combined with biological dressing A on wound microcirculation and preventing sepsis in deep degree-II burns. Methods. A total of 90 patients with deep degree-II burns admitted to the hospital were retrospectively enrolled between January 2020 and January 2022. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the control group (42 cases, biological dressing A) and the observation group (48 cases, emergency dermabrasion combined with biological dressing A). The clinical curative effect in both groups was observed. The wound repair rate and wound healing quality, and changes in levels of wound microcirculation-related indexes (serum epidermal growth factor (EGF), wound blood flow, and partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen) and inflammatory cytokines (C-reactive protein (CPR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and procalcitonin (PCT)) before treatment, at 3d and 7d after treatment were compared between the two groups. The incidence of wound infection and sepsis in both groups was recorded. Results. The wound healing time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group, and wound healing quality in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At 3 d and 7d after treatment, the levels of serum EGF, wound blood flow and partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen in both groups were all increased (P < 0.05), which were higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of CRP, IL-6, ESR, and PCT in both groups were all decreased (P < 0.05), which were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of sepsis between observation group and control group (4.17% (2/48) vs. 7.14% (3/42)) (Fisher = 0.539). Conclusion. Emergency dermabrasion combined with biological dressing A can effectively improve wound microcirculation in patients with deep degree-II burns, promote wound healing, shorten wound healing time, improve wound healing quality, effectively control inflammatory response, and prevent sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Safeguarding the integrity of the donor site during the initial suspension phase of an interpolation flap is difficult. There are a variety of approaches and no consensus on post‐operative management of the donor site or pedicle following the creation of the flap. The use of xenografts at the donor site of postauricular interpolation flaps simplifies post‐operative wound care and prevents infection, desiccation of tissue, reduces pain, and assists with hemostasis. Methods: A porcine acellular dermal skin substitute can be utilized for the purpose of care‐free interpolation flap wound care. First, the flap is designed and raised using standard surgical technique. The porcine xenograft is then sutured into the donor site and to the exposed subcutaneous side of the flap pedicle using nylon suture material. The flap then is interpolated and sutured into the surgical defect of the auricle. Silicone gel is applied to the surface of the xenograft. A pressure dressing is then placed over the surgical site. Results: A total of 4 patients had postauricular interpolation flaps to the ipsilateral helix. All four patients had a xenograft placed at the donor site and flap pedicle at the time of the flap creation and suspension. No infections and no incidence of post‐operative bleeding requiring intervention were noted. Conclusion: Utilizing a dermal skin substitute as a biological dressing for an interpolation flap prior to division and inset of the flap provides a useful alternative to traditional wound care during this interim period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the standard of life has increased with the advancement of the time, there has been an increasing stress on healthcare with the aging diet, and pressure sores occur in elderly hospitalized subjects. Of course, the emergence of related medical devices, especially auxiliary foam dressings, is constantly improving. Pressure ulcers are extremely harmful to the elderly. The use of virtual reality technology to simulate the treatment of foam excipients is to test the role of medical devices in virtual reality. In particular, the use of foam dressings in the management of pressure deposits is the most relevant study for this paper, which reviews the relevant literature and conducts a thematic study on patients in a specific urban hospital. The relevant materials were designed, the experiments were designed, and the relevant research data were obtained. Studies show that virtual reality-based preventive medical devices can improve the efficiency of pressure ulcer treatment in hospitals by about 12%. Pressure ulcers have different incidences among people of different ages. The probability is much higher than that of adolescents. Foam dressing is very effective in preventing pressure ulcers. The probability of pressure ulcers after using foam dressing is about 35% lower than that when it is not used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nylon is a human‐made material and has been applied in many industrial fields. This literature review explores the use of nylon in biomedical applications and discusses the properties and three‐dimensional (3D) printability of this material. Nylon is studied due to its versatility as an engineering plastic that can be easily transformed into fibers, films, and molded parts. Due to nylon's biocompatible nature, it has desirable chemical stability and tunable mechanical properties making this material and its derivatives widely used as sutures, catheters, dentures, and so on. However, the interactions between nylon and human body tissues have yet to be fully understood. Nevertheless, nylon is hybridized with different materials and used as skin dressings. In recent years, nylon composites have been actively researched in tissue engineering as an alternative to metallic implants with an appropriate bioactivity potential for bone growth. As nylon is supposed to be in contact with the tissue for a long time, hence researchers are developing antimicrobial strategies for the nylon materials to even promote their potential a step further. The 3D printing of nylon is currently confined to specific applications due to the printing technology's current limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining drugs is an efficient tool in fighting bacterial infections. It has been proven to enable an increased antimicrobial activity compared to mono‐drug therapies. Current commercial dressings for treatment of infected wounds provide delivery of one drug only. Therefore, there is an obvious need to develop a technology enabling incorporation and release of two and more actives. Ideally, such technology should prevent potential cross‐reactions between the drugs during long‐term storage. Here, a concept of drug compartmentalization within distinct glycerol domains of glycerol‐silicone elastomer membranes is presented. Multiple drugs are encapsulated within different types of glycerol domains hampering any cross‐reactions. The drugs are simultaneously released upon contact with aqueous media and the release kinetics can be precisely adjusted by tuning various material parameters, such as glycerol content and membrane thickness. Ultimately, the drug release capabilities and the antimicrobial potential are evaluated against a variety of bacteria in an agar diffusion assay. The membranes are proven effective against different bacterial species, which confirms the efficiency of release even at minimum moisture levels. The glycerol‐silicone platform technology enables delivery of virtually unlimited combinations of drugs from different drug families (e.g., antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and pain relief agents) facilitating new ways of treating wound disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cannabis is the most commonly used recreational drug in the United States, and transplant acceptability for cannabis using candidates varies among transplant centers. However, the prevalence and impact of cannabis use on outcomes of kidney transplant recipients remain unclear. This study aimed to summarize the prevalence and impact of cannabis use on outcomes after kidney transplantation. Methods: A literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library Databases from inception until September 2019 to identify studies assessing the prevalence of cannabis use among kidney transplant recipients, and reported adverse outcomes after kidney transplantation. Effect estimates from the individual studies were obtained and combined utilizing random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian‐Laird. Results: A total of four cohort studies with a total of 55 897 kidney transplant recipients were enrolled. Overall, the pooled estimated prevalence of cannabis use was 3.2% (95% CI 0.4%‐20.5%). While the use of cannabis was not significantly associated with all‐cause allograft failure (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.70‐2.46) or mortality (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 0.59‐3.92), the use of cannabis among kidney transplant recipients was significantly associated with increased death‐censored graft failure with pooled OR of 1.72 (95% CI 1.13‐2.60). Conclusions: The overall estimated prevalence of cannabis use among kidney transplant recipients is 3.2%. The use of cannabis is associated with increased death‐censored graft failure, but not mortality after kidney transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn is a common traumatic disease with high morbidity and mortality. The treatment of burns requires accurate and reliable diagnosis of burn wounds and burn depth, which can save lives in some cases. However, due to the complexity of burn wounds, the early diagnosis of burns lacks accuracy and difference. Therefore, we use deep learning technology to automate and standardize burn diagnosis to reduce human errors and improve burn diagnosis. First, the burn dataset with detailed burn area segmentation and burn depth labelling is created. Then, an end-to-end framework based on deep learning method for advanced burn area segmentation and burn depth diagnosis is proposed. The framework is firstly used to segment the burn area in the burn images. On this basis, the calculation of the percentage of the burn area in the total body surface area (TBSA) can be realized by extending the network output structure and the labels of the burn dataset. Then, the framework is used to segment multiple burn depth areas. Finally, the network achieves the best result with IOU of 0.8467 for the segmentation of burn and no burn area. And for multiple burn depth areas segmentation, the best average IOU is 0.5144. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high prevalence and mortality, and it has brought huge economic and health burden for the world. It is urgent to found novel targets for HCC diagnosis and clinical intervention. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been reported to participate in many cancer progressions including HCC, suggesting that circRNA might paly essential role in HCC initiation and progression. Our study aims to found that potential circRNA participates in HCC development and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We obtained three pairs of HCC tissues and its adjacent normal tissues data from GEO DataSets. MTT, cell colony, EdU, wound‐healing, transwell invasion and mouse xenograft model assays were used to demonstrate the biological functions of circCAMSAP1 in HCC progression. Furthermore, we conducted bioinformatics analysis, AGO2‐RIP, RNA pull‐down and luciferase reporter assays to assess the association of circCAMSAP1‐miR‐1294‐GRAMD1A axis in HCC cells. The expression of circCAMSAP1 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues compared with its adjacent normal tissues. Up‐regulation of circCAMSAP1 promoted HCC biological functions both in vitro and in vivo. The promotive effects of circCAMSAP1 on HCC progression function through miR‐1294/GRAMD1A pathway. CircCAMSAP1 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues, and circCAMSAP1 up‐regulated GRAMD1A expression to promote HCC proliferation, migration and invasion through miR‐1294. CircCAMSAP1 might be a potential prognosis and therapeutic target for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perforation of eardrum or tympanic membrane (TM) is a common clinical condition, which occurs due to infection or injury of the eardrum, and could results in varying degrees of conductive hearing loss among all ages. In this study, the authors report the combinatorial approach of designing mechanically‐tunable and vascular supportive nanofibrous membranes by 3D printing‐assisted electrospinning (e‐spin) using polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin with different mass ratios suitable to repair a perforated eardrum. The physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the membranes were characterized. The results show that the membrane has nanofibrous morphology with fibers are of varying size (400–600 nm in diameter) depending on processing conditions. The wettability and mechanical properties of the membrane can be tuned by regulating the gelatin content. Moreover, a biomimetic repair strategy inspired by chicken eggshell membrane, often used in wound dressings, was also presented for study and results show that the suture retention strength of the fabricated membrane can meet clinical translational requirements to promote TM healing. The vascular cell responsiveness of PCL/gelatin nanofibrous membrane was evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the results showed satisfactory biocompatibility, vascular cell responsiveness, and cell proliferation. The findings of this study demonstrate that the combinatorically engineered PCL/gelatin nanofibrous membrane has great potential for repairing perforated eardrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling drug delivery from medical dressings to wounds remains a challenge despite the presence of multiple drug‐containing wound dressings on the market. The dressing should ideally be effective immediately after application and still show no burst effect, and must also be comfortable for an extended period of time. Here, a silicone‐based membrane is shown to offer an adjustable, constant release of various drugs even at a minimum moisture level resembling that of dry wounds. The drugs are dissolved in glycerol, which is speed‐mixed with silicone and subsequently cured to yield a solid membrane with evenly distributed glycerol microcontainers housing the drug. The drugs are released immediately upon contact with moisture, enabling efficient treatment with short response time and no burst. Drug delivery capability is evaluated using a classical drug release experiment, as well as by performing an antimicrobial susceptibility test on ten bacterial strains in agar diffusion assays. Results show that glycerol–silicone membranes are promising candidates for fighting bacterial infections. Moreover, the addition of glycerol domains to a silicone matrix is proven to have a positive impact on water vapor transmission rate and moisture handling capabilities, resulting in a more skin compliant dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with various complications that poses a huge worldwide healthcare burden. Wounds in diabetes, especially diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are difficult to manage, often leading to prolonged wound repair and even amputation. Wound management in people with diabetes is an extremely clinical and social concern. Nowadays, physical interventions gain much attention and have been widely developed in the fields of tissue regeneration and wound healing. Magnetic fields (MFs)‐based devices are translated into clinical practice for the treatment of bone diseases and neurodegenerative disorder. This review attempts to give insight into the mechanisms and applications of MFs in wound care, especially in improving the healing outcomes of diabetic wounds. First, we discuss the pathological conditions associated with chronic diabetic wounds. Next, the mechanisms involved in MFs' effects on wounds are explored. At last, studies and reports regarding the effects of MFs on diabetic wounds from both animal experiments and clinical trials are reviewed. MFs exhibit great potential in promoting wound healing and have been practised in the management of diabetic wounds. Further studies on the exact mechanism of MFs on diabetic wounds and the development of suitable MF‐based devices could lead to their increased applications into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Bullet wipe" is the material deposited by a bullet on any surface with which it comes into contact after it is fired and may contain debris from the gun barrel, including particles of primer and metal fragments from previously fired bullets. X‐ray analysis is a non‐destructive method by which traces of metallic elements can be visually detected. The analysis of osseous defects for radiodense bullet wipe (RBW) assists in determining the presence or absence of perforating gunshot wounds, especially in fragmented, skeletonized remains. The aim of our current study was to determine the frequency of RBW around entrance firearms injuries that perforated bone. We prospectively analyzed entrance gunshot wounds for RBW over a three‐year period using digital X‐ray analysis (n = 59). We retrospectively reviewed the corresponding autopsy reports to determine the frequency of RBW by biologic sex, reported ancestry, age‐at‐death, location of wound, manner of death, range of fire, bullet caliber, and presence of bullet jacket. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Chi‐square test with significance levels accepted at p < 0.05. RBW was present in 66% (n = 39) of examined cases. Decedent characteristics did not significantly alter RBW distribution, including biologic sex (p = 0.75), reported ancestry (p = 0.49), and age‐at‐death (p = 0.43). Additionally, the location of the osseous entrance gunshot wound, manner of death, range of fire, and cartridge caliber did not affect RBW detection. All cases involving non‐jacketed rounds (n = 5) showed RBW (p = 0.30). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the frequency of RBW detection from osseous entrance gunshot wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress occurs when excess oxidative free radicals are produced in cells, which can overwhelm the normal antioxidant capacity and play an important role in many disease states. Thus, advanced functional materials which can mimic the intracellular antioxidant defense system have a huge potential to become candidates for curing oxidative stress triggered diseases. Herein, a high‐performance nanoplatform is developed with a green and mild strategy by combining mimic‐enzymatic antioxidant (Fe3O4) and nonenzymatic antioxidant (tannic acid (TA)) for constructing antioxidant defense system (Fe3O4 @ TAn nanoflowers (NFs)). Owing to the excellent peroxidase (POD)‐mimic and catalase (CAT)‐mimic capacities of Fe3O4 in various conditions, the antioxidant ability of TA and the flower‐like morphology, the Fe3O4 @ TAn NFs can effectively scavenge multiple reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In vitro experiments verify that the Fe3O4 @ TAn NFs demonstrate synergetic antioxidative properties, which can be used to protect blood and cellular components against oxidative damage. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the Fe3O4 @ TAn NFs exhibit excellent therapeutic effects for systemic inflammation on endotoxemia mice and promote wound healing owing to the excellent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Thus, this antioxidant defense system expands the toolbox of antioxidative materials and shows potential applications in oxidative stress treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) have significant clinical impact and carry a substantial economic burden. Patients with DFUs that are refractory to standard wound care are at risk for major complications, including infection and amputation and have an increased risk of mortality. This study evaluated the safety and preliminary efficacy of a novel decellularised purified reconstituted bilayer matrix (PRBM) in treating DFUs. Ten diabetic patients with refractory wounds that failed to heal after at least 4 weeks of standard wound care were studied in this Institutional Review Board approved trial. Ten consecutive wounds were treated weekly with the PRBM for up to 12 weeks. At each weekly visit, the wound was evaluated, photographed, and cleaned, followed by application of new graft if not completely epithelialised. Assessment included measurement of the wound area and inspection of the wound site for signs of complications. The primary outcome measure was wound closure, as adjudicated by independent reviewers. Secondary outcomes included assessment of overall adverse events, time to closure, percent area reduction, and the cost of product(s) used. Nine of 10 patients achieved complete wound closure within 4 weeks, and 1 did not heal completely within 12 weeks. The mean time to heal was 2.7 weeks. The mean wound area reduction at 12 weeks was 99%. No adverse events nor wound complications were observed. These early clinical findings suggest that the PRBM may be an effective tool in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burns and chronic wounds are especially challenging wounds to heal. In efforts to heal these wounds, physicians often use autologous skin grafts to help restore mechanical and barrier functionality to the wound area. These grafts are, by nature, limited in availability. In an effort to provide an alternative, we have developed an electrospun wound dressing designed to incorporate into the wound with the option to deliver a cellular payload. Here, a blend of poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) was electrospun as part of a custom fabrication method that incorporated 3D printed poly(vinyl alcohol) sacrificial elements. This preparation is unique compared to traditional electrospinning as sacrificial elements provide an internal void space for an injectable payload to be delivered to the wound site. When the construct was tested in vivo (full thickness excisional skin wounds), wound closure was slightly delayed by the presence of the scaffold in both normal and challenged wounds. Quality of healing was improved in normal wounds as measured by histomorphometrics when treated with the construct and exhibited increased neovascularization. Our results demonstrate that the extracellular matrix‐like scaffold developed in this study is beneficial to healing of full thickness skin defects and may benefit challenged wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present the results of clinical, surgical, and histopathologic procedures and how these were compared with the initial presumptive clinical diagnosis in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) presenting with subspectacular fluid opacity; and to improve upon currently established surgical enucleation techniques in the snake. Animal studied: An 8‐month‐old corn snake was presented for enlarged globe OD. Procedures: The following diagnostics were performed: systemic and ophthalmic examinations, complete blood count, cytology and culture of subspectacular fluid, and histopathology of enucleated globe and spectacle. Enucleation was performed in a routine fashion with the addition of a porcine small intestinal submucosa bioscaffold graft (SISplus™; Avalon Medical, Stillwater, MN), sutured over the orbit. Results: Systemic examination revealed signs of maxillary stomatitis. Ophthalmic examination revealed semitransparent fluid in the subspectacular space. Complete blood count was unremarkable. Cytology of fluid obtained via subspectacular centesis was acellular, and culture grew Clostridium perfringens, which was consistent with the clinical suspicion of right maxillary stomatitis. Histopathology of the enucleated globe revealed spectaculitis, characterized by regional heterophilic inflammation, and no evidence of lymph dissection in the (peri)ocular tissues. The final diagnosis was a subspectacular abscess. Follow‐up revealed that the SIS graft provided excellent healing and cosmesis of the surgical site. Conclusions: While there are reports of lymphatic fluid dissection between skin layers during ecdysis, which can result in an opaque spectacle, the fluid opacity in this case was attributed to a subspectacular abscess secondary to an ascending oral infection. Addition of biological wound dressing may contribute to positive post‐enucleation outcome in the snake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Characteristics and outcome of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in critically ill burn patients have been poorly explored. Objectives: We report the factors associated with 90‐day mortality in a multicentre retrospective European study. Patients/Methods: All burn patients with confirmed IFI admitted between 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 in 10 centres in France and Belgium were included. Results: Ninety‐four patients were enrolled with 110 cases of IFIs: 79 (71.8%) were yeasts IFI and 31 (28.2%) filamentous IFI. Incidence was 1% among admitted patients. The 90‐day mortality was 37.2% for all IFIs combined, 52% for filamentous infection and 31.9% for yeast infection. Patients with more than one IFI had a higher 90‐day mortality than patients with only one episode (61.5% vs 33.5% (P =.006)). In multivariate analysis, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.09) P =.003), bacterial co‐infection (OR = 3.85 (95% CI: 1.23‐12.01), P =.014) and use of skin allografts at the time of IFI diagnosis (OR = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.31‐11.42), P =.021) were associated with 90‐day mortality. Conclusions: Although rare, invasive fungal infections remain associated with poor outcome in burn patients. Bacterial co‐infection and presence of allograft were potentially modifiable factors independently associated with outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic skin (e‐skin) technology is an exciting frontier to drive the next generation of wearable electronics owing to its high level of wearability, enabling high accuracy to harvest information of users and their surroundings. Recently, biomimicry of human and biological skins has become a great inspiration for realizing novel wearable electronic systems with exceptional multifunctionality as well as advanced sensory functions. This review covers and highlights bioinspired e‐skins mimicking perceptive features of human and biological skins. In particular, five main components in tactile sensation processes of human skin are individually discussed with recent advances of e‐skins that mimic the unique sensing mechanisms of human skin. In addition, diverse functionalities in user‐interactive, skin‐attachable, and ultrasensitive e‐skins are introduced with the inspiration from unique architectures and functionalities, such as visual expression of stimuli, reversible adhesion, easy deformability, and camouflage, in biological skins of natural creatures. Furthermore, emerging wearable sensor systems using bioinspired e‐skins for body motion tracking, healthcare monitoring, and prosthesis are described. Finally, several challenges that should be considered for the realization of next‐generation skin electronics are discussed with recent outcomes for addressing these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel as a treatment of clean non-healing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in comparison with regular dressing with saline as a control. Methods: Patients with DFU were randomly assigned to one of two equal groups: group I received dressing with PRP gel and group II received regular saline dressing. The main outcomes of the study were percent reduction in the dimensions of the DFU, healing of DFU, and complications at 20 weeks of follow-up. Results: Twenty-four patients were included to the study. The mean age of patients was 55.2 ± 6.4 years. Only three (25%) patients in group I achieved complete healing versus none of group II patients. In total, 8.3% of group I and 41.6% of group II patients did not show any response to treatment. The percent of reduction in the longitudinal and horizontal dimensions of the DFU was significantly greater in group I than group II (43.2% vs 4.1%) and (42.3% vs 8.2%), respectively. The time required to maximum healing was significantly shorter in group I than group II (6.3 ± 2.1 vs 10.4 ± 1.7 weeks, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of PRP gel as a dressing for chronic DFU resulted in a more significant reduction in the size of the ulcer when compared to regular saline dressing. Also the time to reach the point of maximal possible healing with the least wound dimensions was significantly shorter when using PRP as a dressing protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is an encouraging therapy modality for bacterial infection. In this work, trithiophene aldehyde (3T‐CHO) as a new photosensitizers was isolated from Herba Ecliptae, and tryptophan (Trp) modified 3T‐CHO improve water solubility and reduced phototoxicity. The photosensitizer‐loaded vesicles were incorporated into a gel scaffold to obtain a wound dressing with detection and antibacterial function. Detection of the presence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on the fluorescence signals was highly efficient and sensitive. The cytotoxin produced by the pathogenic bacteria to induce vesicle lysis, thereby the photosensitive antibacterial agent was released from the vesicle to realize the simultaneous intelligent detection and treatment of pathogenic bacteria. Compared with traditional dressings coated with antibiotics, the synthesized dressing avoids the drawback of pathogenic bacteria developing drug resistance. The proposed microbiologically responsive wound dressing could be used as a general methodology for the design and fabrication of bacterium‐responsive functional biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some cases, we hope to remove the electrospun nanofibrous mesh from the collector easily. But in some cases such as wound dressing, we observe that the in situ electrospun nanofibers can stick to the collector (e.g., skin). Therefore, the adhesion between the in situ electrospun web and the substrate becomes important in the performance and practical application of the electrospun material. In this paper, we reported a direct pulling method to measure the adhesion and understand the adhesion mechanism. In this method, we used gravity to pull the fiber directly from the substrate and then measured the gravity to calculate the adhesion. This new test method is more convenient and practical than the previously reported methods. In addition, the adhesion of the in situ electrospun web on different substrates (e.g., aluminium foil, wood pulp paper, and silicon paper) was also studied by this method. The adhesion was influenced by spinning voltage, electrical conductivity, and surface roughness of the substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable polymers are increasingly employed at the heart of therapeutic devices. Particularly in the form of thin and elongated fibers, they offer an effective strategy for controlled release in a variety of biomedical configurations such as sutures, scaffolds, wound dressings, surgical or imaging probes, and smart textiles. So far however, the fabrication of fiber‐based drug delivery systems has been unable to fulfill significant requirements of medicated fibers such as multifunctionality, adequate mechanical strength, drug loading capability, and complex release profiles of multiple substances. Here, a novel paradigm in the design and fabrication of microstructured biodegradable fibers with tailored mechanical properties and capable of predefined release patterns from multiple reservoirs is proposed. Different biodegradable polymers compatible with the scalable thermal drawing process are identified, and their release properties as thin films of various thicknesses in the fiber form are experimentally investigated and modeled. Multimaterial microstructured fibers with predictable complex release profiles of potentially different substances are then designed and fabricated. Moreover, the tunability of the mechanical properties via tailoring the drawing process parameters is demonstrated, as well as the ability to weave such fibers. This work establishes a novel platform for biodegradable microstructured fibers for applications in implants, sutures, wound dressing, or tissue scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several issues persist in clinical translation and application of cultured epithelial autografts during treatment of patients with massive burn injuries. The aim of this systematic review is to determine (1) current practice and trends in clinical application and (2) clinical efficacy of cultured epithelial autografts. A structured literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE from 1946 and Ovid EMBASE from 1974 until present. All published peer‐reviewed randomized or non‐randomized clinical studies, cohort studies, prospective, or retrospective series involving human application of cultured epithelial autografts in the setting of burn injury were included. From 7,267 studies initially identified, 77 studies were included in the analysis. In 96% (74/77) of these series, the sample size was less than 100 patients. In 76.6% (59/77) publications, average burn treated exceeded 40% total body surface area. Overall, cultured epithelial autograft take rates reported in the literature were inconsistent and varied significantly from 0 to 100%. There was a recent trend for co‐application of cultured grafts with autologous skin grafts, achieving relatively high and consistent take rates of 73–96%. Results from cultured epithelial autograft application remained unpredictable. This technology remains an adjunct or biological dressing, and not an alternative to conventional split skin graft. However, it has contributed to wound closure and it has been life saving in selected circumstances. Skin tissue engineering should continue as the clinical need for skin replacement is foreseeable into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was the objective assessment of the effectiveness of a microfragmented dermal extract obtained with Rigenera™ technology in promoting the wound healing process in an in vivo homogeneous experimental human acute surgical wound model. The study included 20 patients with 24 acute postsurgical soft tissue loss and a planned sequential two-stage repair with a dermal substitute and an autologous split-thickness skin graft. Each acute postsurgical soft tissue loss was randomized to be treated either with an Integra® dermal substitute enriched with the autologous dermal micrografts obtained with Rigenera™ technology (group A—Rigenera™ protocol) or with an Integra® dermal substitute only (group B—control). The reepithelialization rate in the wounds was assessed in both groups at 4 weeks through digital photography with the software "ImageJ." The dermal cell suspension enrichment with the Rigenera™ technology was considered effective if the reepithelialized area was higher than 25% of the total wound surface as this threshold was considered far beyond the expected spontaneous reepithelialization rate. In the Rigenera™ protocol group, the statistical analysis failed to demonstrate any significant difference vs. the controls. The old age of the patients likely influenced the outcome as the stem cell regenerative potential is reduced in the elderly. A further explanation for the unsatisfying results of our trial might be the inadequate amount of dermal stem cells used to enrich the dermal substitutes. In our study, we used a 1 : 200 donor/recipient site ratio to minimize donor site morbidity. The gross dimensional disparity between the donor and recipient sites and the low concentration of dermal mesenchymal stromal stem cells might explain the poor epithelial proliferative boost observed in our study. A potential option in the future might be preconditioning of the dermal stem cell harvest with senolytic active principles that would fully enhance their regenerative potential. This trial is registered with trial protocol number NCT03912675. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Only 50%–60% of total seafood catch is used for human consumption, seafood processing being considered as one of the main sources of by‐products. Among marine species, jumbo squid (JS; Dosidicus gigas) represents the most important squid fishery, showing an increasing economic interest in many countries. As for any other marine species, the regular cleaning, dressing and processing produce high quantities of by‐products (skin, head, fins, viscera, tentacles, unclaimed mantle, etc.) that are rich in many nutrients (proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, biopolymers, etc.). This review compiles information about extraction and employment of JS by‐products with the aim of enhancing their economic value and reduce environmental drawbacks. A special emphasis is given to the relevance in developing methods susceptible to transform by‐products into useful and profitable products susceptible to be applied in several industries such as food, medicine, agrochemical or pharmaceutical. Future possible trends for widening this profitable use are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Retracted: Clinical Effect of Emergency Dermabrasion Combined with Biological Dressing A on Wound Microcirculation and Preventing Sepsis in Deep Degree-II Burns," has been retracted by Hindawi due to evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication process. The investigation found discrepancies in scope, description of the research, availability of data, inappropriate citations, incoherent content, and compromised peer review. The article's reliability is undermined, and the human-subject reporting requirements were not met. Wiley and Hindawi have implemented additional measures to safeguard research integrity. The corresponding author has been given the opportunity to respond to the retraction. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information about the cycloaddition chemistry and synthesis design a cycloaddition disconnection. It described a powerful new enantioselective access to benzocyclazines using a TDBPS-protected prolinol auxiliary. It mentions the study for switching from palladium to platinum chemistry.

The potential use of extracellular matrix (ECM) as a source of wound dressing material has recently received much attention. The ECM is an intricate network of various combinations of elastin, collagens, laminin, fibronectin, and proteoglycans that play a key role in stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation. We evaluated the efficacy of an ECM sheet derived from human adipose tissue as a wound dressing material to enhance healing. We prepared a novel porous ECM sheet dressing scaffold from human adipose tissue. in vitro analysis of the ECM sheets showed efficient decellularisation; absence of immunostimulatory components; and the presence of a wide number of angiogenic and bioactive factors, including collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans. To evaluate in vivo efficacy, full‐thickness excisional wounds were created on the dorsal skin of a rat, and the ECM sheets; secondary healing foam wound dressing, Healoderm; or a conventional dressing were applied to each wound site. Photographs were taken every other day, and the degree of reepithelialisation of the wounds was determined. Application of an ECM sheet dressing enhanced the macroscopic wound‐healing rate on days 4, 7, and 10 compared with that in the control group. Microscopic analysis indicated that the reepithelialisation rate of the wound was higher in the ECM group compared with that in the control group; the reepithelialisation rate was better than that of the secondary healing foam wound dressing. Moreover, a denser and more organised granulation tissue was formed in the ECM sheet group compared with that in the secondary healing foam wound dressing and control groups. The ECM sheet also showed the highest microvessel density compared with the secondary healing foam wound dressing and control groups. Based on these data, we suggest that a bioactive ECM sheet dressing derived from human adipose can provide therapeutic proteins for wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) has been of recent interest in different surgical fields as beneficial outcomes on high-risk wounds have been reported. Nevertheless, its mechanisms of function are not widely studied to date. Methods. We established two ex vivo setups of iNPWT in porcine and human abdominal wall for measuring pressures within the wound which result from iNPWT application. For pressure measurements, a high-resolution manometry catheter and a balloon catheter probe were used in a wound sealed with either a commercially available PREVENA VAC kit or a self-made iNPWT kit. Furthermore, we evaluated seroma evacuation by iNPWT. Results. Both setups showed similar characteristics of pressure curves within the wound when applying increasing negative pressures. Application of high pressures did not result in a similar increase in wound pressure. Only subtotal evacuation of seroma by iNPWT application (about 75% of volume) could be detected. Conclusion. Our ex vivo model of iNPWT in porcine and human abdominal wall could show reproducible measurements of pressures within the wounds in both types of tissue. As intrawound pressures did not increase in the same way as the applied negative pressure, we suggest that our results do not advocate the idea of using iNPWT for wound care especially as seroma evacuation remains insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: Peri‐implantitis is a common cause of late implant failure. Studies have investigated different treatment strategies. The effectiveness of these modalities, however, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the success of surgical peri‐implantitis treatment using clinical and radiographic parameters. Material and methods: A systematic review of published literature was employed. Key words were selected to conduct an electronic search using four databases for literature on human clinical studies. Meta‐analyses were carried out for clinical probing, pocket depth and radiographic bone level. Results: A total of 16 papers met the inclusion criteria. Four treatment modalities to supplement mechanical debridement were identified: (i) apically repositioned flap, (ii) chemical surface decontamination, (iii) implantoplasty, and (iv) bone augmentation. Inconsistent results were evident which were dependent on several treatment‐independent factors. No clinical benefits were identified for the additional use of surface decontamination, while limited evidence demonstrated improvement of clinical and radiographic outcomes after implantoplasty. The effect of bone augmentation appeared limited to ‘filling’ radiographic defects. Conclusions: The outcomes of the currently available surgical interventions for peri‐implantitis remain unpredictable. There is no reliable evidence to suggest which methods are the most effective. Further randomised‐controlled studies are needed to identify the best treatment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the use of shear wave elastography in assessment of kidney allograft tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Methods: Shear wave elastography assessment was carried out by two independent operators in kidney transplant recipients who underwent allograft biopsy for clinical indications (i.e. rising creatinine >15% or proteinuria >1 g/day). Allograft biopsies were interpreted by the same pathologist according to the 2013 Banff Classification. Results: A total of 40 elastography scans were carried out (median creatinine 172.5 μmol/L [interquartile range 133.8–281.8 μmol/L]). Median tissue stiffness at the cortex (22.6 kPa [interquartile range 18.8–25.7 kPa] vs 22.3 kPa [interquartile range 19.0–26.5 kPa], P = 0.70) and medulla (15.0 kPa [interquartile range 13.7–18.0 kPa] vs 15.6 kPa [interquartile range 14.4–18.2 kPa]) showed no significant differences between the two observers. Interobserver agreement was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient of the cortex 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–0.92 and intraclass correlation coefficient of the medulla 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.94). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for detection of tubulointerstitial fibrosis were estimated to be 0.75 (95% CI 0.61–0.89), 0.85 (95% CI 0.75–0.95) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.53–0.78) for cortical, medullary tissue stiffness and serum creatinine, respectively. Conclusions: Shear wave elastography can be used as a non‐invasive tool to evaluate kidney allograft fibrosis with reasonable interobserver agreement and superior test performance to serum creatinine in detecting early tubulointerstitial fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is more than a decade that amniotic membrane has been used as a wound dressing because of its anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, anti‐fibrotic, anti‐scarring properties, as well as its pain relieving and epithelialization promoting features. However, amniotic membrane had limited applications because it needs to suture in surgery, is highly fragile, firmly adhere to the wound and may cause bleeding and pain when changing the bandage. This study investigated the possibility of development of a novel amniotic‐based chitosan gel dressing as a potential wound repair substrate with marked efficacy. In this experiment, amniotic gel prepared based on chitosan/PVP gel containing human amniotic membrane extract (AME‐Gel) was investigated in terms of wound‐healing efficacy and scar preventive effects in a rat burn model. The levels of re‐epithelialization and dermal regeneration were examined by histological assessment using H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Also, we clarified the mechanism of healing and cytokine‐releasing activities of AME as well as its effect on epithelization, angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth and migration. Our results revealed that AME‐Gel induces epidermal and dermal regeneration at a shorter time through formation of granulation tissue, enhancement of fibroblast proliferation, and improvement of blood capillary formation concomitant with developing collagen bundles. Therefore, AME‐Gel could be considered a simple and easy to be used as a biological dressing for any type of superficial burn wounds, without any adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]