1. Anti-inflammatory effects of sevoflurane and mild hypothermia in endotoxemic rats.
- Author
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Hofstetter C, Boost KA, Flondor M, Basagan-Mogol E, Betz C, Homann M, Muhl H, Pfeilschifter J, and Zwissler B
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Pressure drug effects, Blood Pressure physiology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Cell Survival drug effects, Cell Survival physiology, Cells, Cultured, Inflammation Mediators metabolism, Interleukin-10 blood, Interleukin-1beta blood, Lipopolysaccharides toxicity, Macrophages, Alveolar metabolism, Male, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sevoflurane, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Anesthetics, Inhalation pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Endotoxemia pathology, Hypothermia, Induced, Methyl Ethers pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Volatile anesthetics and hypothermia attenuate the inflammatory response. We aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of sevoflurane and mild hypothermia during experimental endotoxemia in the rat., Methods: Anesthetized, ventilated Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly treated as follows (n = 6 per group): lipopolysaccharide (LPS) only, animals received LPS [LPS 5 mg/kg, intravenously (i.v.)] with no further treatment. In the LPS-hypothermia group, rats were cooled down to a temperature of 33 degrees C 15 min after LPS-injection (LPS 5 mg/kg i.v.). In animals of the LPS-sevoflurane group, sevoflurane inhalation (1 MAC) was initiated 15 min after induction of endotoxemia. The LPS-sevoflurane-hypothermia group received combined sevoflurane and hypothermia 15 min after induction of endotoxemia. A Sham group served as control without endotoxemia or treatment. After 4 h of endotoxemia, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-10 were measured. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were ex vivo cultured for nitrite assay., Results: Inhalation of sevoflurane significantly attenuated plasma levels of TNF-alpha (-60%, P < 0.05) and IL-1beta (-68%, P < 0.05) as compared with the LPS-only group. Hypothermia and its combination with sevoflurane significantly reduced TNF-alpha levels (-46% and -58%, each P < 0.05), but not IL-1beta. Application of mild hypothermia and also its combination with sevoflurane resulted in a significant increase in plasma IL-10 as compared with endotoxemic controls. Nitrite release from AM was found to be significantly suppressed by sevoflurane (-83%), hypothermia (-73%) and by the combination of both (-67%) (P < 0.05, each)., Conclusion: Our data suggest that sevoflurane and mild hypothermia attenuate the inflammatory response during endotoxemia in vivo thus contributing to their beneficial role in clinical organ protection.
- Published
- 2007
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